1710s

The 1710s decade ran from January 1, 1710 to December 31, 1719.

Events

1710

January–March

January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin by Frederick I to form Berlin.
January 4 – Robert Balfour, 5th Lord Balfour of Burleigh, two days before he is due to be executed for murder, escapes from the Edinburgh Tolbooth by exchanging clothes with his sister.
February 17 – Mauritius, a Dutch colony since 1638, is abandoned by the Dutch.
February 28 (Swedish calendar) February 27 (Julian). March 10 (Gregorian) – Battle of Helsingborg: Fourteen thousand Danish invaders, under Jørgen Rantzau, are decisively defeated by an equally large Swedish army, under Magnus Stenbock.
March 1 – The Sacheverell riots start in London with an attack on an elegant Presbyterian meeting-house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, followed by riots through the West End of London.
March 6 – The ancient Roman Pillar of the Boatmen is found during the construction of a crypt under the nave of Notre-Dame de Paris.

April–June

April 5 – Pylyp Orlyk, a Cossack of Ukraine, is elected as the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and immediately issues the Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host.
April 10 – The world's first copyright legislation, Britain's Statute of Anne, becomes effective.^[1]
April 19 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain, meets the Four Mohawk Kings.^[2]
April 18 – Thomas Hancorne gives the county of Swansea's assize sermon, "The right way to honour and happiness" in which he espouses his High Church beliefs.
May 6 – The South Sea Company begins.^[3]
May 12 – Battle of Sirhind: An army of 70,000 Sikh rebels, led by Banda Singh Bahadur defeat a force of 25,000 Mughal Empire troops commanded by General Wazir Khan, who is killed in the combat. The battle takes place near Sirhind in what is now the Indian state of Punjab.^[4]
June 8 – The Tuscarora nation sends a petition to the Province of Pennsylvania, protesting the seizure of their lands and enslavement of their people, by citizens of the Province of Carolina.
June 16 – Köprülüzade Numan Pasha becomes the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.
June 24 – In the Isle of Man, Manx coins become legal tender.
June – Protestant Swiss and German Palatines, under the leadership of Christoph von Graffenried, travel to Bath County in the Province of Carolina. The settlers displace the native town of Chattoka and found New Bern, named for von Graffenried's hometown of Bern in Switzerland.

July–September

July 27 – The Battle of Almenar takes place in the Iberian theatre of the War of the Spanish Succession.
August 2 – British Royal Navy 90-gun ship HMS Vanguard is relaunched from Chatham; Vanguard sank in Chatham Dockyard in the Great Storm of 1703, but was raised in 1704 for rebuilding.
August 20 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Saragossa: The Spanish-Bourbon army, commanded by the Marquis de Bay, is soundly defeated by the forces of the Habsburg monarchy, under Guido Starhemberg and their allies.^[5]
August 24 – Total eclipse of the sun is visible at 36°30′S 105°06′W / 36.5°S 105.1°W / -36.5; -105.1.
September 7 – In Jonathan Swift's satirical Gulliver's Travels, fictional Gulliver sets off on his fourth and final journey, a voyage to the Land of the Houyhnhnms.
September 26 – Great Northern War – Capitulation of Livonia: the Swedish garrison in Riga surrenders, ending Swedish rule in modern Latvia.

October–December

October – The start of the Mascate War (aka the War of the Peddlers) between two rival mercantile groups the Zillioto family and the Astrid family in colonial Brazil.
October 4 – Great Northern War – the Battle of Køge Bay between Denmark and Norway has an indecisive outcome.
October 5 – October 13 British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.
October 10 – Great Northern War – Capitulation of Estonia: the Swedish garrison in Reval (Tallinn) surrenders, ending Swedish rule in Estonia.
October 11 – The Battle of Rahon is fought between Sikhs and Mughal Empire.
October 13 – Queen Anne's War – Siege of Port Royal: The French surrender, giving the British permanent possession of Nova Scotia.
November 30 – The first visit to the Pacific islands of Palau is made by a Jesuit expedition led by Francisco Padilla; unfortunately, the ship is driven to Mindanao by a storm, leaving two priests stranded.
December 8 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Brihuega: An outnumbered British force under James Stanhope is forced to surrender.
December 10
- War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Villaviciosa: The indecisive battle between retreating Austrian-Dutch forces and a Franco-Spanish army is fought out.
- The Battle of Lohgarh takes place between Sikh forces and the Mughal army.

Date unknown

In Sweden, the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala is founded as the Collegium curiosorum.
Explorer Juan Arias Diaz becomes the first non-Incan visitor to Choquequirao, an Inca site in Peru.
John Smithwick begins brewing Smithwick's ale at Kilkenny, Ireland (St. Francis Abbey Brewery).^[6]
Alexis Littré, in his treatise Diverses observations anatomiques,^[7] is the first physician to suggest the possibility of performing a lumbar colostomy for an obstruction of the colon.
Jacob Christoph Le Blon, working in Amsterdam, invents a three-color printing process with red, blue, and yellow plates, a precursor of the modern CMYK printing process.

1711

January–March

January – Cary's Rebellion: The Lords Proprietor appoint Edward Hyde to replace Thomas Cary, as the governor of the North Carolina portion of the Province of Carolina. Hyde's policies are deemed hostile to Quaker interests, leading former governor Cary and his Quaker allies to take up arms against the province.^[8]
January 24 – The first performance of Francesco Gasparini's most famous opera Tamerlano takes place at the Teatro San Cassiano in Venice.^[9]
February – French settlers at Fort Louis de la Mobile celebrate Mardi Gras in Mobile (Alabama), by parading a large papier-mache ox head on a cart (the first Mardi Gras parade in America).^[10]
February 3 – A total lunar eclipse occurs, at 12:31 UT.
February 24
- Thomas Cary, after declaring himself Governor of North Carolina, sails an armed brigantine up the Chowan River, to attack Governor Hyde's forces fortified at Colonel Thomas Pollock's plantation. The attack fails, and Cary's forces retreat.^[11]
- Rinaldo by George Frideric Handel, the first Italian opera written for the London stage, premieres at the Queen's Theatre, Haymarket.^[12]
March 1 – The Spectator is founded by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele in London.^[13]

April–June

April 3 – Clipperton Island is rediscovered by Frenchmen Martin de Chassiron and Michel Du Bocage, who draws up the first map and claims the island for France. The island had been discovered by Alvaro Saavedra Cedrón in 1528.
April 5 (Easter Sunday) – The central tower of Elgin Cathedral in northeast Scotland collapses.^[14]
April 13 – The Treaty of the Lutsk, a secret agreement between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Protectorate of Moldavia is signed in Lutsk, Poland-Lithuania (modern-day Ukraine).
April 17 – Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor dies, opening the way for the succession of his brother Charles VI. This complicates the ongoing War of the Spanish Succession as Charles is one of the two candidates for the Spanish throne, backed by the Grand Alliance.
April 29 – A rabid wolf fatally injures two shepherds in Roncà, North Italy; it also attacks livestock.
May – Alexander Pope publishes the poem An Essay on Criticism in London.
May 25 – In Denmark, Helsingør is put under military blockade to prevent an outbreak of plague from spreading to Copenhagen; this year about one third of Helsingør's population is killed by the disease.^[15]
June 18 – King Louis XIV becomes the longest-reigning monarch in the world, surpassing the previous record of 68 years set by Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal in 683. As of 2022, Louis XIV still holds this record.

July–September

July 2 – Cary's Rebellion: Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood of Virginia dispatches a company of Royal Marines to assist Governor Hyde. After hearing of this, Cary's troops abandon all of their fortifications along the Pamlico River. Cary and many of his supporters are soon caught and sent to England as prisoners, ending Cary's Rebellion.^[16]
July 11 – The town of São Paulo, Brazil, is elevated to city status.
July 21 – The Treaty of the Pruth is signed between the Ottoman Empire and Russia, ending the Pruth River Campaign.^[17]
July 29 – Total lunar eclipse at 17:50 UT.
August 1 – The Dutch East India Company trading ship Zuytdorp leaves the Netherlands on an ill-fated voyage to Indonesia bearing a load of freshly minted silver coins. The wreck site remains unknown until the mid-20th century, on a remote part of the Western Australian coast between Kalbarri and Shark Bay.
August 7 – Capture of the galleon San Joaquin: Spanish galleon San Joaquin in a treasure fleet sailing from Cartagena de Indias (modern-day Colombia) to Spain surrenders after an engagement with five British ships.
August 9 – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough with an army of 30,000 besieges Bouchain in the War of the Spanish Succession. The siege lasts 34 days and results in the last major victory for Churchill.
August 11 – The first horse race is held at the newly founded Ascot Racecourse, which becomes one of the leading racecourses in England.
August 13 – Tamachi Raisinhji becomes Jam Sahib (ruling prince) of Nawanagar State in Gujarat, India.
August 14 – The inauguration of the newly built Cathedral of the Assumption takes place in Gozo, Malta.
August 22 – The Quebec Expedition, a British attempt to attack Quebec as part of Queen Anne's War, fails when 8 of its ships are wrecked in the Saint Lawrence River and 890 people, mostly soldiers, drown.
September 8 – The South Sea Company receives a Royal Charter in Britain.^[18]
September 10 (also dated September 12) – John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenried, two African American slaves and two Native Americans leave on an exploration expedition from New Bern, North Carolina, and travel north by canoe up the Neuse River.
September 14 (approximate date) – Tuscarora natives capture John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenried and their expeditionary party, and bring them to Catechna.
September 16 (approximate date) – Tuscarora natives kill Lawson. Von Graffenried and one African American slave are known to have been set free.
September 18 – Bishop Bogusław Gosiewski sells the town of Maladzyechna in the Minsk Region of Belarus to the mighty Ogiński family.
September 22 – The Tuscarora War begins when Tuscarora natives under the command of Chief Hancock raid settlements along the south bank of the Pamlico River, within the Province of Carolina (modern-day North Carolina), killing around 130 people.

October–December

October 7 – HMS Feversham is wrecked on Scaterie Island, Nova Scotia with the loss of 102 lives.
October 11 – Panic kills 241 people in the stampede on the Guillottière bridge in France near Lyon. Revelers returning from a festival on the other side of the Rhône river are blocked by from crossing after a collision between a carriage and a cart. At least 25 fall off the bridge and into the river, while 216 are trampled by people behind them.^[19]
October 14
- Yostos kills Tewoflos, becoming Emperor of Ethiopia.
- Woodes Rogers returns to England after a successful round-the-world privateering cruise against Spain, carrying loot worth £150,000.
October 16 – Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts is established in Brussels.
November 5 – The southwest spire of Southwell Minster in Nottinghamshire, England is struck by lightning, resulting in a fire that spreads to the nave and tower, destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ.
November 7 – The Dutch East India Company ship Liefde runs aground and sinks off Out Skerries, Shetland, with the loss of all but one of her 300 crew.
December 5 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Wismar results in a Danish victory over Swedish forces.
December 7 – In the Parliament of Great Britain the Earl of Nottingham successfully proposes a "No Peace Without Spain" amendment.
December 8 – The Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Comayagua in Honduras, one of the oldest cathedrals in Central America, is inaugurated.
December 12 – A constitution is approved for the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, which had been founded in 1690.
December 13 – Wall Street in New York City becomes the city's first official slave market for the sale and rental of enslaved Africans and Indians.
December 15 – The Old Pummerin, a massive bell cast from 208 captured cannons, is consecrated by Bishop Franz Ferdinand Freiherr von Rummel in preparation for its installation in St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna (the Stephansdom).
December 25 – The rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral in London to a design by Sir Christopher Wren is declared complete by Parliament; Old St Paul's had been destroyed by the 1666 Great Fire of London.

Date unknown

John Shore invents the tuning fork.
Luigi Ferdinando Marsili shows that coral is an animal rather than a plant as previously thought.

1712

January–March

January 8 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from 60°36′S 49°12′E / 60.6°S 49.2°E / -60.6; 49.2
January 12 – The premiere of the opera Idoménée by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
January 16 – A military engineering school is established in Moscow which is to become the A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy.
January 26 – The Old Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the Stephansdom, St. Stephen's Cathedral, in Vienna, is rung for the first time to mark the entry of Charles VI to Vienna from Frankfurt after his coronation as Emperor. It takes a quarter-hour for 16 men pulling on the bell rope to swing the heavy bell back-and-forth enough for the clapper to strike; the resulting forces endanger the tower so the architect orders that in future the bell be rung only by pulling its clapper.
February 10 – Huilliche uprising of 1712: Huilliche people in Chile's Chiloé Archipelago rise up against Spanish encomenderos as vengeance for perceived injustices.
Early March – Start of the Cassard expedition, a sea voyage by French Navy captain Jacques Cassard during which he ransacks Santiago in the Cape Verde Islands and pillages Montserrat, Antigua, Surinam, Berbice, Essequibo, St. Eustatius and Curaçao, returning to France with loot worth over nine million francs.
March 3 – Scottish Episcopalians Act 1711 comes into effect, leading to incorporation of the Scottish Episcopal Church.
March 11 (February 30 Swedish Style, February 29 on the Julian calendar) – Sweden temporarily adopts the rare February 30, as a day to adjust the Swedish Calendar back to the Julian calendar.
March 15 – HMS Dragon, a 38-gun fourth rate frigate of the British Royal Navy, is wrecked on Les Casquets rocks to the west of Alderney.^[20]
March 30 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain administers the Royal touch (a ritual with the intent to cure illness) for the last time; 300 scrofulous people are touched, the last of whom is Samuel Johnson.

April –June

April 6–7 – New York Slave Revolt of 1712: An insurrection in New York City results in nine whites being killed, and 21 slaves and other blacks being convicted and executed.
April 11 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Fladstrand takes place at sea near Fladstrand, Jylland, between Swedish and Danish forces.
May 15 – Curuguaty in Paraguay is founded by Juan Gregorio de Bazán y Pedraza on the banks of the Curuguaty River.
May 19 – Peter the Great moves the capital of Russia from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.^[21]
May 22 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned King of Hungary.
June 5 – Reus in Catalonia, Spain is given the title of imperial city by Elisabeth Christine, wife of Archduke Charles.
June 10 – Kurtkulağı Caravanserai in Adana Province, Turkey, is restored and 50 soldiers are appointed to guard it.
June 11 – Chatham, Barnstable County, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.
June 17 – The newly built St Ann's Church, Manchester, England, is consecrated by the Bishop of Chester.

July–September

July 8 – The British Royal Navy 50-gun ship HMS Advice is launched at Deptford Dockyard.
July 20 – Jesus College, Oxford, England, inherits the extensive library of its Principal Jonathan Edwards on his death.
July 24
- Battle of Denain: The French defeat a combined Dutch-Austrian force.
- Battle of Villmergen: The Reformed cantons of Switzerland defeat the Catholic cantons.
August 1 – The Stamp Act of 1712 is passed in the United Kingdom, imposing a tax on publishers, particularly of newspapers.
August 11 – The Peace of Aarau is signed by Catholics and Protestants, ending the Toggenburg War and establishing Protestant dominance in Switzerland, while preserving the rights of Catholics.
August 23 – The British Royal Navy 60-gun ship HMS Rippon is launched at Deptford Dockyard.
September – Composer George Frideric Handel re-locates to London with the permission of his patron, the future King George I of Great Britain.^[22]
September 8 – A severe hurricane buffets Bermuda for eight hours, destroying most of the churches.

October–December

October 3 – In Scotland a warrant is issued for the arrest of outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor by Sir James Stewart (Lord Advocate).^[23]
October 31 – King Philip V of Spain establishes the Biblioteca Nacional de España as the Palace Public Library (Biblioteca Pública de Palacio) in Madrid.
November 4 – The Bandbox Plot aims to kill British Lord Treasurer Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford but is foiled by Jonathan Swift (author of Gulliver’s Travels).
November 22 – The first performance of George Frideric Handel's opera Il pastor fido takes place at the Queen's Theatre in the Haymarket, London.
December 7 – The charter of Buchach Monastery in Ukraine, founded by Stefan Aleksander Potocki and his wife Joanna née Sieniawska, is signed in Lublin.
December 20 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Gadebusch is Sweden's final great victory in the war, preventing the loss of the city of Stralsund to Danish and Saxon forces.
December 27 – The premiere of the opera Callirhoé by André Cardinal Destouches takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
December 28 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from 21°30′S 159°00′E / 21.5°S 159.0°E / -21.5; 159.0

Date unknown

The first known working Newcomen steam engine is built by Thomas Newcomen with John Calley, to pump water out of mines in the Black Country of England, the first device to make practical use of the power of steam to produce mechanical work.^[24]
After many years of settlement, the Town on Queen Anne's Creek is established as a courthouse for Chowan County, North Carolina. The town is renamed Edenton in 1720, and incorporated in 1722.
The VOC Zuytdorp is wrecked off the coast of Western Australia.
John Arbuthnot creates the character of John Bull to represent Britain.
A translation of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer into Irish, made by John Richardson (1664–1747), is published.^[25]

1713

January–March

January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take refuge in Fort Reading, on the Pamlico River.
February 1 – Skirmish at Bender, Moldova: Charles XII of Sweden is defeated by the Ottoman Empire.
February 4 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia under Colonel James Moore leaves Fort Reading, to continue the campaign against the Tuscarora.
February 25 – Frederick William I of Prussia begins his reign.
March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock.
March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka.
March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the Machapunga and Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against North Carolina.
March 27 – First Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain: Philip V is accepted by Britain and Austria as king of Spain; Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain.^[12]^[26]

April–June

April 11 – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession.^[27] France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.^[12]
April 14 – First performance, in London, of Joseph Addison's libertarian play Cato, a Tragedy, which will be influential on both sides of the Atlantic.^[28]
April 19 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, to ensure one of his daughters will inherit the Habsburg lands.
May 1 – As part of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Spanish Crown agrees the Asiento de Negros with Anne, Queen of Great Britain, granting a subsidiary of the British South Sea Company, the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, a 30-year monopoly in the supply of African slaves to colonial Spanish America.^[29]
May 2 – In the Great Northern War, a fleet of the Russian Navy, transporting 12,000 soldiers, sails from Kronstadt to attack the Swedish Army at Helsinki.
May 6 – The Parliament of Ireland is dissolved by Queen Anne and new elections are set.
May 13 – King Philip V of Spain issues an auto accordado that changes the order of succession for the Spanish throne allowing a female descendant within the House of Bourbon to rule. The change will allow his great-great-granddaughter to ascend the throne in 1833 as Queen Isabella II.
May 17 – Ottone in villa, the first opera by composer Antonio Vivaldi, is given its initial performance, debuting at the Teatro delle Grazie in Vicenza
May 21 – Great Northern War: The Russian fleet lands a force of 10,000 men at Pernå on the southern coast of Finland.
June 1 (approx.) – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia into the Pamlico Peninsula to defeat the Machapunga and Coree tribes.
June 23 – French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Great Britain, or leave Nova Scotia.

