List of wars involving India
History of India |
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Timeline |
This is a list of known wars, conflicts, battles/sieges, missions and operations involving former kingdoms and states in the Indian subcontinent and the modern day Republic of India and its predecessors.
Ancient India (c. 15th to 1st century BCE)
Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Battle of the Ten Kings (c. 14th century BCE) | Bharata tribe | Ten King Alliance | Bharatas Victory
|
Kurukshetra War | Pandavas of Kuru Kingdom | Kaurava of Kuru Kingdom | Pandavas Victory
|
Kosala-Kashi war (c. 650 BCE) |
Kosala kingdom | Kasi kingdom | Kosala Victory
|
Kosala conquest of Gaṇasaṅgha (c. 600 to 550 BCE) |
Kosala kingdom | Gaṇasaṅghas Kālāma Shakya Koliya |
Kosala Victory
|
Gandhāra-Avanti war (c. 575 BCE) |
Gandhāra kingdom | Pradyota dynasty | Gandhāra Victory
|
Magadha-Anga war (c. 535 BCE) |
Haryanka dynasty | Anga Kingdom | Magadha Victory
|
Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley (c. 535/518BCE–450 BCE) |
Mahajanapadas | Achaemenid Empire | Achaemenid Victory
|
Avanti-Magadhan wars (c. 510 BCE–400 BCE) |
Haryanka dynasty Shishunaga dynasty |
Avanti (Ancient India) | Magadha Victory
|
Magadha-Kosala war (c. Late 5th century BCE) |
Kosala kingdom | Magadha led by Haryanka dynasty | Magadha Victory
|
Magadha-Vajji war (c. 484 BCE–468 BCE) |
Haryanka dynasty | Vajjika League led by the Licchavis | Magadha Victory
|
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great (c. 327 BCE–325 BCE) |
Macedonian Empire | Various Indian kingdoms | * Macedonia conquers up to the Beas River, yet has to stop its advance in the Indus. |
Battle of the Hydaspes (c. 326 BCE) |
Porus | Macedon League of Corinth Persian allies Indian allies |
Macedon Victory
|
Conquest of the Nanda Empire (c. 323 BCE–322 BCE) |
Chandragupta Maurya | Nanda Empire | Maurya Victory
|
Seleucid–Mauryan war (c. 305 BCE–303 BCE) |
Maurya Empire | Seleucid Empire | Maurya Victory |
Kalinga War (c. 262 BCE–261 BCE) |
Maurya Empire | Kalinga | Maurya Victory
|
Shunga-Greek War (2nd Century BCE) |
Shunga dynasty | Greco-Bactrian Kingdom | Shunga Victory |
Battle of Vijithapura (c. 162/161 BCE) |
Chola dynasty | Anuradhapura Kingdom | Anuradhapura Victory |
Battle of Vidarbha (c. 145 BCE) |
Shunga Empire | Vidarbha kingdom (Mauryan era) | Shunga Victory |
Battle on the Sindhu river (c. 135 BCE) |
Shunga Empire | Indo-Greek Kingdom | Shunga Victory |
Classical India (c. 1st to 6th century CE)
Name of conflict | Belligerents | Belligerents | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
Saka-Satavahana Wars (c. 1st–2nd century CE) | Satavahana Empire | Western Kshatrapas | Satvahana Victory |
Battle of Venni (c. 130 CE) | Cholas (Uraiyur) | Chera dynasty Pandya dynasty Velir |
Chola Victory |
Second Parthian-Kushan War (between c. 130 CE to c. 140 CE) | Kushan Empire | Parthian Empire |
Kushan Victory |
Gupta conquests of Bengal (between c. 320–380 CE) |
Gupta Empire | Pundravardhana Pushkarana Samatata Vanga confederacy Local Vanga states and kingdoms |
Gupta Victory |
Gupta–Saka Wars (c. 335–413 CE) |
Gupta Empire | Western Satraps | Gupta Victory |
Samudragupta's conquest of Western Satraps (c. 350 to c. 360 CE) |
Gupta Empire | Western Satraps | Gupta Victory |
Battle of Sondani (528 CE) |
Alchon Huns | Aulikaras Gupta Empire |
Gupta and Aulikara victory |
Early Medieval India (c. 7th to 12th century CE)
Late Medieval India (c. 13th to 15th century CE)
Early Modern India (c. 16th to mid 19th century CE)
Name of conflict (Time) | Belligerents | Opponents | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|
First Battle of Cannanore
(1501) |
Kingdom of Calicut | ![]() |
Portuguese victory |
Battle of Calicut (1503) | Kingdom of Calicut
Arab privateers |
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Portuguese victory |
Battle of Cochin
(1504) |
Kingdom of Calicut
Vassal Malabari states
|
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Portuguese victory |
Portuguese-Mamluk naval war
(1505–1517) |
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Portuguese victory
|
Siege of Anjadiva (1506) | Bijapur Sultanate | ![]() |
Bijapur victory |
Siege of Cannanore (1507) | Kingdom of Cannanore | ![]() |
Portuguese victory |
Battle of Dabul
(1508) |
Bijapur Sultanate | ![]() |
Portuguese victory |
Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts
(1508–1573) |
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|
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Portuguese victory
|
Portuguese conquest of Goa
(1510) |
Bijapur Sultanate | ![]() |
Portuguese victory
|
Siege of Aden
(1513) |
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Yemeni Tahirids | Tahirid victory |
Siege of Goa (1517) | Bijapur Sultanate | ![]() |
Portuguese victory |
Battle of Zeila
(1517) |
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Portuguese victory |
Sinhalese–Portuguese conflicts
(1518–1658)
|
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|
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Stalemate
|
Battle of Khatoli (1518) |
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Rajput victory
|
Battle of Gagron (1519) |
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Malwa Sultanate Gujarat Sultanate |
Rajput victory
|
Battle of Dholpur (1519) |
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Rajput victory
|
Battle of Gujarat (1520) (1520) |
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Gujarat Sultanate | Rajput victory
|
Battle of Raichur (20 May 1520) |
Vijaynagar Empire | Sultanate of Bijapur | Vijaynagar victory
|
First Battle of Panipat (1526) |
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Mughal victory
|
Siege of Calicut (1526)
|
Zamorin of Calicut | ![]() |
Zamorin victory |
Battle of Bayana (21 February 1527) |
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|
