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This article is about the city in India. For the district, see Jalpaiguri district. For the administrative division, see Jalpaiguri division. For the administrative subdivision, see Jalpaiguri Sadar subdivision.
Jalpaiguri
জলপাইগুড়ি
City of Jalpaiguri
Metropolitan City / Urban Agglomeration
Jalpaiguri Skyline
Jalpaiguri Skyline
Nickname(s): 
JPG, City of Hospitality
Country India
StateWest Bengal
DistrictJalpaiguri
Named forThe Divisional Headquarters and second largest city of North Bengal, Commercial Capital of North Bengal, Administrative Headquarters of Jalpaiguri Division
Government
 • TypeJalpaiguri Municipal Corporation
 • BodyJMC
 • MayorMohan Bose
Area
 • Metropolitan City / Urban Agglomeration90.29 km2 (34.86 sq mi)
 • Rank6th
Elevation
89 m (292 ft)
Population
 (2011[1])
 • Metropolitan City / Urban Agglomeration107,341
 • Rank19th[2]
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
 • Metro
[1]
169,002 (UA figure)
Demonym(s)Jalpaigurians, Jalpaiguribashi
Languages
 • OfficialBengali, English
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
735 101-735 110
Telephone code+913561
Vehicle registrationWB-71, WB-72 2
Lok Sabha constituencyJalpaiguri
Vidhan Sabha constituencyJalpaiguri, Rajganj, Maynaguri
Websitejalpaigurimunicipality.org
1The coordinates given here are in metric system and based upon the Microsoft Encarta Reference Library Map Center 2005 2 The Vehicle Code given here based upon the Jalpaiguri District Court documentations.

Jalpaiguri (Pron: ˌʤælpaɪˈgʊəri) (Template:Lang-bn Jôlpaiguṛi) is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the largest city and the headquarters of the Jalpaiguri district, and the divisional headquarters of the region. The city is located on the banks of the Teesta River which is the second largest river in West Bengal on the foothills of the Himalayas.[3] The city is the home to the circuit bench of the Kolkata High Court, the other seat being at Port Blair in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. As of the 2011 census, the city had a population of 107,341 and the metropolitan area 169,002.[1][2] The city has become an important trade centre of West Bengal. It is a principal commercial, tourism, transportation, and educational centre of the North Bengal region. It lies 42 kilometres away from Siliguri which is its twin city, which both merges up to be the largest metropolis of the region.

Etymology

The name "Jalpaiguri" comes from the Bhutanese term je-le-pe-go-ri, meaning a place where warm clothes are traded, suggesting a trading centre. Another suggestion is that it is from the word "Jalpai" meaning olive, and "Guri" meaning a place.[4] The city of Jalpaiguri once had many olive trees.

History

Further information: Raikat

Jalpaiguri is a significant city in commercialisation and business.[5] It is one of the most busiest and important cities of North Bengal as well as in the Indian state of West Bengal.[6] Jalpaiguri is the largest city and the headquarters of the Jalpaiguri district, and also serves as the headquarters of the Jalpaiguri division, comprising all of the seven districts of North Bengal.

Geography

Teesta River Bay in Jalpaiguri

Jalpaiguri is located at 26°31′N 88°44′E / 26.52°N 88.73°E / 26.52; 88.73.[7] It has an average elevation of 75 metres (246 feet).Jalpaiguri lies in the middle of the vast fertile plains (Terai) south of the Himalayas, watered by innumerable rivers and rivulets rising from and flowing down the Himalayas. On a clear sunny day, the Mount Kanchenjunga, the world's third highest peak is visible from the city. The city lies on the banks of the Teesta River which is the second largest river in West Bengal after the Ganges. A mass flood in 1968 nearly flattened out the city and huge spurs had to be built and the river diverted to some km. outside the city to avoid the same carnage as it caused. Other than the Teesta, the Karala River, nicknamed the "Thames of Jalpaiguri", flows through the city thereby bisecting it into two halves.