July–September

July 9 – The Junta de Braços (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia votes in favour of staying in the War of the Spanish Succession against Philip V of Spain. Army of Catalonia raised.
July 13 – The Treaty of Portsmouth brings an end to Queen Anne's War.
August 8 – The Parliament of Great Britain, third since the Act of Union, is dissolved
August 22 – Voting begins in the 1713 British general election in various constituencies and continues to November 12
September 1 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia, led by Colonel James Moore, returns to South Carolina, after mixed success in the campaign against the Machapunga and Coree tribes.

October–December

October 6 – The Treaty of Schwedt is signed between Russia and Brandenburg-Prussia, with the latter accepting the annexation of Baltic territories and paying Russia expenses in return for the southern part of Pomerania, recently taken from Sweden in the Great Northern War.
October 17 – The Battle of Pälkäne is fought in what is now Finland between Russia and Sweden, with Russia's Fyodor Arpaskin forcing Finnish troops under Carl Gustaf Armfeldt to withdraw.
November 6 – The Dublin election riot breaks out during the fiercely contested Irish General Election.^[30]
November 12 – The 1713 British general election concludes with the conservative Tories winning 358 of the 558 available seats in the House of Commons, and the liberal Whigs having 200.
December 9 – As part of the agreements made at Utrecht to end the War of the Spanish Succession, Great Britain and Spain sign a treaty of commerce and navigation.^[31]
December 10 – The rebellion of Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu near Cuddalore), against the British East India Company comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor Edward Harrison to negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.
December 21 – Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy is crowned King of Sicily at Palermo, and his wife Anne Marie is crowned as Queen consort.^[32] The coronation follows Spain's recognition of Sicilian independence, effective September 22, as part of the Treaty of Utrecht.

Date unknown

Ars Conjectandi, a seminal work on probability by Jacob Bernoulli, is published eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli.
Basil Matthew II becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.^[33]
San Basilio de Palenque officially becomes the first free African town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.^[34]^[35]

1714

January–March

January 21 – After being tricked into deserting a battle against India's Mughal Empire by the rebel Sayyid brothers, Prince Azz-ud-din Mirza is blinded on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar as punishment.
February 7 – The Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes.
February 28 – (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar Peter the Great issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old.^[36]
March 2 – (February 19 old style) The Battle of Storkyro is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the command of General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt, suffer 1,600 troops killed in action while the Russians led by General Mikhail Golitsyn lose 400 men.
March 7 – The Treaty of Rastatt is signed between Austria and France, concluding the War of the Spanish Succession between them. Austria receives the Spanish territories in Italy (the Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Kingdom of Sardinia), as well as the Southern Netherlands; and from France, Freiburg and Landau. The Austrian Habsburg Empire reaches its largest territorial extent yet, with Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor succeeding Philip V of Spain, as ruler in the ceded territories.

April–June

April 11 – France signs five separate treaties— with Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia and Savoy— to end hostilities in the War of the Spanish Succession following the negotiations of the Peace of Utrecht.
April 12 – Italian Jesuit missionary Niccolò Gianpriamo is dispatched from Portugal on an evangelical trip to Asia starting with the Portuguese Indian colony of Goa, where he arrives after five months.
May 19 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain, refuses to allow members of the House of Hanover to settle in Britain during her lifetime.^[37]
May 20 – Johann Sebastian Bach leads the first performance of his cantata for Pentecost, Erschallet, ihr Lieder, BWV 172, at the chapel of Schloss Weimar.
June 3 – The city of Kassel in Germany inaugurates the summer tradition of the "water stairs" or "great cascades" (Grossen Kaskaden) emptying from the base of the Hercules monument down to the Wilhelmshöhe castle.
June 20 – In France, Henri-Charles du Cambout de Coislin, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Metz, condemns the papal bull Unigenitus, issued by Pope Clement XI against the 1671 commentary by Pasquier Quesnel of the four Gospels and inflaming the Jansenist controversy.
June 26 – Spain and the Netherlands sign a peace treaty to end hostilities between those two nations in the War of the Spanish Succession.

July–September

July 8 – Longitude prize: The Parliament of Great Britain votes "to offer a reward for such person or persons as shall discover the Longitude" (£10,000 for any method capable of determining a ship's longitude within 1 degree; £15,000, within 40 minutes, and £20,000 within ½ a degree).^[38]
July 27 – The Imperial Russian Navy gains its first important victory against the Swedish Navy in the Battle of Gangut.
August 1 – Georg Ludwig von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Elector of Hanover, becomes King George I of Great Britain and Ireland, on the death of Queen Anne. Anne's death brings an end to the reign of the House of Stuart, in that her half-brother James Francis Edward Stuart, the eldest son of James II of England, has been ineligible for the British throne based on the Act of Settlement 1701 had barred members of the Roman Catholic church from becoming monarchs. George of Hanover, as great-grandson of James I of England and a second cousin to Anne, is deemed the eldest living Protestant descendant of James I.
September 11 – War of the Spanish Succession: Barcelona is taken after a year's siege, and Catalonia surrenders to Spanish and French Bourbon armies.
September 18 – George I, the new King of Great Britain and Ireland, arrives in Britain for the first time in his life, after having departed Hannover and sailing from the Netherlands.^[39]
September 29 – The Great Hatred: the Cossacks of the Russian Empire kill about 800 people overnight on the Finnish island of Hailuoto.^[40]

October–December

October 20 – The coronation of George I of Great Britain and Ireland takes place in Westminster Abbey, a little less than three months after George became the new British monarch.^[39]
October 24 – Four Dutch investors, led by brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn, purchase the South American colony of Berbice from French mercenary Jacques Cassard, who had captured the colony from the Van Peere family.^[41] A century later, in 1815, the land is ceded to Great Britain and later merged with neighboring colonies to form what is now Guyana.
November 30 – King Philip V of Spain issues a decree reorganizing the Spanish government to create four ministries, with the Secretary of State being the chief minister, predecessor to the office of Prime Minister of Spain. José de Grimaldo becomes the first person to have the chief ministry.
December 9 – Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718): The Ottoman Empire declares war on the Republic of Venice.

Date unknown

Archbishop Tenison's School, the world's earliest surviving mixed gender school, is established by Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury, in Croydon, south of London, England.
Louis Juchereau de St. Denis establishes Fort St. Jean Baptiste, at the site of present day Natchitoches, Louisiana (the first permanent European settlement in the Louisiana Territory, after Biloxi (1699) and Mobile, Alabama (1702) were separated).
Worcester College, University of Oxford is founded (formerly Gloucester College, closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries).
Stockholm County is founded.
The river Kander (Switzerland) is redirected into Lake Thun.

1715

For dates within Great Britain and the British Empire, as well as in the Russian Empire, the "old style" Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style" Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire in 1752 and in Russia in 1923) by adding 11 days.

January–March

January 13 – A fire in London, described by some as the worst since the Great Fire of London (1666) almost 50 years earlier, starts on Thames Street when fireworks prematurely explode "in the house of Mr. Walker, an oil man"; more than 100 houses are consumed in the blaze, which continues over to Tower Street before it is controlled.^[42]
January 22 – Voting begins for the British House of Commons and continues for the next 46 days in different constituencies on different days.
February 11 – Tuscarora War: The Tuscarora and their allies sign a peace treaty with the Province of North Carolina, and agree to move to a reservation near Lake Mattamuskeet, effectively ending the Tuscarora War. Large numbers of Tuscarora subsequently move to New York.
March 9 – Voting for the British House of Commons concludes, with the liberal Whig Party winning 341 of the 558 seats, and reducing the conservative Tory Party share to 217 seats. Spencer Compton, the Earl of Wilmington, becomes the Speaker of the House of Commons.
March 14 – James Stuart, the "Old Pretender" attempting to restore the House of Stuart to control of Great Britain as King James III of England and James VIII of Scotland, meets with Pope Clement XI for the assistance of the Roman Catholic Church in the Jacobite rising.
March 27 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, flees from Great Britain to France. His part in secret negotiations with France, leading to the Treaty of Utrecht, has cast suspicion on him in the eyes of the Whig government of Britain. He becomes secretary of state to the Pretender, James Edward Stuart.^[43]

April–June

April 1 – The Battle of Gurdas Nangal begins during the Mughal-Sikh Wars in India, as the Mughal Army begins an eight-month siege of a fortress near Gurdaspur (in what is now the Punjab state), where Sikh General Banda Singh Bahadur and 1,250 of his men have fled. The siege ends on December 7 when the 750 survivors, including Banda Singh, are captured. By June 1716, most of the Sikh prisoners have been tortured, killed and executed, with Banda Singh dying on June 9.
April 15 – In the British colonial Province of South Carolina, the Yamasee Confederation launches an attack on English settlements in disputed territory on Good Friday, launching the two-year long Yamasee War. The day before, agents Thomas Nairne, William Bray and Samuel Warner had participated in peace negotiations with the Yamasee at Pocotaligo. ^[44] Bray and Warner are killed that day, while Nairne is tortured to death and dies on April 17.
April 24 – The Battle of Fehmarn takes place in the Baltic Sea as part of the Great Northern War. Ten warships of Denmark, under the command of Christian Gabel, overwhelm a force of Swedish Navy ships led by Carl Wachtmeister. By the time the battle ends the next day, five Swedish ships and 1,626 crewmen have been captured, and another 353 killed. The Danish navy suffers 65 deaths. ^[45]
May 3 – A total solar eclipse is seen across southern England, Sweden and Finland (the last total eclipse visible in London for almost 900 years). English astronomer Edmond Halley (who is using the old style Julian calendar date of April 22) records the first observation noted of the phenomenon of "Baily's beads", in which higher elevations on the moon can be observed obscuring portions of the light moments before and after totality.
May 28 – Rioting begins in England on the birthday of King George I as supporters of the Old Pretender, James of the House of Stuart, begin mass protesting against the rule of the House of Hanover, near London in the towns of Smithfield and Highgate, and the Cheapside financial district in London.
June 9 – King Philip, ruler of the Kingdom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon unifies the two governments into a single state, centralizing rule of a unified Kingdom of Spain.
June 22 – Tsar Peter I of Russia witnesses the attempt of 45 Dutch and English ships to enter the small harbor at Saint Petersburg and decides that additional harbors are necessary for Russia to be able import Western goods.
June 29 – Britain's Treason Act 1714 takes effect, providing for forfeiture to the British Crown of property owned by any person convicted of treason in the Kingdom. The Act remains in effect until June 24, 1718.

July–September

July 20 – Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18): The fall of Nauplion, the capital of the Venetian "Kingdom of the Morea", seals the fate of the Peloponnese Peninsula, which is soon completely retaken by the Ottomans.
July 24 – 1715 Treasure Fleet: A Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships, under General Don Juan Ubilla, leaves Havana, Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of Florida (some centuries later, treasure salvage is found from these wrecks).
August 31 – Old Dock, Liverpool, England, the world's first enclosed commercial wet dock (Thomas Steers, engineer), opens.^[46]^[47]
September 1 – King Louis XIV of France dies after a reign of 72 years, leaving his throne to his 5 year old great-grandson Louis XV. Philippe d'Orléans, the nephew of Louis XIV, serves as Regent.
September 6 – The first major Jacobite rising in Scotland against the rule of King George I of Great Britain breaks out. The Earl of Mar raises the standard of James Edward Stuart, and marches on Edinburgh. James, the son of the deposed King James VII, arrives from France.
September 14 – Less than two weeks after King Louis XIV's death, Daniel Voysin de la Noiraye, France's Secretary of State for War since 1709, steps down at the request of the new regent, the Duke of Orleans.

October–December

October 2 – During the rebellion in Great Britain by supporters of the Pretender to the Throne, James Stuart, the Jacobites raid the Scottish parish of Burntisland, capture an arsenal of weapons, and begin an occupation of the area on October 9 in the name of Stuart as King James VIII of Scotland.
October 11 – William Aislabie resigns as the British East India Company's administrator of Bombay and the company's territories and is replaced at year's end by Charles Boone.
October 12
- William Mackintosh of Borlum, leader of the Jacobite rising against Great Britain, lands with 1,500 men in Scotland after crossing the Firth of Forth from France.
- Baron Onslow resigns as Great Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer and is replaced by future Prime Minister Robert Walpole.
October 28 – The Treaty of Greifswald is signed between Russia and the Electorate of Hanover, with George I of Great Britain and Hanover agreeing to Russia's annexation of Swedish Ingria and Estonia, and Hanover claiming the Bremen-Verden Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden.
November 13 – Jacobite rising in Scotland – Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain, led by John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll, halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.^[48]
November 14 – Battle of Preston: Government forces defeat the Jacobite incursion, at the conclusion of a five-day siege and action.
November 15 – The Third Barrier Treaty is signed by Britain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic.^[49]
November 28 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees, in Majorca and the other Balearic Islands (formerly under the Crown of Aragon), bring them under the laws of the Crown of Castile.
December 22 – James Edward Stuart rejoins Jacobite rebels in Scotland,^[43] but fails to rouse his army.

Date unknown

Karlsruhe Palace is built, resulting in the town of Karlsruhe growing up around it.
The ancient right to evaluate royal decrees publicly, before they are given the force of law by the Parlement of Paris, is restored.
Filippo Juvarra starts working on the previously postponed construction of the church of Santa Christina in Turin.
Filippo Juvarra starts rebuilding the church of San Filippo Neri, Turin, in which the roof had collapsed, during the siege of Turin, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
Coffee is first grown in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.^[50]
Around this year, a breech loading firearm is made for Philip V of Spain.

1716

January–March

January 16 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia make it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, and abolishes the Principality of Catalonia as a political entity, concluding the unification of Spain under Philip V.^[51]
January 27 – The Tugaloo massacre changes the course of the Yamasee War, allying the Cherokee nation with the British province of South Carolina against the Creek Indian nation. ^[52]
January 28 – The town of Crieff, Scotland, is burned to the ground by Jacobites returning from the Battle of Sheriffmuir. ^[53] ^[54]
February 3 – The 1716 Algiers earthquake sequence began with an M_w  7.0 mainshock that caused severe damage and killed 20,000 in Algeria.^[55]
February 10 – James Edward Stuart flees from Scotland to France with a handful of supporters, following the failure of the Jacobite rising of 1715.
February 24 – Jacobite leaders James Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Derwentwater and William Gordon, 6th Viscount of Kenmure are executed in London.^[56]
March 6 – At night, an aurora borealis was seen throughout Europe, from Ireland to Italy.^[57]^[58]
March 8 – King Charles XII of Sweden leads an invasion of Norway, crossing the border at Basmo, near the modern-day town of Marker.
March 10 – Simon Fraser, a former Scottish rebel who had helped end the Siege of Inverness during the first Jacobite rising, is given a pardon by King George I of Great Britain. ^[59]
March 18 – Italian Jesuit missionary Ippolito Desideri arrives in Lhasa to become one of the first Europeans to attempt to bring Christianity to Buddhist Tibet. ^[60]
March 23 – Jeremias III becomes the new Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian Church.