Rajput victory
|
Battle of Khanwa (16 March 1527) |
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Mughal victory
|
Battle of Ghaghra (1529) |
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Mughal victory
|
Battle of Kannauj (1540) |
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Sur Empire | Sur victory
|
Battle of Sammel (1544) |
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Sur Empire | Sur victory
|
Burmese–Siamese War (1547–1549)[5] | ![]() Supported by: |
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Siam Victory |
Battle of Sirhind (1555) | Sur Empire | ![]() |
Mughal victory
|
Second Battle of Panipat (1556) |
Hemchandra Vikramaditya | ![]() |
Mughal victory
|
Battle of Tughlaqabad (7 October 1556) |
Hem Chandra Vikramaditya | ![]() |
Hem Chandra victory
|
Battle of Talikota (23 January 1565) |
Vijaynagar Empire | Deccan Sultanates | Deccan Sultanates victory
|
Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568) (23 October 1567 – 23 February 1568) |
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Mughal victory
|
Siege of Ranthambore (1568) (8 February 1568 – 21 March 1568) |
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Mughal victory
|
War of the League of the Indies
(1570 – 1574) |
Sultanate of Bijapur
Co-belligerents: Princely states of the Kanara coast |
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Portuguese victory |
Mughal invasion of Bengal (1572–1576) |
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Mughal victory
|
Battle of Haldighati (18 June 1576) |
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Inconclusive
|
Siege of Daman (1581)
|
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Portuguese victory |
Battle of Dewair (1582) (1582) |
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Rajput victory
|
Battle of Leitao Coast
(1586) |
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Arab Niquilus | Arab victory |
Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600) | ![]() |
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Portuguese victory |
Siege of Kottakkal
(1599–1600) |
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Kunjali Marakkar forces | Portuguese and Calicut victory |
Dutch–Portuguese War
(1601–1661)
|
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Supported by:
|
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|
Indecisive
|
Battle of Dewair (1606) (1606) |
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Rajput victory
|
Battle of Swally
(1612) |
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British victory |
Mughal expedition of Mewar (1615) |
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Mughal victory
|
Ahom–Mughal conflicts (1615–1682) |
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Ahom victory
|
Battle of Toppur (1616–17) |
Imperial forces of Vijaynagar Empire Nayaks of Tanjore |
Second faction of Vijayanagara Empire Nayaks of Gingee Nayaks of Madurai Pandyas of Tirunelveli Kingdom of Travancore Portuguese |
Imperial Vijayanagara forces victory
|
Battle of Rohila (1621) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory
|
Mughal–Safavid war (1622–23) (1622–1623) |
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Safavid victory
|
Spanish-Siam War | ![]() |
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Siam victory
|
Mombasa war
(1631–32) |
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Mombasa Sultanate | Portuguese Victory
|
Siege of Hooghly
(1632)
|
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Mughal Victory |
Battle of Amritsar (1634) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory
|
Battle of Lahira (1634) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory
|
Battle of Kartarpur (1635) |
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Sikh victory
|
Siege of Orchha (1635) (1635) |
Bundela Rajputs | ![]() |
Mughal Victory
|
Battle of Phagwara (1635) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory
|
Battle of Kiratpur (1638) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory |
Siege of Daman (1638–1639) | ![]() |
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Portuguese victory |
Battle of Pipli[9]
(1640) |
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Mughal victory |
Danish-Mughal War
(1642–1698)[9] |
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Stalemate
|
Mughal–Safavid war (1649–53) (1649–1653) |
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Persian victory
|
Battle of Sutlej (1653) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory
|
Invasions of Kiratpur (1658) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory
|
Mughal conquest of Chittagong (1665–1666) |
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Kingdom of Mrauk U | Mughal victory
|
Dutch-Zamorin Conflicts
(1666–1758) |
Zamorin | ![]() |
Dutch victory |
Rajput War (1679–1707) (1679–1707) |
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Rajput victory
|
Tibet-Ladakh-Mughal war of 1679-1684 (1679–1684) |
Ladakh![]() |
Tibet Zungar Empire |
Mughal military victory
|
Deccan Wars (1681–1707) |
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Inconclusive |
Maratha–Portuguese War
(1683–1684) |
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Stalemate | |
Siege of Bijapur (1685–1686) |
Bijapur Sultanate ![]() |
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Mughal victory
|
Anglo-Mughal War (1686–1690) |
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Mughal victory
|
Siege of Golconda (1687) |
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Golconda Sultanate | Mughal victory
|
Battle of Bhangani (1688) | ![]() |
Alliance of 16 Hill States, including: | Sikh victory |
Battle of Nadaun (1691) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory |
Mughal–Portuguese War
(1692–1693)
|