Climate

The city of Jalpaiguri experiences three seasons mainly, namely summer, monsoons and winter. Summers are tropical and quite hot with temperatures ranging in the mid-thirties (Celsius). The highest recorded temperature in Jalpaiguri is 41.3 degree Celsius. Monsoons are very severe with the city experiencing high amount of rainfall, sometimes stalling all life and activities. Winters are again quite severe and chilly, with the cold Himalayan winds blowing straight into the city. Temperatures are around 8 to 14 degrees Celsius during this period. The lowest recorded temperature in Jalpaiguri City is 2.1 degree Celsius. [8] However, the climate has undergone a drastic change in the past few years, with the mercury rising and the rainfall decreasing each year.[9]

Climate data for Jalpaiguri
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23
(73) 		25
(77) 		28
(82) 		31
(88) 		33
(91) 		35
(95) 		34
(93) 		31
(88) 		28
(82) 		26
(79) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		28
(83)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 3
(37) 		10
(50) 		13
(55) 		21
(70) 		24
(75) 		25
(77) 		26
(79) 		25
(77) 		23
(73) 		16
(61) 		10
(50) 		4
(39) 		17
(62)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 8
(0.3) 		18
(0.7) 		33
(1.3) 		94
(3.7) 		300
(11.8) 		658
(25.9) 		818
(32.2) 		643
(25.3) 		538
(21.2) 		142
(5.6) 		13
(0.5) 		5
(0.2) 		3,266
(128.6)
Source: Jalpaiguri Weather
Jalpaiguri
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
14
 
 
26
11
 
 
19
 
 
29
15
 
 
25
 
 
34
19
 
 
31
 
 
38
24
 
 
87
 
 
39
26
 
 
275
 
 
39
26
 
 
334
 
 
32
26
 
 
338
 
 
32
25
 
 
239
 
 
32
25
 
 
78
 
 
31
22
 
 
15
 
 
29
17
 
 
24
 
 
26
12
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
0.6
 
 
79
52
 
 
0.7
 
 
84
59
 
 
1
 
 
93
66
 
 
1.2
 
 
100
75
 
 
3.4
 
 
102
79
 
 
11
 
 
102
79
 
 
13
 
 
90
79
 
 
13
 
 
90
77
 
 
9.4
 
 
90
77
 
 
3.1
 
 
88
72
 
 
0.6
 
 
84
63
 
 
0.9
 
 
79
54
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Demographics

In the 2011 census, Jalpaiguri City had a population of 107,341 (53,708 male and 53,633 female)[1] while the Metropolitan region had a population of 169,002; 85,226 males and 83,787 females. The 0–6 years population was 14,522. Effective literacy rate for the 7+ population was 86.03 per cent.[10]

See also: List of cities in West Bengal

Jalpaiguri has a majority Bengali population. Other minority communities include Gorkhas (Nepali), Marwaris and Biharis. Bengali, Nepali, Hindi, English, Marwari, Bihari, Assamese, Punjabi, and Gujrati are the languages that are spoken by the local people of Jalpaiguri.

Religions in Jalpaiguri City [1]
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 96.16%
Muslims
 
 2.94%
Christians
 
 0.42%
Buddhists
 
 0.35%
Others
 
 0.13%
Distribution of religions
†Includes Jains (0.06%).Sikhs (0.03%),

Civic administration

Civic administration is the responsibility of the Jalpaiguri Municipality which is the fifth oldest one in West Bengal after that of Kolkata, Howrah, Berhampore and Burdwan. Set up in 1885, it is headed by a chairman who is elected by the all residents of the city. It has 45 wards that elect the ward councillors. The All India Trinamool Congress is in power of this municipal body. The chairman of the municipality is Mohan Bose.

[11]

Business

Jalpaiguri has gradually developed as a profitable centre for a variety of businesses. As a central hub, many national companies and organisations have set up their offices here. Main shopping centres lie at Cosmos Arcade, Rupasree Mall, Kadamtala, Merchant Road, D.B.C. Road, Kamarpara, Hospital Road, Raikatpara, Hakimpara, Dinbazaar, Club Road, Race Course, Ashram Para, Shanti Para, Beguntary, Shilpasamiti Para, and Deshbandhu Circle.