April–June

April 13 – Austria, ruled by King Charles VI, renews its alliance with the Republic of Venice, leading the Ottoman Empire, ruled by Ahmed III, to declare war.
May 20 – John Law founds the Banque Générale Privée in Paris.^[61]
May 26 – Two regular companies of field artillery, each 100 men strong, are raised at Woolwich, by Royal Warrant of King George I of Great Britain.
May 28 – John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, suffers a paralytic stroke.
June 9 – In India, 600 imprisoned members of the failed Sikh Khalsa rebellion against the Mughal Empire are executed on orders of the Emperor Farrukhsiyar.^[62] Banda Singh Bahadur, leader of the rebellion, is brutally tortured and mutilated before being killed.^[63]
June 19 – The new Tokugawa Shogun of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshimune, assumes control of the monarchy's military after the illness and death of the six-year-old Ietsugu, last of the male descendants of Tokugawa Ieyasu.^[64] Yoshimune's ascendancy begins Year 1 of the Kyōhō Era, which continues until Year 21 in 1736.
June 25 – With the Holy Roman Empire having been ceded the "Southern Netherlands" (now Belgium) from Spain, Prince Eugene of Savoy arrives in Brussels as the first Governor-General of the Austrian Netherlands. Eugene soon returns home and leaves administration of the area to a dictatorial Hercule-Louis Turinetti.^[65]

July–September

July 5 – Prince Ernest Augustus is created Duke of York and Albany, in the peerage of Great Britain.
July 8 – The Battle of Dynekilen: The Swedish fleet is defeated by a Danish–Norwegian fleet.
July 8–August 21 – Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Empire unsuccessfully lays siege to Corfu, the last bastion of the Republic of Venice in the Greek islands.^[66]
August 3 – Natchez, one of the oldest towns on the Mississippi River, is founded by French civilians at the site of Fort Rosalie. ^[67]
August 4 – George Seton, 5th Earl of Winton, under sentence of death for his part in the Jacobite rising of 1715, escapes from the Tower of London and flees into exile on the continent.
August 5 – Battle of Petrovaradin: 83,300 Austrian troops of Prince Eugene of Savoy defeat 150,000 Ottoman Turks under Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (who is killed).
August 24 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, returns from Italy.
September 15 – "Maria", an African slave of the Dutch West India Company on the Caribbean island of Curaçao, murders the plantation overseer, Christiaan Muller, then leads a rebellion, killing Muller's family and much of the white staff on the company's plantation. The uprising is suppressed after 10 days, and Maria is later executed by burning at the stake on November 9. ^[68]
September 26 – Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, eldest son of the Tsar Peter the Great and heir to the throne, flees from Saint Petersburg with his mistress, Efrosinya Fedorova, along with her brother and three servants. After spending more than a year in Austria, he returns to Russia where he is arrested and dies in prison in 1718. ^[69] ^[70]

October–December

October 12 – During the war between the Habsburg Empire ruling Austria and the Ottoman Empire ruling Turkey, the six week siege of the fortified city of Temeşvar is surrendered by the Turks to the Austrians. Under a flag of truce, the Turks are permitted to depart but have to leave behind their artillery as they give up their claim to Hungary. Austro-Hungarian rule lasts until World War One, and in 1919, the city of Timișoara becomes part of the Kingdom of Romania.
November 1 – Two new laws go into effect in the Highlands of Scotland to prevent a threat to Britain's ruling House of Hanover by the Jacobites who supported the restoration of the House of Stuart. The Disarming Act requires government authorization to carry swords and firearms, and the amendments to the Treason Act 1714 permit trials for treason to take place in any court in England, regardless of where the crime was committed.
December 4 – Fifty people are killed, and 150 houses burned, when a fire breaks out in Wapping, London. The blaze comes two days after a fire at the Spring Gardens at St. James's, London, which destroyed the French Chapel there and which was put out by several rescuers, including the future King George II.^[71]
December 12 – Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend, is demoted from his office as Secretary of State for the Northern Department in the British government, and replaced by James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope. This is a move towards the Whig Split of 1717.

Date unknown

English pirate Edward Teach (Blackbeard) is given command of a sloop in the Bahamas.^[72]
Tsar Peter the Great of Russia studies with the physician Herman Boerhaave, at Leiden University.
The Kangxi Dictionary is published, laying the foundation of most references to Han characters studied today.

1717

January–March

January 1 – Count Carl Gyllenborg, the Swedish ambassador to the Kingdom of Great Britain, is arrested in London over a plot to assist the Pretender to the British throne, James Francis Edward Stuart.^[73]
January 4 (December 24, 1716 Old Style) – The kingdoms of Great Britain, France and the Dutch Republic sign the Triple Alliance,^[73] in an attempt to maintain the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Britain having signed a preliminary alliance with France on November 28 (November 17) 1716.
February 1 – The Silent Sejm, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, marks the beginning of the Russian Empire's increasing influence and control over the Commonwealth.
February 6 – Following the treaty between France and Britain, the Pretender James Stuart leaves France, and seeks refuge with Pope Clement XI.^[74]^[73]
February 26–March 6 – What becomes the northeastern United States is paralyzed by a series of blizzards that bury the region.
March 2 – Dancer John Weaver performs in the first ballet in Britain, shown at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, The Loves of Mars and Venus.
March 31 – Benjamin Hoadly, Bishop of Bangor, brings the Bangorian Controversy within the Church of England into the open by delivering a sermon to, and supposedly at the request of, King George I of Great Britain, on The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ with the text "My kingdom is not of this world" (John 18:36), concluding there is no Biblical justification for church government.^[75]

April–June

April 26 – The Whydah Gally, flagship of "Black Sam" Bellamy, is wrecked in a storm off Wellfleet, Massachusetts. The Whydah sinks with a reputed 4+1⁄2 tons of treasure on board, and all but two of her crew are lost, including Bellamy.
May 27 – Spain creates the Viceroyalty of New Granada in South America from the northern section of the Viceroyalty of Peru.^[76] The viceroyalty, with a capital at Bogota, later declares independence and splits up into what are now the nations of Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
June 24 – The Premier Grand Lodge of England, the Modern and first Free-Masonic Grand Lodge (which merges with the Ancient Grand Lodge of England in 1813 to form the United Grand Lodge of England), is founded in London.

July–September

July 17 – Water Music by George Frederick Handel is first performed, on a Thames barge in London,
August 17 – The month-long Siege of Belgrade ends, with Prince Eugene of Savoy's Austrian troops capturing the city from the Ottoman Empire.
August 22 – Spanish troops arrive on the island of Sardinia, at this time a part of the Holy Roman Empire, beginning the conquest of the island, completed by October 30.
September 5 – King George I of Great Britain issues the "Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates in the West Indies", an offer of amnesty to pirates, declaring that any pirates who surrender themselves to the government of Britain or one of its overseas territories, on or before September 5, 1718, "shall have Our Gracious Pardon of and for his or their Piracy or Piracies" committed before January 5, 1718. The amnesty is later extended to July 1, 1719.^[77]
September 21 – The first known Druid revival ceremony is held by John Toland at Primrose Hill, in London, at the Autumnal Equinox, to found the Mother Grove, what will later become the Ancient Order of Druids.
September 29 – Guatemala earthquake: A 7.4 magnitude earthquake strikes Antigua Guatemala, destroying much of the city, and making authorities consider moving the capital of Guatemala to a different location.

October–December

October 9 – King Philip V of Spain orders the closure of all universities in Catalonia, including the historic Estudi General de Lleida.^[78]
October 16 – Antonio Vivaldi's opera Tieteberga is performed for the first time, premiering at the Teatro San Moisè in Venice
October 18 – Trial begins in Boston for six pirates who had survived the April 26 wreck of Samuel Bellamy's ships Whydah and the Mary Anne. Five of them (John Brown, Hendrick Quintor, Thomas Baker, Peter Cornelius Hoof and John Shuan) are convicted on October 22 of piracy and robbery and hanged on November 15.^[79]
October 30 – The Spanish conquest of Sardinia, at this time part of the Holy Roman Empire, is finished two months after Spanish forces had landed on the island on August 22, as the last Sardinian outpost, Castelsardo, surrenders.^[80]
November 28 – Pirates led by Edward Teach, more popularly referred to as "Blackbeard", and Benjamin Hornigold capture the French slave transport Concorde near island of Saint Vincent the West Indies.^[81] Blackbeard renames the vessel Queen Anne's Revenge, adds to its armaments, and makes it his flagship.^[82] Hornigold soon accepts a British amnesty for all pirates, and Blackbeard teams up with Stede Bonnet and begins plundering ships approaching North American ports.
December 9 (November 29, O.S.) – King George I of Great Britain banishes his son and daughter-in-law, George, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Ansbach, from the royal household after the Prince threatens the King's personal assistant, the Duke of Newcastle, the royal Lord Chamberlain. The altercation takes place at the baptismal ceremony for the Prince's newborn son, George William.
December 24–25 – Christmas flood: A disastrous flood hits the North Sea coast, between the Netherlands and Denmark; thousands die or lose their houses.

Date unknown

The 1717 Omani invasion of Bahrain removes the control of Persia over the Arabian kingdom ofBahrain..
François-Marie Arouet is sentenced to imprisonment in the Bastille for eleven months, because of a satirical verse against the Régent of France and his infamous daughter Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, who is hiding an illegitimate pregnancy and soon to give birth;^[83] Arouet will emerge with the pseudonym Voltaire and the completed text of his first play, Œdipe.
The Tatar invasions in Transylvania devastate many towns, including Cavnic, Sighet and Dej.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, wife of the British ambassador to Istanbul, has her son inoculated.
The Casa de Contratación (House of Trade) is set up in Cádiz.
Maharaja Pamheiba of Manipur is converted to Hinduism by Shantidas Goswami, and decrees it to be the official religion of his state.
Most recent rupture of New Zealand's Alpine Fault, with an earthquake estimated to have had a magnitude between 7.8 and 8.1.
The Charleville musket enters service in France.
Thomas Fairchild, a nurseryman at Hoxton in the East End of London, becomes the first person to produce a successful scientific plant hybrid, Dianthus Caryophyllus barbatus, known as Fairchild's Mule.^[84]
Murshid Quli Khan declares himself the first Nawab of the Bengal Subah. The Nawabs of Bengal will effectively function as near-sovereign rulers of Bengal while being nominally loyal to the Mughal Empire.^[85]

1718

January – March

January 7 – In India, Sufi rebel leader Shah Inayat Shaheed from Sindh who had led attacks against the Mughal Empire, is beheaded days after being tricked into meeting with the Mughals to discuss peace. ^[86]
January 17 – Jeremias III reclaims his role as the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, chief leader within the Eastern Orthodox Church, 16 days after the Metropolitan Cyril IV of Pruoza had engineered an election to become the Patriarch. ^[87]
February 14 – The reign of Victor Amadeus over the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg (now within the state of Saxony-Anhalt in northeastern Germany) ends after 61 years and 7 months. He had ascended the throne on September 22, 1656. He is succeeded by his son Karl Frederick.
February 21 – Manuel II (Mpanzu a Nimi) becomes the new monarch of the Kingdom of Kongo (located in western Africa in present day Angola) when King Pedro IV (Nusamu a Mvemba) dies after a reign of 22 years. Manuel reigns until 1743. ^[88]
March 12 – Anton Florian becomes the new Prince of Liechtenstein, succeeding Joseph Wenzel
March 13 – Daniel Overbeek becomes the new Dutch Governor of Ceylon (now the nation of Sri Lanka), arriving after a 10-month sea voyage from the Netherlands.
March 18 – Edward Wortley Montagu, the four-year-old son of the British Ambassador to Turkey, becomes the first British person to be inoculated with the smallpox vaccine, administered by Dr. Charles Maitland at the request of Edward's mother, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. ^[89]
March 20 – The Privy Council of the United Kingdom, at the time the British Government prior to the creation of the officer of Prime Minister, is reorganized, with a reorganized Second Stanhope–Sunderland ministry. Secretary of State for the Northern Department Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of Sunderland succeeds James Stanhope as the new First Lord of the Treasury, and Stanhope takes Sunderland's job.

April – June

April 4 – Great Britain, France and the Dutch Republic agree on the phasing out of the authority of the House of Medici over the semi-independent Grand Duchy of Tuscany by declaring that Gian Gastone de' Medici will be the last of the Medici family to rule the Italian duchy and that Spain's House of Borbón will eventually control the Tuscan monarchy. Don Carlos of Spain, the two-year old son of King Philip V, is designated as the eventual heir, despite the objections of the 75-year old Grand Duke, Cosimo III de' Medici. ^[90]
May 1 – San Antonio is founded by Father Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares with the construction of the initial Mission San Antonio de Valero.
May 7 – The settlement of New Orleans is founded in New France.^[91]
May 22 – Sailing the Queen Anne's Revenge English pirate Edward Teach ("Blackbeard") leads 400 sailors in four ships, and blockades the port of Charleston, South Carolina for an entire week, plundering all arriving ships.^[92] After their departure, Queen Anne's Revenge and Adventure are both lost at Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina; a week later. Blackbeard allows Stede Bonnet to command the Revenge (which is renamed the Royal James) once again. Bonnet rescues 25 sailors abandoned by Blackbeard on a sandbar and continues his life of piracy.
June 3 – Pirates "Blackbeard" and Stede Bonnet accidentally run aground in the ship Queen Anne's Revenge after sailing into Topsail Inlet in the British colony of North Carolina. Learning of the royal pardon available to all pirates who surrender before September 5, Teach negotiates a settlement with Colonial Governor Charles Eden for a pardon for himself, Bonnet and the rest of his crew in return for the Governor receiving some of the pirates' plunder. ^[93]
June 16 – The Treaty of Baden is signed, ending the Toggenburg War.
June 19 – A 7.5 earthquake shakes Tongwei County in China, killing 73,000 people.

July–September

July 21 – The Treaty of Passarowitz, ending the Austro-Turkish War, is signed.
July 25 – At the behest of Tsar Peter the Great, the construction of Kadriorg Palace, dedicated to his wife Catherine, began in Tallinn.^[94]
August 11 – Battle of Cape Passaro: a Spanish fleet is defeated by the British Royal Navy under Admiral George Byng, off Capo Passero, Sicily, a prelude to the War of the Quadruple Alliance.
September 10 – In France, Armande Félice de La Porte Mazarin and the Vicomtesse de Polignac, both mistresses of the Duc de Richelieu, fight a duel with pistols at the Bois de Boulogne near Paris. Lady Mazarin, who had initiated the duel, is wounded in the shoulder and both survive. Richelieu, though impressed by the willingness of the ladies to fight over his affections, comments Je ne sacrifierai pas un de mes cheveux, ni à l’une, ni à l’autre ("I will not sacrifice anything, not to one, nor to the other.") ^[95]
September 27 – The Battle of Cape Fear River begins as pirate Stede Bonnet and his crew on the Royal James are confronted in North Carolina by Colonel William Rhett and the ships Henry and Sea Nymph.
September – In Tibet, forces of the Tibetan Dzungar Khanate destroys an advancing expedition of the Chinese Imperial Army, under the command of General Erentei, in the Battle of the Salween River.

October –December

October 3 – Stede Bonnet and his crew are captured near the mouth of the Cape Fear River and taken to Charleston, South Carolina, where they are tried for piracy. All but four are found guilty and sentenced to death (with 22 hanged on November 8), but Bonnet escapes from prison on October 24.
October 31 – The Mughal Emperor of India, Farrukhsiyar, restores the titles and responsibilities of his chief adviser, Mir Jumla III, almost three years after dismissing him.
November 11 – Lightning strikes the powder magazine at the Old Fortress, Corfu, causing an explosion that kills a large number of people on the island.
November 18 – Voltaire's first play, Oedipus, premières at the Comédie-Française in Paris. This is his first use of the pseudonym.
November 22 – Citing violations of the amnesty agreement with Blackbeard, Virginia Governor Alexander Spotswood sends a Royal Navy contingent to North Carolina, where they battle Blackbeard and his crew in Ocracoke Inlet. Blackbeard is killed in action, after receiving five musketball wounds and twenty sword lacerations.
December 4 – Fifty people are killed, and 150 houses burned, when a fire breaks out in Wapping, London. The blaze comes two days after a fire at the Spring Gardens at St. James's, London, which destroyed the French Chapel there and which was put out by several rescuers, including the future King George II.^[96]
December 5 – Following the death of Charles XII on November 30, his sister Ulrika Eleonora proclaims herself Queen regnant of Sweden, as the news of her brother's death reaches Stockholm.
December 10 – Stede Bonnet is hanged at Charleston, after being recaptured.
December 17 – The Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Great Britain and Dutch Republic join the Kingdom of France in formally declaring war on Spain, launching the War of the Quadruple Alliance.

Date unknown

Islamization of Sudan: The Funj warrior aristocracy deposes the reigning mek and places one of their own ranks on the throne of Sennar.
The white potato reaches New England from England.
Coffee is grown in Surinam (Dutch colony).^[97]

1719

January–March

January 8 – Carolean Death March begins: A catastrophic retreat by a largely-Finnish Swedish-Carolean army under the command of Carl Gustaf Armfeldt across the Tydal mountains in a blizzard kills around 3,700 men and cripples a further 600 for life.^[98]
January 23 – The Principality of Liechtenstein is created, within the Holy Roman Empire.^[99]
February 3 (January 23 Old Style) – The Riksdag of the Estates recognizes Ulrika Eleonora's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden.
February 20 – The first Treaty of Stockholm is signed.
February 28 – Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal Emperor of India since 1713, is deposed by the Sayyid brothers, who install Rafi ud-Darajat in his place. In prison, Farrukhsiyar is strangled by assassins on April 19.
March 6 – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries.^[100]
March 17 – The coronation of Ulrika Eleonora as Queen of Sweden takes place in Stockholm.