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Portuguese Victory | |
Omani–Portuguese conflict (1696–1714) | ![]() |
Indecisive
| |
Battle of Guler (1696) | ![]() |
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Sikh victory |
Battle of Anandpur (1699) | ![]() |
Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas) | Sikh victory |
Battle of Anandpur (1700) | ![]() |
![]() Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas) |
Sikh victory |
First siege of Anandpur (1700) | ![]() |
Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas), Ranghars, and Gujars | Sikh victory
|
Second siege of Anandpur (1704) | ![]() |
![]() Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas) |
Peace Treaty
|
Battle of Chamkaur (1704) | ![]() |
![]() Coalition of 22 Hill States (Rajas) |
Mughal and Hill Raja Victory
|
Rajput Rebellion 1708-1710 (1708–1710) |
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Rajput victory
|
Maratha–Portuguese War
(1725–1726)[12] |
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Inconclusive
| |
Maratha–Portuguese War
(1729–1732) |
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Supported by: |
Portuguese Victory
|
Novas Conquistas (1729–1789) | ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: Rajahnate of Soonda Kingdom of Sawantwadi |
Portuguese Victory |
Nadir Shah's invasion of India (1738–1739) |
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Persian victory
|
Travancore–Dutch War (incl. Battle of Colachel (Kulachal) 10 August 1741 (1739–1753) |
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Travancore victory
|
Battle of Vasai (1739) |
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Maratha victory |
Battle of Karnal (1739–February 13, 1739) |
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Persian victory |
Siege of Trichinopoly (1741) (1741) |
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Maratha victory
|
Expeditions in Bengal (1741–1748) |
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Peace treaty
|
First Carnatic War
(1744–1748)
|
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Status quo ante bellum |
Second Carnatic War
(1749–1754) |
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|
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Stalemate |
Naval Battle of Calicut
(1752) |
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Maratha victory |
Seven Years' War (1754–1763) |
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Status quo ante in Europe, but transfer of colonial possessions between Britain, France and Spain in the Treaty of Paris (1763).
|
Maratha conquest of North-west India (1757–1758) |
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Peace treaty |
Battle of Plassey (1757) |
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Company victory
|
Afghan-Maratha War (1758–1761) |
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Durrani victory |
Third Battle of Panipat (1761) |
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Durrani victory
|
Battle of Buxar (1764) |
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Company victory |
First Anglo-Mysore War (1767–1769) |
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Mysore victory |
First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) |
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Maratha victory |
Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780–1784) |
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Status quo ante bellum |
Maratha-Mysore War (1785–1787) |
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Maratha victory
|
Third Anglo-Mysore War (1789–1792) |
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Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory |
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1798–1799) |
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Maratha-Hyderabad-British victory |
Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805) |
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British victory |
Battle of Vizagapatam (1804) |
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French victory |
Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) |
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Company victory
|
Capture of East India Company ship Nautilus (1815) |
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American victory
|
Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) |
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British victory
|
First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) |
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Company victory
|
Siege of Herat
(1837–1838)
|
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Company victory
|
First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) |
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Afghan victory
|
First Opium War (1839–1842) |
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Company victory |
First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–1846) |
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Company victory |
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–1849) |
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Company victory
|
Second Anglo-Burmese War (1852) |
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Company victory
|
Anglo-Persian War (1856–1857) |
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Company victory
|
Indian Rebellion of 1857 (1857–1858) |
![]() ![]() Forces of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi Forces of Nana Sahib Peshwa II Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains |
![]() ![]() ![]() Various other Rajas, Nawabs, Zamindars, Taluqdars, and chieftains |
Company victory
|
Modern India (c. 1850s to 1947 CE)
Wars involving British Indian Empire
Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the princely states.