A motel in Jalpaiguri

Economy

Jalpaiguri has been witnessing radical changes, along with rapid development in segments like industry, real estate, and information technology firms, and education, since the advent of the twenty-first century. The changes are with respect to infrastructure and industrial growth for steel (direct reduced iron), metal, cement and knowledge-based industries. Many engineering, technology, management, and professional study colleges have opened at Jalpaiguri. Housing co-operatives and flats, shopping malls, multiplexes, cineplexes a science and energy park, a software technology park (STPI), hotels and stadiums have also come up.

Jalpaiguri has its own bank, the Jalpaiguri Central Co-operative Bank, whose head office is located at Temple Street of the city. Founded in 1919, it has more than 20 branches spread across North Bengal.

Head Post Office Square, Jalpaiguri

An industrial park has been built at Dabgram, just a few kilometres from the city centre, on the route to Siliguri. As the city is near the international border, the Border Security Force (BSF) maintains a large presence in the vicinity of Jalpaiguri. This gives rise to a large population of semi-permanent residents, who bring revenue to the local economy. The state government is trying to promote Jalpaiguri City as a tourist destination.

Utility services

The municipality is responsible for providing basic services, such as potable water and sanitation. The water is supplied by the municipal authorities using its groundwater resources, and almost all the houses in the municipal area are connected through the system.[citation needed] Solid waste is collected every day by the city van from individual houses. The surface drains, mostly uncemented, drain into the Teesta River. Electricity is supplied by the West Bengal State Electricity Board, and the West Bengal Fire Service provides emergency services like fire tenders. Almost all the roads are metalled (macadam), and street lighting is available throughout the city.

An ATM medicine shoppe in Jalpaiguri

The Public Works Department is responsible for road maintenance in the city and on the roads connecting Jalpaiguri with other cities and towns in the region. Health services in Jalpaiguri include a government-owned District Hospital, a Regional Cancer Centre, a local T.B. Hospital, and private hospitals, clinics and nursing homes.

Transport

Public transport includes cycle rickshaws, auto rickshaws, local buses and tempos. There is no metered vehicular transport. While 6-seater city autos ply between two fixed destinations of about 10–15  km, one can hire petrol-driven auto rickshaws from auto stands at a rate fixed by the municipal authorities. A total of 16,000 rickshaws licensed by the municipal corporation.

Rail

Jalpaiguri Urban Agglomeration has five important railway stations:-

New Jalpaiguri railway station

1. Jalpaiguri Town is the oldest station in the area.

Jalpaiguri Junction rail yard

2. Jalpaiguri Road was opened in 1944. It has broad gauge extended to New Bongaigaon.

3. New Jalpaiguri was opened in 1964 as a greenfield project. It was named New Jalpaiguri as it is located in the Jalpaiguri District. It is located 35 km away from the city. It is also known as NJP. This station connects both the twin cities of Jalpaiguri City and Siliguri to the rest of the country by railway. The Darjeeling Himalayan Toy Train is the main attraction of this station. The station is the largest railway station in the north-east and was awarded as the cleanest railway of India in 2011.[citation needed]

4. Mohitnagar lies at Mohitnagar in the Haldibari-New Jalpaiguri line.

5. Jalpaiguri Junction is a junction railway station, situated at the further western part of the city. The railway station serves Jalpaiguri, Raninagar and other nearby places.

Air

The local airport of Jalpaiguri which is about 7 kilometres away from the city proper at Shobhabari has modern passenger facilities, however no airlines operate in this airport at the moment.[12]

Bagdogra Airport

Another nearby airport is the Bagdogra Airport, situated about 48 km away from the city centre which is the only functioning airport in the region. This airport is connected to Bangalore, Chandigarh, New Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangkok, Kathmandu and Paro.

Bus

The Netaji Subhash Central Bus Terminus situated next to the North Bengal State Transport Corporation (NBSTC) Bus Stop is a major stop for most private and state-owned buses in the region. The Royal Government of Bhutan also operates buses from Jalpaiguri to its border town Phuentsholing. Air conditioned sleeper coach bus service is also available from Jalpaiguri to Kolkata, Patna and Assam. There are several bus stands in the Jalpaiguri:-

  • NBSTC Depot: Govt. buses are available from here.
  • Kadamtala Bus Terminus: Private buses to Siliguri are available from here.
  • Super Bus Stand near the Jalpaiguri railway station – Super (or non-stop) bus services to Siliguri are available from here.
  • Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Private Bus Terminus: Buses to the Dooars region, i.e., Malbazar, Birpara, are available from here.
  • Bowbazaar Bus Stand: Bus services to Haldibari are available from here.