April–June

April 4 – The French army under James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick invades the Basque provinces of Spain, with 20,000 troops crossing into Navarre.^[101]
April 19 – In Louisiana (New France), Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville's brother Serigny arrives on a French man-of-war, bringing news that war had been declared between France and Spain (since December 1718).
April 25 – Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe.
April 26 – King Philip V of Spain departs Madrid and leads 15,000 men of the Spanish Army into Navare to fight the French under Berwick.^[102]
May 14 – In Louisiana (New France), Bienville, from Mobile, captures Pensacola, but Pensacola is later recaptured by the Spanish, and again re-taken by Bienville.^[103]
May 25 – An earthquake in Turkey damages İzmit and Istanbul, damaging some city walls and ruining mosques and palaces.^[104]
June 4 – Battle of Ösel Island: A Russian naval force defeats the Swedish fleet.
June 18 – Captain John Perry fixes Dagenham Breach.
June 10 – Battle of Glen Shiel: British forces defeat the Jacobites and their Spanish allies.
June 20 – Battle of Francavilla: The Austrians are defeated by the Spanish.
June 30 – French forces under the Duke of Berwick open the Siege of San Sebastian

July–September

July 11 – Russia's Baltic Sea fleet is first spotted from the Swedish coast, starting the Russian Pillage of 1719–21 as part of the Great Northern War.
July 16 – The Carlsten fortress in Sweden surrenders to a Danish and Norwegian force after a siege of seven days. Colonel Henrich Danckwardt, who surrendered the fortress to Peter Tordenskjold after being away from it while it was still defensible, is beheaded on September 16.
August 13 – In the Battle of Stäket, Crown Prince Frederick I of Sweden leads the successful defense of Stockholm from Russian Admiral Fyodor Apraksin's Baltic Fleet during the Russian Pillage.
August 19 – Siege of San Sebastian. The Spanish garrison surrenders to the Duke of Berwick.
August 20 – Princess Maria Josepha of Austria, at one time the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria's Habsburg Empire, marries Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony ten days after renouncing any claim to the Austrian throne.
September 3 – The three-story tall Opernhaus am Zwinger, one of the largest opera houses in the world at the time, opens in Dresden by staging Antonio Lotti's Giovi in Argo.^[105]
September 29 – Muhammad Shah is crowned as the 12th Mughal Emperor of India at Shahjahanabad (now Delhi), 12 days after the death of Shah Jahan II from tuberculosis.^[106]

October–December

October 11 – Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y Rueda, the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, is assassinated in a bloody coup d'etat by supporters of the Archbishop of Manila, whom Bustamante had imprisoned.
October 14 – The British Army, under the command of Major General George Wade, invades and captures the forts of Vigo on the Atlantic coast of Spain.^[107]
October 21 – The Red Canal is opened in the Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, after seven years of construction, at a ceremony in the presence of the Tsar Peter the Great.^[108]
October 28 – Sweden and Denmark-Norway sign an armistice, halting combat in the Great Northern War between them, with final terms agreed to in the Treaty of Frederiksborg on July 3, 1720.^[109]
November 9 – In a treaty between Sweden and Hanover at the close of the Great Northern War, Sweden cedes the Duchies of Bremen and Verden (in northern Germany) to Hanover.
December 22 – Andrew Bradford publishes the American Weekly Mercury, Pennsylvania's first newspaper.

Date unknown

Prussia conducts Europe's first systematic census.
Miners in Falun, Sweden find the apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson (d. 1677), in an unused part of the copper mine.
Raine's Foundation School, Bethnal Green (founded by Henry Raine), opens in Wapping, England.
James Figg opens one of the first indoor venues for combat sports, adjoining the City of Oxford tavern in Oxford Road, London.^[110]

Births

1700

January 8 – Augustyn Mirys, Polish painter (d. 1790)
January 14 – Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici), German poet and librettist (d. 1764)
January 23 – John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732 to 1733 (d. 1733)
January 28 – John Penn ("the American"), American-born merchant (d. 1746)
January 29 – Konstancja Czartoryska, Polish noblewoman and politician (d. 1759)
February 2 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German philosopher (d. 1766)
February 8 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-born Swiss mathematician (d. 1782)
February 16 – Pedro Messía de la Cerda, 2nd Marquis of Vega de Armijo, Spanish naval officer and colonial official (d. 1783)
February 18 – Nicolaus Schuback, German lawyer (d. 1783)
February 21 – Henri Hemsch, French harpsichord maker of German origin (d. 1769)
February 28 – Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan, Mughal courtier (d. 1758)
March 1 – Pierre-Joseph Bourcet, French tactician (d. 1780)
March 3
- William Lacon Childe, English politician (d. 1757)
- Charles-Joseph Natoire, French painter in the Rococo manner (d. 1777)
March 4 – Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes, grandson of Louis XIV of France and of his maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1755)
March 8 – William Morgan (of Tredegar, elder), Welsh politician (d. 1731)
March 13
- Michel Blavet, French composer and flute virtuoso (d. 1768)
- Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (d. 1777)
- James Kent, English organist and composer (d. 1776)
- Jób Viczay, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1734)
March 15 – Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora, Portuguese noblewoman (d. 1759)
March 23 – Pieter Woortman, Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1780)
March 29 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis (d. 1762)
March 30 – Thomas Pichon, French colonial agent (d. 1781)

April 4 – Christophe Moyreau, French Baroque composer (d. 1774)
April 30
- Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (d. 1739)
- Percy Freke, British baronet and Irish politician (d. 1728)
May 2 – Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1726)
May 6 – Giuseppe Peroni, Italian painter (d. 1776)
May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (d. 1772)
May 12 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773)
May 14 – Mary Delany, English artist (d. 1788)
May 19 – José de Escandón, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1770)
May 22 – Michel-François Dandré-Bardon, French history painter and etcher (d. 1785)
May 26 – Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, German religious and social reformer (d. 1760)
May 27 – Robert Shirley, British Tory politician (d. 1738)
May 30 – Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf, Austrian nobleman and courtier (d. 1756)
May 31 – Stephen Bayard, 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747 (d. 1757)
June 3 – Karen Huitfeldt, Danish courtier (d. 1778)
June 8 – Georg Wilhelm von Driesen, lieutenant general in Frederick the Great's Prussian army and a county commission of Osterrode (Ostróda) (d. 1758)
June 10 – Ewald Georg von Kleist, German jurist (d. 1748)
June 16 – Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peer (d. 1775)
June 19 – Charles, Count of Charolais, French noble (d. 1760)
June 20 – Peter Faneuil, wealthy American colonial merchant (d. 1743)
June 25 – William Boys, Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief (d. 1774)
June 26
- Richard Dana, prominent lawyer and politician in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1772)
- Joaquín de Montserrat, 1st Marquess of Cruillas (d. 1771)

July 11 – Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend (d. 1764)
July 12 – Claude-Antoine de Bermen de La Martinière, Quebec-born son of Claude de Bermen de la Martinière (d. 1761)
July 20 – Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, French physician (d. 1782)
July 29 – Peter Joseph Kofler, mayor of Vienna (d. 1764)
August 13 – Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)
August 17 – Clemens August of Bavaria, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d. 1761)
August 18
- Baji Rao I, general of the Maratha Empire in India (d. 1740)
- Lars Pinnerud, Norwegian farmer and woodcarver (d. 1762)
August 23 – Hans Caspar von Krockow, Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No (d. 1759)
August 27
- Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore (d. 1785)
- Carl Hårleman, Swedish architect (d. 1753)
August 30 – Christian August von Eyben, German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of Lübeck (d. 1785)
September 6 – Claude-Nicolas Le Cat, French surgeon (d. 1768)
September 9 – Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
September 11 – James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)
September 15 – Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, French ecclesiastic (d. 1784)
September 20
- Benedict Leonard Calvert, 15th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731 (d. 1732)
- Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1765)
September 25 – Gaetano Zompini, Italian printmaker and engraver (d. 1778)
September 29 – Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1758)
September 30 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)

October 6 – Philip Morant (d. 1770)
October 7 – Henry Moore, 4th Earl of Drogheda (d. 1727)
October 9 – George Hazard (d. 1738)
October 10 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor born in Nancy (d. 1759)
October 13 – Phanuel Bacon, English playwright (d. 1783)
October 20 – Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d. 1761)
October 23 – Samuel Dexter, minister from Dedham (d. 1755)
October 24 – Marten Schagen, Dutch Mennonite bookseller (d. 1770)
October 26 – Peter Jacob Horemans, Flemish painter of genre scenes (d. 1776)
October 30 – Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet (d. 1778)
November 7 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Reuss-Ebersdorf (d. 1756)
November 17 – Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German nobleman (d. 1771)
November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (d. 1770)
November 21 – Charlotta Elisabeth van der Lith, politically active Governor's wife in Surinam (d. 1753)
November 24 – Johann Bernhard Bach the Younger (d. 1743)
November 28
- Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (d. 1764)
- Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (d. 1770)
- Philip Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (d. 1749)
December 4 – Agnes Wilhelmine von Wuthenau, German noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Louis (d. 1725)
December 5 – Anthony Malone, Irish lawyer and politician (d. 1776)
December 7 – George Heathcote, English merchant and philanthropist and Tory politician (d. 1768)
December 8 – Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (d. 1777)
December 9 – Michael Ranft, Protestant Lutheran pastor (d. 1774)
December 20 – Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (d. 1788)
December 25 – Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (d. 1751)
date unknown
- Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Polish magnate official (d. 1772)
- Ivan Ranger, Austrian painter (d. 1753)

1701

January 4 – Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen, Imperial Field Marshal (d. 1760)
January 6 – Georg Ludwig von Bar, German (d. 1767)
January 14 – Thomas Edwards, silversmith active in colonial Boston (d. 1755)
January 17 – William Lubbock, British divine (d. 1754)
January 18 – Johann Jakob Moser, German jurist (d. 1785)
January 23 – Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché, French naval officer who became vice admiral (d. 1780)
January 26 – François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest, French Foreign Minister (d. 1754)
January 27 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (d. 1790)
January 28
- Thomas Amory, English dissenting tutor and minister and poet from Taunton (d. 1774)
- Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774)
February 1 – Johan Agrell, late German/Swedish baroque composer (d. 1765)
February 7 – Christian Ludwig Gersten, German scientist (d. 1762)
February 8 – Johann Baptist Martinelli, Austrian architect (d. 1754)
February 11 – Carlo Lodi, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period in Bologna (d. 1765)
February 14 – Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian (d. 1773)
February 24 – François-Joseph Hunauld, French anatomist born in Châteaubriant (d. 1742)
February 25 – Thomas Adam, Church of England clergyman and religious writer (d. 1784)
February 28 – Jacek Rybiński, Cistercian and the last abbot of the Oliwa monastery (d. 1782)
March 1 – Johann Jakob Breitinger, Swiss philologist and author (d. 1776)
March 2 – Lewis Morris, Welsh hydrographer (d. 1765)
March 6 – Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais, French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair" (d. 1785)
March 7 – Philip Hawkins, MP (d. 1738)
March 11 – Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown, Irish politician (d. 1783)
March 12 – Johann Friedrich Cotta, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1779)
March 14 – Antonio Alcalde Barriga, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate; member from the Order of Preachers; Bishop of Guadalajara (d. 1792)
March 15 – John Carmichael, 3rd Earl of Hyndford (d. 1767)
March 16 – Daniel Lorenz Salthenius, Swedish theologian (d. 1750)^[111]
March 18 – Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist (d. 1776)
March 21 – Jacques Bridaine, French Catholic preacher and missionary (d. 1767)
March 25 – John Goffe, Colonial American soldier (d. 1786)

April 9 – Giambattista Nolli, Italian architect (d. 1756)
April 25 – John Bristow, English merchant, politician (d. 1768)
April 27
- Sebastian Redford, English Jesuit (d. 1763)
- Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 (d. 1773)
April 28 – Françoise Basseporte, French painter (d. 1780)
May 14 – William Emerson, English mathematician (d. 1782)
May 18 – Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, English aristocrat, philanthropist and cricket patron (d. 1750)
May 24
- Jane Scott, Countess of Dalkeith (d. 1729)
- Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff, Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1756 to 1768 (d. 1768)
May 26 – Jean-Joseph Rallier des Ourmes, French mathematician (d. 1771)
May 28 – Giuseppe Antonio Pujati, Italian physician (d. 1760)
May 29 – Georg Friedrich Strass, Alsatian jeweler and inventor of the rhinestone (d. 1773)
June 2 – Thomas Townshend, British politician (d. 1780)
June 4
- Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
- Theodoor Verhaegen, sculptor from the Southern Netherlands (d. 1759)
June 9 – Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer, Danish merchant (d. 1756)
June 11 – David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk, son of David Carnegie (d. 1741)
June 17
- Edward Antill, colonial plantation owner and winemaker (d. 1770)
- Paula de Odivelas (d. 1768)
June 19 – François Rebel, French composer (d. 1775)
June 21 – Otto Magnus von Schwerin, Prussian general in the army of Frederick the Great (d. 1777)
June 22 – Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
June 27 – Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist and physicist (d. 1778)

July 6 – Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist (d. 1785)
July 9 – Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman and Count of Maurepas (d. 1781)
August 4
- Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (d. 1757)
- Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter, England (d. 1754)
August 9 – Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, Prussian lieutenant general, general inspector of the artillery (d. 1777)
August 20 – Domenico Luigi Valeri, Italian painter and architect active in Marche (d. 1746)
August 21 – George Bowes, English coal proprietor, Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
September 6 – Johann Georg Dathan (d. 1749)
September 14 – Maurus Xaverius Herbst, German Benedictine abbot (d. 1757)
September 16 – James Cornwallis, Royal Navy officer and politician, second son of Charles Cornwallis (d. 1727)
September 17 – Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France; governor of Trois-Rivières (d. 1778)
September 21 – George Byng, 3rd Viscount Torrington, British Army general (d. 1750)
September 22 – Anna Magdalena Bach, accomplished German singer, second wife of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1760)
September 23 – Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1757)
September 28 – Stephen Hansen, Danish industrialist (d. 1770)
September 30 – Enrico Enríquez, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1756)

October 3 – Isaac Norris, merchant and statesman in provincial Pennsylvania (d. 1766)
October 15 – Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint (d. 1771)
October 18 – Charles le Beau, French historical writer (d. 1778)
October 20 – Jean-Baptiste de La Noue, French actor and playwright (d. 1760)
October 22 – Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756)
October 24 – Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander (d. 1755)
October 28 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines (d. 1776)
October 30 – Anton Gogeisl, German astronomer (d. 1771)
October 31 – William Ellery, Sr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1764)
November 3 – Smart Lethieullier, English antiquary (d. 1760)
November 5 or 1702 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (d. 1785)
November 6 – Jean-Baptiste Malter, French dancer and dance master (d. 1746)
November 10 – Johann Joseph Couven, German Baroque architect (d. 1763)
November 21 – John Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Trerice (d. 1768)
November 27 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (d. 1744)
November 28
- James Burrow, British scholar (d. 1782)
- Daniel Wray, English antiquary and Fellow of the Royal Society (d. 1783)
December 9 – Elisha Freeman, Canadian politician (d. 1777)
December 10 – Ignatius of Laconi (d. 1781)
December 11 – Charles Goore, English merchant and politician (d. 1783)
December 16 – Olof Arenius, Swedish portrait painter (d. 1766)
December 17 – Bernard of Bologna, Italian theologian (d. 1770)
December 21
- Louis Daniel Arnault de Nobleville, French physician and naturalist (d. 1778)
- Guillaume Taraval, French painter (d. 1750)
- Taylor White, British judge (d. 1772)

1702

January 2 – Nabeshima Naotsune, Japanese daimyō (d. 1749)
January 6
- Johann Adam von Ickstatt, German educator and director of the University of Ingolstadt (d. 1776)
- José de Nebra, Spanish composer (d. 1768)
January 10 – Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (d. 1762)
January 12
- Jacques Aved, French painter and Rococo portraitist (d. 1766)
- Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish Catholic priest (d. 1774)
January 13 – Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, French general of Irish Jacobite ancestry (d. 1766)
January 14 – Emperor Nakamikado, of Japan (d. 1737)
January 18 – Sava II Petrović-Njegoš, Metropolitan of Cetinje (d. 1782)
January 24 – Frederica Henriette of Anhalt-Bernburg, member of the House of Ascania by birth and Princess of Anhalt-Köthen by marriage (d. 1723)
January 26 – Johann Caspar Scheuchzer, Swiss naturalist (d. 1729)
January 31 – Alan Brodrick, 2nd Viscount Midleton, English cricketer (d. 1747)
February 3
- Michael Adelbulner, German mathematician (d. 1779)
- Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, Italian architect (d. 1768)
February 6 – Giovanni Carmine Pellerano, Italian Catholic prelate, member of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1783)
February 7 – Carl August Thielo, Danish composer (d. 1763)
February 10
- Jean-Pierre Guignon, Franco-Italian composer and violinist (d. 1774)
- Carlo Marchionni, Italian architect (d. 1786)
February 12 – Robert Hale, Massachusetts physician, soldier (d. 1767)
February 26 – Rasmus Paludan, Norwegian theologian and priest (d. 1759)
February 27
- Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (d. 1777)
- Johann Valentin Görner, German composer (d. 1762)
March 2
- Henrietta Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt, granddaughter of the "Great Elector" Frederick William (d. 1782)
- Charles Stourton, 15th Baron Stourton, son of Charles Stourton (1669–1739) (d. 1753)
March 4 – Jack Sheppard, British burglar and escaper (d. 1724)
March 13 – Burkat Shudi, English harpsichord maker of Swiss origin (d. 1773)
March 19 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (d. 1775)
March 21 – Bento de Moura Portugal (d. 1766)
March 22 – Matthias de Visch, Flemish painter of history paintings and portraits (d. 1765)
March 25 – Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker (d. 1778)
March 27 – Johann Ernst Eberlin, German composer and organist (d. 1762)
March 28 – Ignacio de Luzán, Spanish critic and poet (d. 1754)
March 29 – Cesare Sportelli, Italian Roman Catholic Redemptorist lawyer (d. 1750)
March 31 – Barthélemy-Christophe Fagan, French playwright (d. 1755)