Independent India (c. 1947–present)
Wars involving the Union and Republic of India
In 1947, the British Indian Empire split into the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India. The Indian Army, the Royal Indian Air Force and the Royal Indian Navy too, were divided between the two countries. In 1950, the Union of India became the Republic of India after abolishing monarchy.
- Indian defeat
- Indian victory
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
See also
- Afghan–Sikh Wars
- List of wars involving the Mughal Empire
- Battles involving the Maratha Empire
- List of wars involving Delhi Sultanate
- List of Anglo-Indian Wars
- Indian Army United Nations peacekeeping missions
Notes
- ^ unnoficial Portuguese soldiers just helped the Zamorin.
- ^ ONUC, the United Nations Operation in the Congo, included troops from Ghana, Tunisia, Morocco, Ethiopia, Ireland, Guinea, Sweden, Mali, Sudan, Liberia, Canada, India, Indonesia and the United Arab Republic among others.[citation needed]
- ^ The secession of Katanga and South Kasai was also supported by South Africa, France and the neighbouring Central African Federation.[citation needed] However, it was never officially recognised by any other state.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Strabo, Geography, xv.2.9
- ^ Kosmin, Paul J. (2014), The Land of the Elephant Kings: Space, Territory, and Ideology in Seleucid Empire, Harvard University Press, pp. 33–34, ISBN 978-0-674-72882-0
- ^ Smith, Vincent Arthur (1920), The Oxford History of India: From the Earliest Times to the End of 1911, Clarendon Press, pp. 104–106
- ^ Barros (p. 140)
- ^ Loureiro, Rui Manuel. Galiote Pereira_Algumas cousas sabidas da China_1992.
- ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Foreign Settlements - Portuguese Settlement". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Essays - Spain". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Historical Events - Timeline 1600-1649". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
- ^ a b Wellen, Kathryn (2015). "The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642–1698" (PDF). Journal of Early Modern History. 19 (5): 448. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342470 – via Brill.
Appalled, Pessart sent a formal declaration of war in 1642 and sent two of Tranquebar's best ships north to attack Bengal, where they captured a ship they renamed Den Bengalske Prise.
- ^ Boland-Crewe, Tara; Lea, David (2003). The Territories and States of India (e-book ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 145. ISBN 9781135356255.
- ^ Poonen, T. I. (1978). Dutch Hegemony in Malabar and Its Collapse, A.D. 1663-1795. Department of Publications, University of Kerala. p. 70.
- ^ Lobato, 1965, p.100.
- ^ a b Franco-Indian Alliances
- ^ L.Lee, Johnathan (1996). The 'Ancient Supremacy': Bukhara, Afghanistan & the Battle for Balkh, 1731–1901. Brill Publishers. p. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-10399-3. ISSN 0929-2403.
- ^ Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
- ^ http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922 [bare URL]
- ^ "AFSPA removed from Meghalaya, eight police stations in Arunachal Pradesh". www.msn.com. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018.
- ^ "Are India's plans to celebrate 1965 war 'victory' in 'bad taste'?". Geeta Pandey. BBC News. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
- ^ "Cold war games". Bharat Rakshak. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ "Birth of a nation". The Indian Express. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- ^ VSM, Brig Amar Cheema (31 March 2015). The Crimson Chinar: The Kashmir Conflict: A Politico Military Perspective. Lancer Publishers. ISBN 9788170623014. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Rajagopalan, Rajesh; Mishra, Atul (2015). Nuclear South Asia: Keywords and Concepts. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-32475-1.
- ^ a b "Role of Russia, America, China and Britain". Archived from the original on 1 November 2011. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ Alvandi, Roham (2016). Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The United States and Iran in the Cold War. Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-19-061068-5. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
- ^ Mudiam, Prithvi Ram (1994). India and the Middle East. British Academic Press. ISBN 9781850437031. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ "India and Its Neighbors: Cooperation or Confrontation?" (PDF). CIA. p. 7.
- ^ "The Island".
- ^ "Brief Overview of Sri Lanka's Foreign Relations to Post-Independence". Foreign Ministry – Sri Lanka.
- ^ "Pak thanks Lanka for help in 1971 war". Hindustan Times. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2019.
- ^ Bowman, Martin (30 January 2016). Cold war jet combat. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473874633. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
- ^ a b Gall, Carlotta (21 January 2007). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^ "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 7 August 1999. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
- ^ "New Zealand joins NATO's counter-piracy mission Ocean Shield". NATO. 21 January 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.