Culture

Major festivals observed at Jalpaiguri include Durga puja, Chhath Puja, Ganesh puja, Laxmi puja, Saraswati puja, and Diwali. Baisakhi Mela is one of the oldest fairs in Jalpaiguri which takes place in the Bengali month of Baisakh (i.e., April–May).

Lot of fairs and carnivals take place in Jalpaiguri. The most popular fairs in Jalpaiguri are Baisakhi Mela, Hasta Shilpa Mela, Book Fair, and Lexpo Fair. Most of the fairs happens in the Jalpaiguri Sports Village, Jalpaiguri District Sports Complex Stadium or the Town Club Stadium. [13] The city hosts group theatres, music & dance schools and night clubs.

Education

Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College (JGEC) campus

Jalpaiguri's schools are run by the state government or private organisations, many of which are religious. Bengali and English are the primary languages of instruction; Nepali and Hindi are also used.[14][15] Schools in Jalpaiguri follow the "10+2+3" plan. After completing their secondary education, students typically enroll in schools that have a higher secondary facility and are affiliated with the West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education, the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE), or the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).[14] They usually choose a focus on liberal arts, business, or science. Vocational programs are also available.[14] Jalpaiguri Zilla School is the oldest school of the city founded in 1876. Some of the other schools in the city include Fanindradeb Institution, Holy Child School, Jalpaiguri, Sunitibala Sadar Girls School, D.A.V. School, Techno India School, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Saint Anthony's Day School, Saint Paul's School, Jalpaiguri, Government Girls High School. In 2012 the Government proposed a medical college for the suburb of Paharpur.[16]

Colleges include the Ananda Chandra College, P.D. Women's College, St. Xavier's College, all of which are affiliated with the University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohanpur, Dist.:Darjeeling. Also, since 2011 the second campus of the university with the same name provides with master's degrees in arts, sciences, and commerce.[17] Jalpaiguri Polytechnic Institute, is a Government Diploma level institute with 3 yrs.(10+) Civil, Electrical, Mechanical & Automobile Engineering and 2 yrs.(12+) The Institute of Pharmacy, Jalpaiguri is the sole pharmacist college in the region which offers pharmacy courses under West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Kolkata. There is also an industrial training institute in the city. [18][19] The Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College is one of the three Government accredited engineering college in the state of West Bengal and it lies in the Southern Bypass at Goshala of the city. It is autonomous. Jalpaiguri Law College is the city's law college.

The North Bengal Medical College, located about 42 km away from the city proper, is the sole medical college in the region and is connected to the main city through the National Highway 31(D).

Media

Sports

Table tennis, cricket, taekwon-do, chess and football are the most popular sports here. The Jalpaiguri District Sports Complex Stadium and the Town Club Stadium are the city's only outdoor stadiums and have hosted many state and national level matches. The stadium houses the Sports Authority of India sports hostel for athletes. There are three indoor stadiums at Shilpasamitipara, Raikatpara and Hakimpara, respectively in the southern part of the city. The new stadium next to Sports Complex has facilities for lawn tennis, badminton, table tennis, and other indoor sports.