April 5
- Stephen Leake, English numismatist, officer of arms at the College of Arms in London (d. 1773)
- Solomon Lombard (d. 1781)
April 7 – William Rawlinson Earle (d. 1774)
April 10 – Jonathan Tyers (d. 1767)
April 16 – Juan de Balmaseda y Censano Beltrán (d. 1778)
April 20 – Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marquess of Ensenada, Spanish noble (d. 1781)
May 2 – Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, German Lutheran theologian and theosopher (d. 1782)
May 3 – John St John, 2nd Viscount St John (d. 1748)
May 8 – Andrew Lauder, Burgess of the Royal Burgh of Lauder (1737) (d. 1769)
May 10 – Abraham Lehn, Danish landowner (d. 1757)
May 11 – Isaac Greenwood, American mathematician (d. 1745)
May 12 – Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx, French foreign minister (d. 1770)
May 16 – George Nevill, 14th Baron Bergavenny (d. 1723)
May 21 – John Rous, Royal Navy officer during King George's War and the Seven Years' War (d. 1760)
May 24 – Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, fifth Prince (d. 1769)
June 1 – John Hancock Jr., colonial American clergyman, father of politician John Hancock (d. 1744)
June 5
- Frederik Arentz, Lutheran bishop of Bjørgvin from 1762 to 1774 (d. 1779)
- Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (d. 1754)
June 7 – Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1707 until his death (d. 1761)
June 9 – William Townshend, British Member of Parliament (d. 1738)
June 13 – Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1762)
June 19 – Frederick Augustus Rutowsky, German general (d. 1764)
June 26 – Philip Doddridge, English religious leader (d. 1751)
June 30 – Elizabeth Timothy, colonial American printer and newspaper publisher in South Carolina who worked for Benjamin Franklin (d. 1757)

July 6 – Franz Anton Maichelbeck, German organist and composer (d. 1750)
July 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)
July 19 – Philemon Ewer, English shipbuilder (d. 1750)
July 20 – Christian Siegmund Georgi, evangelical theologian at Wittenberg, Germany (d. 1771)
July 22 – Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer and virtuoso oboist (d. 1793)
July 31 – Jean Denis Attiret, French Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1768)
August 2 – Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1769)
August 3
- Sir Walter Bagot, 5th Baronet (d. 1768)
- George Rooke, priest (d. 1754)
August 7 – Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (d. 1748)
August 14 – Philip Carteret Webb, English barrister (d. 1770)
August 16 – Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre, military engineer in the Spanish Army, discovered architectural remains at Pompeii and Herculaneum (d. 1780)
August 26
- George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter, of England (d. 1749)
- Judith Madan, English poet (d. 1781)
August 28 – Jean Philippe d'Orléans, illegitimate son of future French regent Philippe d'Orleans (d. 1748)
August 31 – Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor who worked in England (d. 1762)
September 2 – John Evans, Welsh Anglican cleric (d. 1782)
September 4 – Legall de Kermeur, French chess player (d. 1792)
September 6 – Joseph Bonnier de la Mosson, French aristocrat (d. 1744)
September 12
- Robert Hazard, Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1751)
- Januarius Maria Sarnelli, Beatified Italian (d. 1746)
September 14
- Ercole Lelli, Italian painter of the late-Baroque (d. 1766)
- Adriana Maas, Dutch stage actress (d. 1746)
September 20 – Francesco Serao, Italian physician (d. 1783)

October 4
- John Lindsay, 20th Earl of Crawford, British Army general (d. 1749)
- Honoré Armand de Villars, French nobleman, soldier, politician (d. 1770)
October 5 – Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, German prince (d. 1787)
October 22 – Frédéric Maurice Casimir de La Tour d'Auvergne, French prince (d. 1723)
October 25 – Christoph II von Dohna, Prussian general (d. 1762)
October 29 – Tako Hajo Jelgersma, Dutch painter (d. 1795)
November 5 – Grégoire Orlyk, Ukrainian-born French Lieutenant General (d. 1759)
November 6 – Josias Weitbrecht, German professor of medicine and anatomy in Russia (d. 1747)
November 7 – Abhai Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar (Jodhpur) Kingdom (r (d. 1749)
November 9 – Jacques-Georges Chauffepié, French biographer, Calvinist minister and preacher (d. 1786)
November 13 – Dominic Vallarsi, Italian priest (d. 1771)
November 14 – Francis Gashry (d. 1762)
November 20
- Townsend Andrews (d. 1737)
- Winchcomb Packer (d. 1746)
- Apollos Rivoire (d. 1754)
December 14 – Stephen Sewall, judge in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1760)
December 17
- Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, Member of the British Parliament (d. 1772)
- Marguerite de Lubert, French woman of letters (d. 1785)
December 21 – Tommaso Crudeli, Florentine free thinker who was imprisoned by the Roman Inquisition (d. 1745)
December 22 – Jean-Étienne Liotard, French painter (d. 1789)

Margareta Momma, Swedish writer, journalist and editor (d. 1772)
Giuseppa Barbapiccola, Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator (d. 1740)

1703

January 1 – Heinrich Sigismund von der Heyde, Prussian army commander (d. 1765)
January 2 – George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of Cholmondeley, English politician (d. 1770)
January 3 – Daniel-Charles Trudaine, French administrator and civil engineer (d. 1769)
January 5
- James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (d. 1743)
- Paul d'Albert de Luynes, French archbishop (d. 1788)
January 8 – André Levret, French obstetrician who practised medicine in Paris (d. 1780)
January 10 – Christoph Birkmann, German theologian and minister (d. 1771)
January 15
- Henriette Louise de Bourbon, French princess by birth, member of the House of Bourbon (d. 1772)
- John Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon, English politician (d. 1727)
- Johann Ernst Hebenstreit, German physician and naturalist (d. 1757)
January 20 – Joseph-Hector Fiocco, Belgian composer and violinist (d. 1741)
January 22 – Antoine Walsh, Irish-French slave trader and Jacobite (d. 1763)
January 29 – Carlmann Kolb, German priest (d. 1765)
January 31 – André-Joseph Panckoucke, French author and bookseller (d. 1753)
February 2 – Richard Morris, Welsh writer and editor (d. 1779)
February 3 – Jean Philippe de Bela, French military figure and Basque writer and historian (d. 1796)
February 4
- Jean Saas, French historian and bibliographer (d. 1774)
- Andrew Stone, significant figure in the British royal circle, Member of Parliament (d. 1773)
February 5 – Gilbert Tennent, Irish-born religious leader (d. 1764)
February 8
- Corrado Giaquinto, Italian Rococo painter (d. 1765)^[112]
- François-Pierre Rigaud de Vaudreuil, soldier in New France (d. 1779)
February 13 – Robert Dodsley, English bookseller, poet, playwright and miscellaneous writer (d. 1764)
February 27 – Lord Sidney Beauclerk, English politician and fortune hunter (d. 1744)
March 1 – Philip Tisdall, Attorney-General for Ireland (d. 1777)
March 4 – Nicolas René Berryer, French magistrate and politician (d. 1762)
March 5 (N. S.) – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
March 10 – Peter Warren, British Royal Navy officer (d. 1752)
March 21 – Georg Andreas Sorge, Thuringian organist (d. 1778)
March 23 – Cajsa Warg, Swedish cookbook author (d. 1769)^[113]

April 8 – Benoît-Joseph Boussu, French violin maker (d. 1773)
April 10 – Pierre Daubenton, French lawyer (d. 1776)
April 24 – José Francisco de Isla, Spanish Jesuit (d. 1781)
May 2 – James West, English antiquary (d. 1772)
May 8 – Gottlob Harrer, German composer and choir leader (d. 1755)
May 10 – John Winslow, British Army officer (d. 1774)
May 12 – Countess Sophie Theodora of Castell-Remlingen, German noblewoman (d. 1777)
May 14 – David Brearly, delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (d. 1785)
May 18
- Jean Daullé, French engraver (d. 1763)
- İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi, Turkish Sufi saint (d. 1780)
May 20 – René Lièvre de Besançon, French archer (d. 1739)
June 6 – Edmund Law, priest in the Church of England (d. 1787)
June 10 – Walter Butler, 16th Earl of Ormonde, Irish landowner (d. 1783)
June 21 – Joseph Lieutaud, French physician (d. 1780)
June 24 – Anne van Keppel, Countess of Albemarle (d. 1789)
June 26 – Thomas Clap, first president of Yale University (d. 1767)
June 28 – John Wesley, English founder of Methodism and anti-slavery activist (d. 1791)^[114]

July 7 – Kenrick Prescot, English Anglican priest and academic (d. 1779)
July 9 – Edward Shippen III, American merchant and mayor of Philadelphia (d. 1781)
July 12 – Nicholas Hewetson, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1761)
July 15 – Axel Lagerbielke, Swedish admiral and statesman (d. 1782)
July 17 – Thomas Hancock, merchant in colonial Boston (d. 1764)
August 2 – Lorenzo Ricci, Italian Jesuit leader (d. 1775)
August 4 – Louis, Duke of Orléans, member of the royal family of France (d. 1752)
August 9 – Muhammad Ibrahim, claimant to the throne of India (d. 1746)
August 15 – Jacob Bicker Raije, writer from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1777)
August 24 – François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery, colonial military leader in the French province of Canada (d. 1759)
August 30 – Jean-Louis Calandrini, Genevan scientist (d. 1758)
September 1 – Just Fabritius, Danish merchant (d. 1766)
September 3 – Johann Theodor of Bavaria, cardinal (d. 1763)
September 6 – John Harris, British landowner and politician (d. 1768)
September 15 – Guillaume-François Rouelle, French chemist (d. 1770)
September 23 – Charlotte Howe, Viscountess Howe, Hanover-born British courtier and politician (d. 1782)
September 29
- François Boucher, French painter (d. 1770)^[115]
- Baltzer Fleischer, Norwegian civil servant and county governor (d. 1767)
- François Fresneau de La Gataudière, French botanist and scientist (d. 1770)
- Philip Syng, Irish-born American silversmith (d. 1789)

October 3 – Franz Christoph Janneck, Austrian painter in the Baroque style (d. 1761)
October 5 – Jonathan Edwards, North American revivalist preacher (d. 1758)
October 6 – Louis de Beaufort, French-Dutch historian known for his critical approach to the history of Rome (d. 1795)
October 7 – Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach, German hereditary prince (d. 1732)
October 13
- Andrea Belli, Maltese architect and businessman (d. 1772)
- Otto Thott, Danish Count (d. 1785)
October 15 – Benigna Gottliebe von Trotta genannt Treyden, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1782)
October 16
- Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve, French economist (d. 1781)
- Henry Fane of Wormsley, English politician (d. 1777)
October 22 – Edward Rudge, English politician (d. 1763)
October 23 – Sir Alexander Dick, 3rd Baronet, Scottish landowner and physician (d. 1785)
October 28
- Andreas Bjørn, Danish merchant (d. 1750)
- Antoine Deparcieux, French mathematician (d. 1768)
October 30 – James Hill, Scottish surgeon who advocated curative excision for cancer (d. 1776)
November 1 – Frederik Danneskiold-Samsøe, Danish politician (d. 1770)^[116]
November 10 – Carlo Zuccari, Italian composer and violinist (d. 1792)
November 17 – Adam Miller, German-born pioneer in the colony of Virginia (d. 1783)
November 18 – Andrew Rollo, 5th Lord Rollo, Scottish army commander in Canada and Dominica during the Seven Years' War (d. 1765)
November 22
- Walter Pompe, Flemish master-sculptor (d. 1777)
- Balthasar Riepp, German-Austrian painter (d. 1764)
November 23 – Louise Levesque, French femme de lettres (d. 1743)
November 25 – Jean-François Séguier, French astronomer and botanist (d. 1784)
November 26 – Theophilus Cibber, English actor and writer (d. 1758)
November 27 – James De Lancey, colonial governor of the Province of New York (d. 1760)
December 2 – Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian Jesuit missionary, explorer and cartographer (d. 1759)
December 9 – Chester Moore Hall, British lawyer and inventor who produced the first achromatic lenses (d. 1771)
December 12 – Simon Carl Stanley, Danish sculptor of English parentage (d. 1761)
December 15
- Johann Martin Boltzius, German born (d. 1765)
- Frederick Ernest of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, member of the Brandenburg-Kulmbach branch of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1762)
December 23 – Stephen Cornwallis, career British Army officer and politician (d. 1743)
December 24
- Aleksei Chirikov, Russian navigator (d. 1748)
- Christen Lindencrone, Danish landowner and supercargo of the Danish Asia Company (d. 1772)
unknown date – Johann Gottlieb Graun, German Baroque/Classical era composer and violinist (d. 1771)

1704

January 1
- Soame Jenyns, English writer and Member of Parliament (d. 1787)
- Thomas Newton, English cleric (d. 1782)
January 6 – Michael Becher, Bristol-born English slave trader and merchant (d. 1758)
January 16 – Finnur Jónsson, Icelandic pastor, Bishop of Skálholt from 1754 to 1785 (d. 1789)
January 28 – Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (d. 1711)
January 29 – Francesco Appiani, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period (d. 1792)
February 4 – Anna Susanne von der Osten, Danish courtier and philanthropist (d. 1773)
February 5 – Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont (d. 1722)
February 6 – John Mercer, colonial American lawyer (d. 1768)
February 12
- Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (d. 1772)
- Jan Schreuder, 30th Governor of Zeylan during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d. 1764)
February 15
- Aloysius Bellecius, Jesuit ascetic author (d. 1757)
- Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, French sculptor who worked in both the rococo and neoclassical style (d. 1778)
February 17
- Marie-Madeleine Hachard, French letter writer and abbess of the Ursuline order (d. 1760)
- Józef Pułaski (d. 1769)
- Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German prince (d. 1767)
February 24 – Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, German physician and botanist (d. 1763)
February 28
- Louis Godin, French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences (d. 1760)
- Hans Hermann von Katte, Lieutenant of the Prussian Army (d. 1730)
February 29 – Phillips Payson, American Congregationalist minister for the town of Walpole (d. 1778)
March 6 – John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward (d. 1774)
March 10 – Josias Lyndon, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1778)
March 17 – Lord Charles Cavendish (d. 1783)
March 21 – Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1773)

April 1 – Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, principal mistress of King George II from the mid-1730s (d. 1765)
April 4 – Andreas Brünniche, Danish portrait painter (d. 1769)
April 7 – Guillaume-François Berthier, Jesuit professor and writer (d. 1782)
April 10 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
April 13 – Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford (d. 1790)
April 17
- Paolo Girolamo Besozzi, Italian oboe virtuoso and bassoonist (d. 1778)
- Jean-Baptiste Chermanne, architect and businessman active in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Liège (d. 1770)
April 21 – Gabriel Manigault, American merchant (d. 1781)
April 29 – Arthur Denny, Irish politician (d. 1742)
April 30 – Jean Adam, Scottish poet from the labouring classes (d. 1765)
May 6 – Fath Muhammad, general of Mysore and the father of Hyder Ali (d. 1725)
May 7 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German composer and tenor (d. 1759)
May 8 – Gaspare Testone, Italian painter and architect (d. 1801)
May 10 – Jacques Dumont le Romain, French history and portrait painter (d. 1781)
June 1 – Johann Baptist Straub (d. 1784)
June 4 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel (d. 1776)
June 11 – Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (d. 1742)
June 16 – Edward Ward, 9th Baron Dudley (d. 1731)
June 17 – John Kay, inventor of the flying shuttle (d. 1780)
June 22 – John Taylor, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
June 24
- Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (d. 1771)
- John Ward, English actor and theatre manager (d. 1773)
June 29 – Azad Bilgrami, scholar of Arabic (d. 1786)

July 4 – Michel de Sallaberry (d. 1768)
July 15 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German theologian and minister (d. 1792)
July 31 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (d. 1752)
August 3
- Catherine-Nicole Lemaure, French operatic soprano (d. 1786)
- Benjamin Shoemaker, colonial Pennsylvania Quaker (d. 1767)
August 5 – William Allen, wealthy merchant (d. 1780)
August 11 – Karl August von Bergen (d. 1759)
August 12 – Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1774)
August 13 – Alexis Fontaine des Bertins, French mathematician (d. 1771)
August 21 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe (d. 1774)
August 26
- Marie-Anne Barbel, French-Canadian Businesswomen who lived in New France (d. 1793)
- Guy Michel de Durfort, French general and nobleman (d. 1773)
- Pierre L'Enfant, painter (d. 1787)
September 3 – Joseph de Jussieu, French botanist and explorer (d. 1779)
September 5 – Maurice Quentin de La Tour, French Rococo portraitist, working primarily with pastels (d. 1788)
September 7 – John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, son of Charles Hope (d. 1781)
September 12 – Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester (d. 1776)
September 20 – Isaac Basire, engraver, first in a family line of prolific and well-respected engravers (d. 1768)
September 22 – Jacques de Lafontaine de Belcour, French entrepreneur with business ventures in New France (now Quebec) (d. 1765)
September 24 – Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (d. 1763)
September 26 – William French, Anglican priest (d. 1785)
September 29 – Johann Friedrich Cartheuser, German physician and naturalist (d. 1777)

October 29 – John Byng, British admiral (d. 1757)
November 1
- Erland Broman, Swedish official and noble (d. 1757)
- Paul Daniel Longolius, German encyclopedist (d. 1779)
November 5
- Benjamin Goldthwait, British army officer in King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1761)
- Samuel Pegge, English antiquary and clergyman (d. 1796)
November 6 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch nobleman and politician (d. 1774)
November 7 – Charles Gautier de Vinfrais, French officer of the Royal venery (d. 1797)
November 11 – Adriaan van Royen, Dutch botanist (d. 1779)
November 13 – Charles Hamilton, MP (d. 1786)
November 16 – Giacopo Belgrado (d. 1789)
November 19
- James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (d. 1776)
- Richard Pococke (d. 1765)
November 28 – Jacob Mossel (d. 1761)
December 8 – Anton de Haen, Austrian physician of Dutch ancestry (d. 1776)
December 12
- Peter Kemble, American politician from the colonial period, President of the New Jersey Provincial Council from 1745 to 1776 (d. 1789)
- Sir Edward Knatchbull, 7th Baronet (d. 1789)
December 14 – Jacob von Eggers, Military engineer (d. 1773)
December 26 – Lord George Beauclerk, British Army officer (d. 1768)
December 29 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (d. 1779)
December 31 – Carl Gotthelf Gerlach, German organist (d. 1761)

1705

January 1 – Charles Chauncy, American Congregational clergyman (d. 1787)
January 5 – John Stanhope, English Member of Parliament (d. 1748)
January 8 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect and teacher (d. 1774)
January 14 – Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, French governor of the Mascarene Islands (d. 1786)
January 15 – Ludwig Gruno of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1745)
January 21 – Isaac Hawkins Browne, English poet (d. 1760)
January 24 – Farinelli, Italian castrato (d. 1782)
January 28 – Reverend Joseph Fish, pastor in the British North American colonies (d. 1781)
February 3 – John Robinson, politician, landowner in the British colony of Virginia (d. 1766)
February 13 – Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa, Polish writer and playwright (d. 1753)
February 15 – Charles-André van Loo, French painter (d. 1765)
February 20 – Nicolas Chédeville, French composer (d. 1782)
February 21 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1781)
February 24 – Hieronymus David Gaubius, German physician and chemist (d. 1780)
February 25 – Edward Ironside, British banker, Lord Mayor of London in 1753 (d. 1753)
February 27 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist, known as the "father of ichthyology" (d. 1735)
March 2 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1793)
March 8 – Margrethe Marie Thomasine Numsen, Danish courtier (d. 1776)
March 9 – Tommaso Temanza, Italian architect and author of the Neoclassic period (d. 1789)
March 12 – Noël Jourda de Vaux, French noble and general (d. 1788)
March 18 – Jeremias Van Rensselaer, 6th patroon of Rensselaerwyck, eldest son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Maria van Cortlandt (d. 1743)
March 20 – Johann Sigismund Scholze, Silesian music anthologist and poet (d. 1750)
March 21 – Lorenz Natter, German gem-engraver and medallist (d. 1763)
March 22 – Nicolas-Sébastien Adam, French sculptor (d. 1778)
March 30 – August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, German miniature painter (d. 1759)
March 31 – Sophie Caroline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, princess consort of Ostfriesland as the spouse of Prince George Albert (d. 1764)

April 7 – Sir Edward O'Brien, 2nd Baronet (d. 1765)
April 9 – Nathan Webb (d. 1772)
April 12 – William Cookworthy, English Quaker minister (d. 1780)
April 19 – Claes Grill, Swedish merchant (d. 1767)
April 21 – Jean-Pierre Aulneau, Jesuit missionary priest, briefly active in New France (d. 1736)
April 23 – Erasmus James Philipps, serving member on Nova Scotia Council (1730–1760) (d. 1760)
May 1 – Nathaniel Elliot, English Jesuit scholar (d. 1780)
May 5 – John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Scottish nobleman and army officer (d. 1782)
May 6 – Christian Gärtner, German telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1782)
May 8 – António José da Silva, Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil (d. 1739)
May 10 – Alexander Luttrell (d. 1737)
May 13 – Johan Lorentz Castenschiold, Dutch-Danish landowner who was ennobled (d. 1747)
June 1 – Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath (d. 1751)
June 9
- Jan Paweł Biretowski (d. 1781)
- Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist (d. 1787)
June 10 – Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1762)
June 21 – Samuel Edwards, American silversmith (d. 1762)

July 1 – Sir Alexander Grant, 5th Baronet (d. 1772)
July 23 – Francis Blomefield, English antiquarian (d. 1752)
August 8 – Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (d. 1750)
August 12 – Jonathan Clarke, American silversmith active in Newport (d. 1770)
August 15 – Joseph Wanton, merchant, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1780)
August 18
- Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (d. 1775)
- Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin (d. 1777)
August 20
- James Balfour, philosopher (d. 1795)
- Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort (d. 1755)
August 30 – David Hartley, English philosopher (d. 1757)
September 2 – Abraham Tucker, English country gentleman (d. 1774)
September 5 – Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, French princess of the blood (d. 1765)
September 7 – Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era (d. 1788)
September 19
- Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin, French harpsichordist (d. 1778)
- William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, English nobleman and Member of Parliament (d. 1769)
September 23 – Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg (d. 1744)
September 24 – Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)
September 28
- Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (d. 1774)
- Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)

October 3 – Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French diplomat who engineered the coup d'état that brought Elizaveta Petrovna to the Russian throne in 1741 (d. 1759)
October 8 – Yakov Shakhovskoy (d. 1777)
October 12 – Emmanuel Héré de Corny, court architect to Stanisław Leszczyński (d. 1763)
October 23 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian military officer (d. 1757)
October 25 – Johann Friedrich Endersch, German cartographer and mathematician (d. 1769)
October 31 – Pope Clement XIV (d. 1774)^[117]
November 1 – Antoine Terrasson, French author (d. 1782)
November 4 – Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, French soldier (d. 1783)
November 5
- William Baker, English merchant and politician (d. 1770)
- Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist (d. 1770)
November 15 – Sir Halswell Tynte, 3rd Baronet (d. 1730)
November 17 – Andrea Casali (d. 1784)
November 23 – Thomas Birch, English historian (d. 1766)
November 24 – Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels (d. 1778)
November 29 – Michael Christian Festing, English violinist and composer (d. 1752)
November 30 – Jonathan Parsons, Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period, supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1776)
December 6 – Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter (d. 1785)
December 9 – Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785)
December 14
- Wiguläus von Kreittmayr, Bavarian jurist and public official (d. 1790)
- Queen Seonui, wife and Queen Consort of King Gyeongjong of Joseon (d. 1730)
December 20
- George Fothergill (d. 1760)
- Antonio Palomba, Italian opera librettist (d. 1769)
December 27 – Prince Frederick Henry Eugen of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1781)
December 30 – Georg Wolfgang Knorr, German engraver and naturalist (d. 1761)
date unknown – Dick Turpin, English highwayman (d. 1739)
date unknown – Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1785)

1706

January 1
- Emma Howard, 10th Earl of Suffolk (d. 1745)
- Nils Wallerius, Swedish physicist (d. 1764)
January 3 – Johann Caspar Füssli, Swiss portrait painter and writer (d. 1782)
January 7 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (d. 1751)
January 17
- Benjamin Franklin, American inventor and Founding Father (d. 1790)
- George Michael Moser, Swiss artist and enameller (d. 1783)
- Richard Penn Sr., proprietary and titular governor of Pennsylvania and the counties of New Castle County (d. 1771)
January 20 – Frederick Charles Augustus, Count of Lippe (d. 1781)
January 26 – John Elder, American colonial pastor (d. 1792)
January 28 – Shubal Stearns, American colonial evangelist and preacher during the Great Awakening (d. 1771)
February 2 – Claude-Godefroy Coquart, Jesuit priest who probably arrived in Quebec in 1739 (d. 1765)
February 8 – Luis de Córdova y Córdova, Spanish admiral (d. 1796)
February 11 – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein, Swedish physician (d. 1773)
February 12 – Johann Joseph Christian, German Baroque sculptor and woodcarver (d. 1777)
February 17 – Robert Hampden-Trevor, 1st Viscount Hampden, British diplomat at The Hague and then joint Postmaster General (d. 1783)
February 19 – John Hornyold, English Catholic bishop (d. 1778)
February 20 – Phineas Stevens, distinguished officer noted for his defense of the Fort at Number 4 during a siege in April 1747 (d. 1756)
February 26 – Jan Antonín Vocásek, Czech Baroque painter (d. 1757)
February 28 – Philippe-François Bart, French naval officer who was Governor of Saint-Domingue during the Seven Years' War (d. 1784)
March 1 – Sébastien Bigot de Morogues, French soldier, a sailor and military naval tactician (d. 1781)
March 4 – Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (d. 1759)
March 6 – Sir George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
March 7 – Johann Leonhard Dober, one of the two first missionaries of the Moravian Brethren in the West Indies in 1732 (d. 1766)
March 12 – Johan Pasch, Swedish painter (d. 1769)
March 13 – Johann Christoph Heilbronner, German mathematical historian (d. 1745)
March 14 – Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten, German Protestant theologian (d. 1757)
March 23 – Anna Maria Barbara Abesch, Swiss reverse glass painter and the daughter of Johann Peter Abesch (d. 1773)
March 26 – Mather Byles, American clergyman active in British North America (d. 1788)
March 28 – Andrew Oliver, merchant and public official in the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1774)
March 30 – Tommaso Struzzieri, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Todi (1775–1780) (d. 1780)

April 2 – Johann Joseph Würth, Austrian silversmith of the late baroque period (d. 1767)
April 6 – Louis de Cahusac, French playwright and librettist (d. 1759)
April 18 – William Brattle, Attorney General of Province of Massachusetts Bay as well as a physician (d. 1776)
April 24 – Giovanni Battista Martini, Italian musician (d. 1784)
April 29 – Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (d. 1774)
April 30 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (d. 1774)
May 12 – François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, French physician and botanist who was a native of Alès (d. 1767)
May 17 – Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (d. 1780)
May 20 – Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier from Northampton (d. 1777)
May 22 – Samuel Troilius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (d. 1764)
June 10 – John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)
June 15 – Johann Joachim Kändler, German sculptor and important modeller of the Meissen porcelain manufactury (d. 1775)

July 3 – Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield, English politician and peer (d. 1776)
July 8 – John Hart, militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1777)
July 16 – Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne, French nobleman (d. 1771)
July 21 – Pierre Lyonnet, artist and engraver who became a naturalist (d. 1789)
August 1 – Franz Sebald Unterberger, South Tyrolean painter in the Baroque style (d. 1776)
August 4 – Frederick Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (d. 1761)
August 11 – Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, Regent of Württemberg (d. 1756)
August 15 – Benjamin Dass, Norwegian educator and scholar who served as Rector of Trondheim Cathedral School (d. 1775)
August 16 – Bakht Singh of Marwar, Indian Raja of the Rathore Clan (d. 1752)
August 21 – Pierre Nicolas d'Incarville, French Jesuit, amateur botanist and missionary to China (d. 1757)
August 24 – Sir John Evelyn, 2nd Baronet, British courtier and Whig politician (d. 1767)
August 28 – Jan Bouman, Dutch architect (d. 1776)
September 3 – Alonso Verdugo, 3rd Count of Torrepalma, Spanish count (d. 1767)
September 8 – Antoine de Favray, French painter noted for his portraits of personalities of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1798)
September 9 – Jean-Baptiste Barsalou, Canadian fur trader (d. 1776)
September 12 – Léon Ménard, French lawyer and historian (d. 1767)
September 21 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, second wife of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1735)
September 22 – Barbara Regina Dietzsch, Bavarian painter and engraver (d. 1783)

October 6
- Princess Charlotte Amalie of Denmark, Danish princess (d. 1782)
- Pieter Steyn, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1772)
October 11 – Nicolaes Geelvinck, mayor of Amsterdam (d. 1764)
October 18 – Baldassare Galuppi, Venetian composer (d. 1785)
November 2 – Francis Godolphin, 2nd Baron Godolphin, British peer and politician (d. 1785)
November 6
- Pierre Soubeyran, Swiss engraver (d. 1775)
- William Tans'ur, English hymn-writer, composer and teacher of music (d. 1783)
November 7 – Carlo Cecere, Italian composer of operas (d. 1761)
November 8 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)
November 11 – Frederick William II, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, last Prince of Nassau-Siegen from the Calvinist line (d. 1734)
November 18 – Johann Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Wied, German ruler (d. 1791)
November 22 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (d. 1758)
November 25 – Henry Dodwell, British religious controversialist and lawyer (d. 1784)
December 17 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1749)
December 23 – John Cornwallis, British politician (d. 1768)
December 24 – Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German noblewoman and member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1751)
December 25 – Maria Anna of Schwarzenberg, Margravine consort of Baden-Baden and Princess of Schwarzenberg by birth (d. 1755)
December 31 – Elisabetta Maria Satellico, Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Poor Clares who served as her convent's abbess (d. 1745)
date unknown
- James Abercrombie, British general (d. 1781)
- Sabina Aufenwerth, German potter (d. 1782)
- Barbe de Nettine, politically influential Austrian Netherlands banker (d. 1775)

1707

January 2 – Johann Adam Lehmus, German poet of numerous spiritual songs (d. 1788)
January 8 – Louis, Duke of Brittany, second son of Louis of France (d. 1712)
January 11 – Giuseppe Bonito, Neapolitan painter of the Rococo period (d. 1789)
January 13 – John Boyle, 5th Earl of Cork, Irish writer (d. 1762)
January 17 – Prospero Colonna di Sciarra, Italian cardinal of the family of the dukes of Carbognano (d. 1765)
January 22 – Carl Höckh, German violinist and composer (d. 1773)
January 26 – Abbé François Blanchet, French littérateur (d. 1784)
February 1 – Frederick, Prince of Wales (d. 1751)
February 13
- Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon, French novelist (d. 1777)
- Johann William, Count of Erbach-Fürstenau, member of the German House of Erbach who held the fiefs of Fürstenau (d. 1742)
February 25 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (d. 1793)
February 26 – Mariano Arciero, Italian Roman Catholic priest (d. 1788)
February 27 – Joseph Johann Kauffmann, Austrian painter known for his portraits, church decorations and castle depictions (d. 1782)
February 28 – Johann Christian Senckenberg, German physician (d. 1772)
March 1
- Pierre-Antoine de La Place, French writer and playwright (d. 1793)
- Jedidiah Preble, Captain of Infantry in Samuel Waldo's Regiment (d. 1784)
March 2
- Louis-Michel van Loo, French painter (d. 1771)
- Guillaume Barthez de Marmorières, French civil engineer (d. 1799)
March 3 – Johan Ihre, Swedish philologist and historical linguist (d. 1780)
March 7 – Stephen Hopkins, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1785)
March 8
- William Irby, 1st Baron Boston, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1775)
- Mary Jones, English poet (d. 1778)
March 20 – Hugh Boscawen, 2nd Viscount Falmouth (d. 1782)
March 23
- Stephen van Rensselaer I, second son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Maria van Cortlandt (d. 1747)
- Henry Scudamore, 3rd Duke of Beaufort (d. 1745)

April 4 – Hans Karl von Winterfeldt, Prussian general (d. 1757)
April 6 – Abraham de Haen, Dutch draughtsman, engraver, painter and poet (d. 1748)
April 10
- Michel Corrette, French composer (d. 1795)
- Sir John Pringle, 1st Baronet, Scottish physician (d. 1782)
April 13 – Sir Henry Cavendish, 1st Baronet, British politician who held several appointments in the Kingdom of Ireland (d. 1776)
April 15
- Stefano Evodio Assemani, Ottoman-born orientalist, translator, working in the Vatican library (d. 1782)
- Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1783)
- Claude Louis, Comte de Saint-Germain (d. 1778)
April 20 – Robert Foulis, Scottish printer and publisher (d. 1776)
April 22 – Henry Fielding, English novelist and dramatist known for his earthy humour and satire (d. 1754)
April 25 – Léopold Clément, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine, French prince (d. 1723)
April 26 – Johannes Burman, Dutch botanist and physician (d. 1780)
April 28 – Olivier de Vézin, Canadian ironmaster and chief surveyor of Louisiana (d. 1776)
May 1 – Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor (d. 1758)
May 2 – Jean-Baptiste Barrière, French cellist and composer (d. 1747)
May 12 – Francisco Salzillo, Spanish sculptor (d. 1781)
May 14 – António Teixeira, Portuguese composer (d. 1774)
May 19 – Robert Hamilton, moderator (d. 1787)
May 23 – Carl Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (d. 1778)
May 31 – Pietro De Martino, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1746)
June 4
- Benito Fernández de Santa Ana, Franciscan friar, president of the Texas missions of the College of Santa Cruz de Querétaro from 1734 to 1750 (d. 1761)
- Henning Alexander von Kleist, Prussian Lieutenant-General and Chief of Fusiliers (d. 1784)
June 15 – Johannes Grubenmann, member of the Swiss family Grubenmann who were famous as carpenters and civil engineers (d. 1771)
June 18 – Pietro Correr, Italian politician and diplomat (d. 1768)
June 20 – Louis de Cardevac, marquis d'Havrincourt (d. 1767)