Visitor attractions

Teesta Bay
The Jalpaiguri Palace Gate
Royal Lake (Jalpaiguri Rajbari Dighi), Jalpaiguri
Entrance to the Gorumara National Park
Christ Redeemer Church in Jalpaiguri
  • Jogomaya Kali Temple, Temple Street
Dhalabari Mosque, Jalpaiguri
Tomb of Penda Mohammad
  • Royal Palace of Baikunthapur Royal Estate, at Rajbaripara. The building has made in the early twentieth century in place of the old palace by Raja Jayantadev Raikot.
Manasha Mandir, Jalpaiguri
  • Several lakes in Rajbari Palace ground among them, the largest one excavated in the time of Raja Sarbadev Raikot by Deenu Gomasta of Dinajpur around the middle of nineteenth century.
  • Raipur Tea Estate, Rangdhamali, Jalpaiguri.
  • Jalpaiguri Nawab Bari, (now the Circuit Bench of the Calcutta High Court)
  • Jubilee Park, a park located on the spurs of the River Teesta
  • Rabindra Bhawan (also called the Arya Natya Samaj), a cultural centre
  • The Teesta River
File:Kadamtala at night, Jalpaiguri.jpeg
Kadamtala Marg, Jalpaiguri
  • Teesta Udyan, a children's park along the banks of the Karala River.
  • Sarojendra Deb Raikat Kala Kendra, an art gallery (now a cineplex), opposite the Town Club Stadium.
  • Jogomaya Kalibari, a famous temple dedicated to the Goddess Kali on Temple Street. It also houses a temple of Baba Loknath.
  • Durga Puja, especially "The Ravana Badh" at Babupara
  • Devi Bhramari Temple at Bodaganj near Maynaguri on the banks of river Teesta which is regarded as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas of India. People believed that the sacred left toe of Devi Sati has fallen after the famous daksha-yajna.
  • Gosala Mela near Denguajhar (Organised by Shri Baikunthnath Pinjrapol Gosala)
  • Devi Chaudhurani Mandir- It is believed that Devi Chaudhurani the bandit queen from the novel of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, has her Kali Temple near the banks of the Karala River and has an underground subway to the banks of Teesta.
  • Jalpesh Temple- An old Shiva temple about 15 km from the city, established more than five hundred years ago.
  • Jatileshwar Temple- Another ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, from the time of Sen period.

Notable residents

  • Ratan Lal Basu, fiction writer in English
  • Samaresh Majumdar, Bengali author of novels like Uttoradhikar, Kalpurush, and Kaalbela.
  • Pradip Kumar Banerjee, football player and coach who represented India at the international level.
  • Mimi Chakraborty, Tollywood actress
  • Nirmal Bose, Senior Cabinet Minister government of West Bengal, Member of Parliament, President Indian Political Science Association.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Jalpaiguri Metropolitan Region". Jalpaiguri City Census 2011 data. Census 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2016.
  2. ^ a b "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Census India. Retrieved 10 October 2011.
  3. ^ http://jalpaiguri.gov.in/html/tourism.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ^ Raha, Manis Kumar (1989). Matriliny to Patriliny: A Study of the Rabha Society. Gian Publishing House. p. 22.
  5. ^ Gupta, Om (2007). Jalpaiguri City, India. Isha Books. p. 1086. ISBN 978-8182053892.
  6. ^ Raha, Manis Kumar (1989). Matriliny to Patriliny: A Study of the city Jalpaiguri. Gian Publishing House. p. 22.
  7. ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jalpaiguri, India". fallingrain.com.
  8. ^ District Profile, Jalpaiguri Government website Accessed on 1 October 2006
  9. ^ Sharma Lakhotia, Anuradha (7 November 2006). "Darjeeling warming up faster than earth". The Telegraph. Retrieved 7 November 2006.
  10. ^ "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (pdf). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. censusindia.gov. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  11. ^ "Press Note, Delimitation Commission" (PDF). Assembly Constituencies in West Bengal. Delimitation Commission. pp. 4, 23. Retrieved 18 April 2009.
  12. ^ "More airports for Indian cities, says India's Civil Aviation Minister". Trav Talk. 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Track record". The Tribune. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  14. ^ a b c "Annual Report 2007–2008" (PDF). Department of School Education, Government of West Bengal. p. 69. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  15. ^ "List of most reputed schools in West Bengal". West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
  16. ^ Ganguly, Arnab (12 July 2012). "Medical college for Indian cities". The Telegraph. Retrieved 27 October 2012.
  17. ^ EOI, Correspondence. "NBDD minister inaugurates multiple projects".
  18. ^ "Private education Bill passed amidst Opposition walkout". The Statesman. 6 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
  19. ^ "Bill passed to set up private varsity". Asian Age. 7 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2012.[dead link]

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