July 7 – Henry Cunningam, Irish Anglican priest (d. 1777)
July 8 – Jacques-Philippe Le Bas, French engraver (d. 1783)
July 10 – Sir William Lowther, 1st Baronet, of Little Preston, English landowner and curate (d. 1788)
July 17 – Johann Joseph von Trautson, Roman Catholic clergyman (d. 1757)
July 23 – Edward Bentham, Oxford based theologian who in 1763 (d. 1776)
August 4 – Johann August Ernesti, German Rationalist theologian and philologist (d. 1781)
August 5 – Pierre Adamoli, French collector (d. 1769)
August 7 – Carl Günther Ludovici, German philosopher, lexicographer and economist (d. 1778)
August 20 – Jacques Roettiers, engraver in England and France (d. 1784)
August 24 – Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English Methodist leader (d. 1791)
August 25 – King Louis I of Spain (d. 1724)
August 27 – Zanetta Farussi, Italian comedic actress (d. 1776)
August 30 – Johannes Browallius, Finnish and Swedish Lutheran theologian, physicist, botanist, friend of Carl Linnaeus (d. 1755)
September – Nathan Alcock, English physician (d. 1779)
September 1 – John Salusbury, Welsh nobleman (d. 1762)
September 2 – Gian Benedetto Mittarelli, Italian monk and monastic historian (d. 1777)
September 3 – Johann Peter Süssmilch, German Protestant pastor (d. 1767)
September 5 – John Forbes, British general (d. 1759)
September 7 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French scientist (d. 1788)
September 22 – John Rattray, Edinburgh surgeon who served as surgeon to Prince Charles Edward Stuart (d. 1771)
September 29 – Antoine Clériadus de Choiseul-Beaupré (d. 1774)
September 30
- Pietro Rotari, Italian painter (d. 1762)
- Richard Trevor, bishop (d. 1771)

October 4 – Francesco Fontebasso, Italian painter of the late-Baroque or Rococo period of Venice (d. 1769)
October 6 – Thomas Falkner, English Jesuit missionary (d. 1784)
October 20 – Thomas Church, British priest and controversialist (d. 1756)
October 30 – Jeanne Thérèse du Han, Lorraine nobility (d. 1748)
November 7 – Dieterich Bernhard Ludewig, German organist (d. 1740)
November 9 – Louis de Pardaillan de Gondrin, French courtier, freemason and great-grandson of Madame de Montespan (d. 1743)
November 12
- Emmerich Joseph von Breidbach zu Bürresheim, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz from 1763 to 1774 and Prince-Bishop of Worms from 1768 to 1774 (d. 1774)
- Joseph du Pont Duvivier, Acadian-born military leader of the French (d. 1760)
November 15 – Prince Adarnase of Kartli, Georgian prince royal (d. 1784)
November 23 – Anna Karolina Orzelska, adventuress and Polish szlachcianka (noblewoman) (d. 1769)
November 28 – Giammaria Mazzucchelli, Italian writer, bibliographer and historian (d. 1765)
December 2
- Karl Christoph von der Goltz, lieutenant general in the Prussian army during the reign of Frederick the Great (d. 1761)
- Johann Julius Hecker, German educator who established the first Realschule and Prussia's first teacher-education institution (d. 1768)
December 4 – Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Mademoiselle du Maine, granddaughter of Louis XIV of France and his mistress Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1743)
December 11 – Paul von Werner, chief of the Prussian Hussar Regiment No. 6 (d. 1785)
December 17 – Ernest Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1745)
December 18
- Walter Calverley-Blackett, British baronet and politician (d. 1777)
- Charles Wesley, English Methodist leader, brother of John Wesley (d. 1788)
December 22 – Johann Amman, Swiss-Russian botanist (d. 1741)
December 25 – Sir Joseph Hoare, 1st Baronet, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1801)
date unknown
- Giuseppe Bonici, Maltese architect and military engineer (d. 1779)
- Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Italian rabbi, mystic, and philosopher (d. 1746)
probable William Hoare, English painter (d. 1792)

1708

January 1 – Anton Wilhelm Plaz, German physician and botanist (d. 1784)
January 3 – Johannes Van Rensselaer, member of the prominent colonial Van Rensselaer family (d. 1783)
January 10 – Donat Nonnotte, French painter who specialized in portraiture (d. 1785)
January 14 – Charles Armand René de La Trémoille, French soldier and president of the States of Brittany (d. 1741)
January 15 – Giovanni Salvemini, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1791)
January 17 – Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos (d. 1771)
January 23 – Luigi Crespi, Italian painter (d. 1779)
January 25 – Pompeo Batoni, Italian painter (d. 1787)
January 26 – William Hayes, composer (d. 1777)
January 27
- Robert Marsham, English naturalist considered to be the founding father of phenology (d. 1797)
- Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1777)
January 30 – Georg Dionysius Ehret, botanist and entomologist known for his botanical illustrations (d. 1770)
February 3 – Johann Michael Hartung, German organ builder and public figure from Dürkheim (d. 1763)
February 8 – Václav Jan Kopřiva, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1789)
February 11 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer who studied in Naples and worked in Italy (d. 1775)
February 15
- Alexander Hume-Campbell, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 1760)
- Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont, Scottish politician (d. 1794)
February 19 – Scrope Berdmore, English clergyman (d. 1770)
February 23 – Chauncy Townsend, City of London merchant and a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1770)
February 25 – Felix Benda, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1768)
February 29
- Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné, French naval commander (d. 1794)
- Peter Jefferson, father of US President Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) (d. 1757)
March 5
- Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (d. 1797)
- Moritz Franz Kasimir von Wobersnow, Prussian major general of infantry and a general adjutant of Frederick the Great (d. 1759)
March 8 – John Campbell, Scottish author (d. 1775)
March 15 – John Hulse, British Anglican priest (d. 1790)
March 17 – Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1760)
March 22 – Ernst Henrich Berling, German-Danish book printer and publisher (d. 1750)
March 26 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere (d. 1774)
March 31 – Jean Chastel, farmer and inn-keeper from the province of Gévaudan in France (d. 1790)

April 3
- Johann Christian Cuno, German poet (d. 1783)
- Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis, French lawyer (d. 1791)
April 5 – Augustin-Joseph de Mailly, French general (d. 1794)
April 6 – Johann Georg Reutter, Austrian composer (d. 1772)
April 12 – Rose Fuller, West Indies plantation owner and politician (d. 1777)
April 18 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament between 1731 and 1747 (d. 1775)
April 23 – Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (d. 1754)
April 25 – John Seccombe, author (d. 1792)
April 28 – Johann Rudolf Engau, German jurist (d. 1755)
May 1 – Lionel Tollemache, 4th Earl of Dysart (d. 1770)
May 5 – Johann Adolf Scheibe, German-Danish composer and significant critic and theorist of music (d. 1776)
May 8 – Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra, Italian Catholic Cardinal of the noble Colonna di Sciarra family (d. 1763)
May 13
- Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and the Bishop of Münster from 1761 to 1784 (d. 1784)
- John Spencer, British nobleman and politician (d. 1746)
May 25 – Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford, English nobleman and peer (d. 1732)
May 29 – Henry Bilson-Legge, English statesman and three times as Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1764)
May 30 – Daniel Gralath, physicist and a mayor of Danzig (d. 1767)
June 5 – Roger Townshend, British soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
June 17 – Annibale degli Abati Olivieri, Italian archaeologist (d. 1789)
June 19 – Johann Gottlieb Janitsch, German Baroque composer (d. 1763)
June 20 – François-Élie Vincent, French painter of portrait miniatures (d. 1790)
June 24 – Sir Henry Harpur, 5th Baronet, English baronet and politician (d. 1748)
June 25 – Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers, French military officer in the King George's War (d. 1750)
June 29 – Silvester Gardiner, physician (d. 1786)

July 5 – Thomas Phillips, English Jesuit priest (d. 1774)
July 8
- Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, French playwright and writer (d. 1775)
- Johann Jakob Zeiller, Austrian painter (d. 1783)
July 10 – Johannes Enschedé, Dutch printer (d. 1780)
July 17 – Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1769)
July 19 – Philip Francis, Anglo-Irish clergyman and writer (d. 1773)
July 22 – Nathaniel Ames, Colonial American physician (d. 1764)
August 26
- Pierre-Joseph Bernard, French military man and salon poet with the reputation of a rake (d. 1775)
- Matteo Capranica, Italian composer (d. 1776)
August 29 – Olof von Dalin, Swedish nobleman (d. 1763)
August 31 – Sir John Rogers, 3rd Baronet (d. 1773)
September 2 – André le Breton, French publisher (d. 1779)^[118]
September 4 – Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, officer of the marines, colonial administrator for New France (d. 1777)
September 6 – Charles Stanhope, Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby (d. 1736)
September 9 – Paul Egede, Dano-Norwegian theologian (d. 1789)
September 10 – Mathias Collett, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1759)
September 16 – Catharina Freymann, Norwegian educator and pietist leader (d. 1791)
September 24 – Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra, Archbishop of Manila (d. 1764)
September 25 – Thomas Wood, British politician and MP (d. 1799)
September 26 – Ignatius Sichelbart, German-Bohemian Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1780)

October 2 – William Sutherland, 17th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1750)
October 4 – Antonio Francesco Vezzosi, Italian Theatine and biographical writer (d. 1783)
October 5 – Johann Christoph Petzold, German sculptor who mainly worked in Denmark (d. 1762)
October 9 – Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, French nobleman, bibliophile and military man (d. 1780)
October 12 – John Wall, English physician (d. 1776)
October 16 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (d. 1777)
October 20 – Francis Webber, Anglican priest (d. 1771)
October 22
- Antoine-François, marquis de Lambertye, French aristocrat of the Ancien Régime (d. 1777)
- Louis Günther II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1790)
- Frederic Louis Norden, Danish naval captain and explorer (d. 1742)
October 27
- Hill Boothby, English friend and late love of Samuel Johnson (d. 1756)
- Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, French architect and structural engineer (d. 1794)
November 7
- William Plumsted, mayor of Philadelphia in 1750 (d. 1765)
- Henry Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (d. 1750)
November 15 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1778)^[119]
November 16 – Gregorio Babbi, Italian operatic tenor (d. 1768)
November 28 – Sir John Frederick, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1783)
November 30 – Antoine de Laurès, French poet and playwright from Languedoc (d. 1779)
December 2
- Theodorick Bland of Cawsons, clerk of the court of Prince George County, Virginia (d. 1784)
- Marianus Königsperger, German composer, organist and Catholic Monk of the Benedictine Order (d. 1769)
December 3 – Alessandro Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Cerveteri, 2nd Principe di Cerveteri (d. 1779)
December 6 – Christopher Dufrost de La Jemeraye, Canadian explorer and cartographer (d. 1736)
December 8
- Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1765)
- Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, Welsh diplomat, writer and satirist (d. 1759)
December 10
- John Poulett, 2nd Earl Poulett (d. 1764)
- Peregrine Poulett, British politician and MP (d. 1752)
December 16 – Robert Livingston, third and final Lord of Livingston Manor (d. 1790)
December 18 – John Collier, English caricaturist and satirical poet aka Tim Bobbin (d. 1786)
December 28 – Sigmund von Haimhausen, Bavarian aristocrat (d. 1793)

date unknown
- Baal Shem of London, German-born Kabbalist (d. 1782)
- Richard Dawes, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
- Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet, hymnwriter (d. 1776)

1709

January 2 – Teresia Constantia Phillips, British autobiographer (d. 1765)
January 13 – Mollie Sneden, operator of a ferry service at Palisades, New York in the United States (d. 1810)
January 17
- Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini, Italian cardinal (d. 1782)
- George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton (d. 1773)
- Margaret Rolle, 15th Baroness Clinton (d. 1781)
January 24 – Dom Bédos de Celles, Benedictine monk and master pipe organ builder (d. 1779)
February 7 – Charles de Brosses French writer (d. 1777)
February 9 – George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, British politician (d. 1780)
February 11 – William Courtenay, 1st Viscount Courtenay (d. 1762)
February 12 – Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg, French physician (d. 1779)
February 16 – Henrika Juliana von Liewen, Swedish political salonnière (d. 1779)
February 24 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor of mechanical automata (d. 1782)
February 27 – Timothy Woodbridge American missionary, deacon, schoolteacher, judge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1774)
March 1 – William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland (d. 1762)
March 10
- James Bentham, English clergyman (d. 1794)
- Georg Wilhelm Steller, German botanist (d. 1746)
March 14 – Sten Carl Bielke, scientist and member of the Swedish parliament (d. 1753)
March 17 – Nicolò Arrighetti, Italian professor of natural philosophy (d. 1767)
March 18 – Johannes Gessner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1790)
March 31 – Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, French naval general, governor of Martinique, governor general of the Windward Islands (d. 1781)

April 2 – Josiah Taft, farmer, local official, and Massachusetts legislator (d. 1756)
April 6 – Thomas Hopkinson, lawyer (d. 1751)
April 7 – William Stewart, 1st Earl of Blessington (d. 1769)
April 14 – Charles Collé, French dramatist and songwriter (d. 1783)
April 17 – Giovanni Domenico Maraldi, Italian-born astronomer (d. 1788)
April 27 – Sir Francis Blake, 1st Baronet, of Twizell Castle (d. 1780)
April 30 – Christian Gottlieb Ludwig, German physician and botanist born in Brieg (d. 1773)
May 1 – Joachim Wasserschlebe, German-Danish diplomat (d. 1787)
May 9 – Mihály Salbeck, doctor of philosophy, priest of the Society of Jesus, and teacher (d. 1758)
May 24 – Théodore Tronchin, Genevan physician (d. 1781)
May 27 – Margaret Lloyd, Welsh Moravian worker and activist (d. 1762)
June 4 – Tomás Sánchez, veteran Spanish captain who founded Laredo (d. 1796)
June 9
- Nathaniel Booth, 4th Baron Delamer, English peer who served as Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1765 (d. 1770)
- Francis Towneley, English Catholic and supporter of the exiled House of Stuart or Jacobite (d. 1746)
June 11 – Joachim Martin Falbe, German portrait painter (d. 1782)
June 15 – Louis, Count of Clermont (d. 1771)
June 28 – Nathan Tupper, farmer (d. 1784)

July 4 – Antonio Orgiazzi il Vecchio, Italian painter active mainly in the Valselsia (d. 1788)
July 5 – Étienne de Silhouette, French Ancien Régime Controller-General of Finances under Louis XV (d. 1767)
July 10 – William Berners, English property developer and slave owner (d. 1783)
July 11 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
July 15 – Antoine Matthieu Le Carpentier, French architect (d. 1773)
July 17
- Giovanni Carlo Bandi, Italian Cardinal who served as Bishop of Imola (d. 1784)
- Friedrich Christian Baumeister, German philosopher (d. 1785)
- Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (d. 1774)
July 24 – James Harris, grammarian (d. 1780)
August 8
- Hermann Anton Gelinek, German monk and musician (d. 1779)
- Johann Georg Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1755)
- Tokugawa Ietsugu, seventh shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty (d. 1716)
August 10 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan, French man of letters and erudition (d. 1784)
August 13 – William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper, British noble (d. 1764)
August 16
- Ludvig Harboe, Danish theologian and bishop (d. 1783)
- John Eardley Wilmot, English judge, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1766–1771) (d. 1792)
August 18 – John Storr, officer of the Royal Navy (d. 1783)
August 21 – Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1788)
August 26 – Guillaume Repin, French priest and martyr (d. 1794)
August 29 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, French poet and dramatist (d. 1777)
August 30 – Frobenius Forster, German Benedictine (d. 1791)
September 5 – Rudolf Füssli, Swiss painter (d. 1793)
September 10 – Hachisuka Munekazu, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1735)
September 12 – Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (d. 1756)
September 17 – Jagat Singh II, Maharana of Mewar Kingdom (d. 1751)
September 18 – Samuel Johnson, English poet, biographer, essayist, and lexicographer (d. 1784)
September 29 – Joseph Gerrish, soldier (d. 1774)

October 5
- Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (d. 1774)
- Ludovico Stern, Italian painter of the Rococo or late-Baroque period (d. 1777)
October 6 – Edward Kynaston, British landowner and Tory MP (d. 1772)
October 9
- Jean-Baptiste de Belloy, Archbishop of Paris and cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 1808)
- John Clayton, English clergyman (d. 1773)
October 12 – Lord Anne Hamilton, Scottish nobleman (d. 1748)
October 13 – John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence, Irish peer and politician (d. 1767)
October 16 – Johann Daniel Ritter, German historian (d. 1775)
October 17 – Jean-Gabriel Berbudeau, French-born surgeon who spent time practicing medicine in eastern Canada (d. 1792)
October 19 – Sewallis Shirley, British Member of Parliament in the reign of George II (d. 1765)
October 25
- Georg Gebel, German musician and composer (d. 1753)
- Jan Wagenaar, Dutch historian (d. 1773)
November 1 – Ignatius von Weitenauer, German Jesuit writer (d. 1783)
November 2 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Hanoverian-born regent of Friesland (d. 1759)
November 6 – Christopher Marshall, leader in the American Revolution (d. 1797)
November 15 – Dirk Klinkenberg, mathematician, amateur astronomer, secretary of the Dutch government for 40 years (d. 1799)
November 18 – Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely (d. 1783)
November 22 – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem, German Lutheran theologian during the Age of Enlightenment (d. 1789)
November 26 – - Battle of Samana
December 1 – Franz Xaver Richter, Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician (d. 1789)
December 9 – Pierre II Surette, art of the Acadian and Wabanaki Confederacy resistance against the British Empire in Acadia (d. 1789)
December 14
- Caspar Friedrich Hachenberg, rector of the Latin school of Wageningen, The Netherlands, and writer of Greek and Latin grammars (d. 1793)
- Charles Lawrence, British military officer who (d. 1760)
December 18 – Elizabeth of Russia, empress regnant of Russia (d. 1762)
December 21
- Charles Frederick, MP (d. 1785)
- Arnaud-François Lefèbvre, Apostolic Vicar of Cochin (d. 1760)
December 24 – Johann Evangelist Holzer, Austrian-German painter (d. 1740)

Deaths

1700

January 7 – Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquary (b. 1618)
January 12 – Marguerite Bourgeoys, French founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, in the colony of New France (b. 1620)
January 21 – Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, English politician (b. 1629)
January 30 – Clara Elisabeth von Platen, German noblewoman (b. 1648)
February 4 – John Bramston the Younger, English lawyer and MP (b. 1611)
February 5 – Louis Maracci, Italian priest (b. 1612)
February 12 – Aleksei Shein, Russian commander and statesman (b. 1662)
February 25 – James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (b. 1646)
March 2 – Jankibai, Empress consort of the Maratha Empire as the first wife of Rajaram Chhatrapati (b. 1675)
March 3
- Chhatrapati Rajaram Raje Bhonsale, 3rd Maratha Emperor (b. 1670)
- Girolamo Casanata, Italian cardinal (b. 1620)
March 4 – Lorenzo Pasinelli, Italian painter (b. 1629)
March 8 – William Dunlop, Covenanter (b. c. 1654)
March 14 – Henry Killigrew, English clergyman and playwright (b. 1613)
March 18 – Francesco Scannagatta, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (b. 1632)
March 26 – Heinrich Meibom, German physician and scholar (b. 1638)
May 1
- Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French administrator, diplomat and ambassador to Venetian Republic (b. 1623)
- Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (b. 1634)
May 5 – Angelo Italia, Sicilian architect (b. 1628)
May 12 – John Dryden, English poet and dramatist (b. 1631)
May 15 – John Hale, American witch hunter and pastor (b. 1636)
May 18 – Teofil Rutka, Polish philosopher (b. 1622)
May 23 – Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (b. 1631)
May 28 – Jan Six, important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1618)
May 31 – Agostino Scilla, Italian painter and scientist (b. 1629)
June 20 – Richard Gilpin, English nonconformist minister and physician (b. 1625)
June 29 – Olov Svebilius, Swedish priest and professor (b. 1624)
July 2
- Lambert Doomer, Dutch Golden Age landscape painter (b. 1624)
- Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1656)
- Hoshina Masakage, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (b. 1616)
July 7 – Silvestro Valier, 109th Doge of Venice (b. 1630)
July 10
- Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes and genre scenes (b. 1630)
- John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (b. 1655)
July 19 (found dead) – Thomas Creech, English translator of classical works, headmaster of Sherborne School (b. 1659)
July 22 – Alderano Cybo, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1613)
July 30 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, member of the English royal family (b. 1689)
August 17 – Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuchsamberg Amblimont, French naval officer, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1642)
August 22 – Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican academic (b. 1645)
August 30 – Sir Richard Cust, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
August 31 – William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax, English noble and politician (b. 1665)
September 7 – William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford, English noble and politician (b. 1616)
September 15 – André Le Nôtre, French landscape gardener (b. 1613)
September 16 – Martyrs of Cajonos, Mexican Catholic converts (b. c. 1660)
September 23 – Nicolaus Adam Strungk, German composer and violinist (b. 1640)
September 27 – Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli (b. 1615)
September 30 – Lorenzo Trotti, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Pavia (1672–1700) (b. 1633)
October 1 – Sir Samuel Grimston, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1643)
October 16 – Patriarch Adrian of Moscow, Russian Orthodox Church leader (b. 1627)
October 17 – Eligio Caracciolo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cosenza (1694–1700) (b. 1654)
October 23 – Anne Marie de Bourbon, daughter of the Prince of Condé and of a Bavarian princess (b. 1675)
October 27 – Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, abbot of La Trappe Abbey, founder of the Trappists (b. 1626)
October 31 – Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, of Punknoll (b. 1642)
November 1 – Charles II of Spain, King of Spain; last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire (b. 1661)
November 2 – Francis Turner, English bishop (b. 1637)
November 4 – Sebastián de Pastrana, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Paraguay (1693–1700) (b. 1633)
November 11 – Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (b. 1677)
November 16 – Paul Rycaut, British diplomat (b. 1629)
November 18 – Robert Walpole, English Whig politician, soldier and member of parliament (b. 1650)
November 25 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native-born mayor of New York City (b. 1643)
November 26 – Tokugawa Mitsutomo, daimyō of Owari Domain during early Edo period Japan (b. 1625)
December 5 – Mata Jito, first wife of the tenth Sikh Guru (b. 1673)
December 13 – Inoha Seihei, bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom (b. 1648)
December 15 – Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lérida (1699–1700) (b. 1643)
December 16 – Thomas Morgan, English politician (b. 1664)
December 18 – Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1624)
December 20 – Mary Bradbury, accused witch in Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1615)

date unknown
- Caius Gabriel Cibber, Danish sculptor working in England (b. 1630)
- Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1616)
- Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (b. 1645)

1701

January 3
- Fernand Palma d'Artois, Vicar Apostolic of Great Mogul and Titular Archbishop of Ancyra (b. 1623)
- Louis I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (b. 1642)
January 4
- Luís de Sousa, cardinal (b. 1630)
- Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1638)
January 6 – Toussaint Rose, French writer (b. 1611)
January 14 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (b. 1628)
January 17 – Domenico Belisario de Bellis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Molfetta (1696–1701) (b. 1647)
January 18 – Sir John Fagg, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1627)
January 27 – James Graham, English born colonial American politician (b. 1650)
February 10 – Savo Millini, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1644)
February 15 – François de Clermont-Tonnerre, French aristocrat and cleric (b. 1629)
February 27 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (b. 1661)
March 15 – Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (b. 1624)
March 19 – John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1646)
March 31 – Thomas van Rhee, Governor of Dutch Ceylon (b. 1634)
April 2 – Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1655)
April 4 – Joseph Haines, English entertainer and author
April 8 – Alexander Sforza, Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea in Ponto and Apostolic Nuncio to Savoy (b. 1658)
April 18 – Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, (1662–1701) (b. 1641)
April 21 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (b. 1667)
April 24 – Fernando de Carvajal y Ribera, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Santo Domingo (b. 1632)
May 8
- Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey, English noble (b. 1630)
- Jacob de Heusch, Dutch painter (b. 1656)
May 18 – Niwa Mitsushige, Edo period Japanese samurai, 2nd Niwa daimyō of Shirakawa Domain and the 1st Niwa daimyō of Nihonmatsu Domain (b. 1622)
May 20
- Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1663)
- Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Merseburg (b. 1634)
May 23
- Captain William Kidd, Scottish privateer (b. 1645)
- Anne Hilarion de Tourville, French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV (b. 1642)
May 26 – Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Danish-German princess (b. 1633)
May 30 – Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon, 17th-century English politician and Jacobite (b. 1650)
June 2
- Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1607)^[120]
- Anna Stanisławska, Polish author and poet known for her sole work (b. 1651)
June 7 – Charles Cotterell, English courtier (b. 1615)
June 9 – Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife (b. 1640)
June 24 – Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville (b. 1655)
July 5 – Pier Matteo Petrucci, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1636)
July 7 – William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
July 12 – Giovanni Battista Nepita, Bishop of Massa Lubrense and Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia (b. 1624)
July 14 – Lorenzo Kreutter de Corvinis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vieste (1697–1701) (b. 1658)
July 16 – Justus Danckerts, Dutch artist (b. 1635)
August 6 – William Hedges, the first governor of the East India Company (b. 1632)
August 20 – Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright (b. 1639)^[121]
August 22 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (b. 1628)
August 31 – Samuel Chappuzeau, French scholar (b. 1625)
September 4 – Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (b. 1661)
September 15 – Edmé Boursault, French writer (b. 1638)
September 16 – James II of England, King of England and Ireland, and of Scotland (as James VII) (b. 1633)
September 17 – Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest (b. 1631)
September 19 – Walter Moyle, English politician (b. 1627)
September 20 – Bernard Granville, courtier of King Charles II and MP (b. 1631)
September 28 – Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman (b. 1632)
October 3 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (b. 1633)
November 1 – Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray, Scottish nobleman (b. 1634)
November 5 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician (b. c. 1659)
November 9 – Hui-bin Jang, Korean royal consort (b. 1659)
November 27 – Maurizio Bertone, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Fossano (1678–1701) (b. 1639)
November 29 – Carlo Labia, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Adria and Archbishop of Corfù (b. 1624)
December 2 – Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (b. 1660)
December 21 – Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet, Scottish landowner (b. 1659)

1702

January 2 – Christian Adolf I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
January 7 – Ernst von Trautson, Austrian Roman Catholic clergyman who was Prince-Bishop of Vienna (b. 1633)
January 17 – Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski, Polish noble (b. 1642)
February 16 – John Milner, English clergyman (b. 1628)
February 17 – Peder Syv, Danish historian (b. 1631)
February 27 – Münejjim Bashi, Ottoman astrologer, Sufi, and historian
March 2 – Giuseppe de Lazzara, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Alife (1676–1702) (b. 1626)
March 4 – Ignatius Gregory Peter VI Shahbaddin, Patriarch of the Syriac Catholic Church from 1678 to 1702 (b. c. 1641)
March 8
- (buried) Jan de Baen, Dutch portrait painter (b. 1633)
- King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1650)
March 18 – Johannes Rothe, Dutch preacher (b. 1628)
March 23 – Joseph Oriol, Spanish Catholic priest, saint (b. 1650)
March 24 – Sir James Clavering, 1st Baronet, English landowner (b. 1620)
April 2 – Iver Leganger, Norwegian priest, non-fiction writer (b. 1629)
April 3
- Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
- Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1634)
April 12 – Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (b. 1637)
April 20 – Anna Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury, English countess (b. 1642)
April 22 – François Charpentier, French archaeologist and man of letters (b. 1620)
April 23 – Margaret Fell, English Quaker leader (b. 1614)
April 27
- Jean Bart, French naval commander and privateer (b. 1650)
- Emich Christian of Leiningen-Dagsburg, count (b. 1642)
May 10 – Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (b. 1638)
May 14 – Marc Hyacinthe de Rosmadec, French naval officer, appointed governor general of the French Antilles but died before taking office (b. 1635)
May 17 – Jan Wyck, Dutch military painter (b. 1645)
May 26 – Zeb-un-Nissa, Mughal princess and poet, imprisoned by her father for the last 20 years of her life (b. 1638)
May 27 – Dominique Bouhours, French critic (b. 1628)
June 1 – François Provost, career soldier from France who served in New France in 1665 (b. 1638)
June 2 – John Moore, Member of Parliament for the City of London (b. 1620)
June 7 – Benedetto Giacinto Sangermano, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1680–1702) (b. 1638)
June 20
- John Leyburn, English Roman Catholic bishop, Vicar Apostolic of England (b. 1615)
- Ippolito Vicentini, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Rieti (1670–1702) (b. 1638)
July 12 – Nanbu Shigenobu, Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1616)
July 19 – Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1671)
July 26 – Vincent van der Vinne, Dutch Mennonite painter (b. 1628)
August 1 – Sir William Courtenay, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1628)
August 8 – Callinicus II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1630)
August 14 – Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons and Prince of Savoy (b. 1657)
August 15 – Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (b. 1661)
September 11 – Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (b. 1635)
September 12 – Alfonso Basilio Ghetaldo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Stagno (1694–1702) (b. 1647)
September 17 – Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish architect (b. 1630)
September 20 – William Campion, English politician (b. 1640)
September 28 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, English statesman (b. 1641)
October 14 – Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (b. 1657)
October 15
- Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond, famous for refusing to become a mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1647)
- Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. 1662)
October 16 – Francesco Casati, Roman Catholic prelate, Titular Archbishop of Trapezus (1670–1702) (b. 1620)
October 17
- François Genet, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vaison (1686–1702) (b. 1640)
- Walrad, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, German prince and founder of the line of Nassau-Usingen (b. 1636)
October 22 – Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, French noble and soldier (b. 1630)
October 27 – Niccolò Radulovich, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1627)
November 2 – Andrés de las Navas y Quevedo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala (1682–1702) (b. 1632)
November 4 – John Benbow, English officer in the Royal Navy (b. 1653)
November 5 – William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby (b. 1655)
November 13 – Dudley Bradstreet, American magistrate, Justice of the Peace of Andover (b. 1648)
November 26 – Gerrit de Heere, Governor of Dutch Ceylon during its Dutch period (b. 1657)
November 29 – Nanbu Yukinobu, early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1642)
December 8
- Christopher Comstock, early settler of Norwalk (b. 1635)
- Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine, French nobleman and member of the House of Guise (b. 1643)
- Bartolomeo Riberi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nicotera (1691–1702) (b. 1640)
December 16 – Henry FitzJames, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill (b. 1673)
December 26 – Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl (b. 1663)

1703

January 9 – Úrsula Micaela Morata, Spanish writer (b. 1628)
January 11 – Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (b. 1632)^[122]
January 16 – Erik Dahlbergh, Swedish engineer, soldier and field marshal (b. 1625)
February 15 – Robert Kerr, 1st Marquess of Lothian (b. 1636)
February 18
- Thomas Hyde, English orientalist (b. 1636)
- Ilona Zrínyi, Hungarian heroine (b. 1643)
February 20 – John Churchill, Marquess of Blandford, British noble (b. 1686)
February 28 – Sir Roger Twisden, 2nd Baronet of England (b. 1640)

March 3 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (b. 1635)^[123]
March 12 – Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (b. 1627)
March 31 – Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (b. 1642)^[124]
April 1 – Thomas Jermyn, 2nd Baron Jermyn, Governor of Jersey (b. 1633)
April 20 – Lancelot Addison, English royal chaplain (b. 1632)^[125]
May 3 – Sir Richard Howe, 2nd Baronet, English Member of Parliament (b. 1621)
May 6 – John Murray, 1st Marquess of Atholl (b. 1631)
May 16 – Charles Perrault, French author (b. 1628)^[126]
May 26
- Louis-Hector de Callière, French politician (b. 1648)
- Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (b. 1633)^[127]
June 14 – Jean Herauld Gourville, French adventurer (b. 1625)
June 19 – William Stanhope, English politician (b. 1626)
July 17 – Roemer Vlacq I, Dutch naval captain (b. 1637)
July 20
- Changning, prince during the Qing dynasty (b. 1657)
- Statz Friedrich von Fullen, German-born nobleman (b. 1638)
August 10 – Fuquan (prince), Chinese Qing dynasty prince (b. 1653)
August 21 – Thomas Tryon, British hat maker (b. 1634)
September 22 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (b. 1622)
September 25 – Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor (b. 1658)
September 29 – Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier (b. 1610)
September 30 – Walter J. Johnson, English explorer, fur trader (b. 1611)
October 3 – Alessandro Melani, Italian composer (b. 1639)
October 5 – Anthony Ettrick, English politician (b. 1622)
October 8 – Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa, Royal Governor of Chile (b. 1650)
October 11 – Roger Cave, English politician (b. 1655)
October 14 – Thomas Kingo, Danish bishop (b. 1634)
October 28 – John Wallis, English mathematician (b. 1616)

November 19 – The Man in the Iron Mask (identity unknown)
November 27 – Henry Winstanley, English engineer (b. 1644)
November 30 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (b. 1672)^[128]
December 28 – Mustafa II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1664)
date unknown
- Phetracha, king of Ayutthaya (b. 1632)
- Anastasiya Dabizha, princess of Moldavia and Wallachia and Hetmana of Ukraine.

1704

January 4 – Giambattista Spinola, Italo-Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1615)
January 8 – Lorenzo Bellini, Italian physician, anatomist (b. 1643)
January 21
- Francisco de la Puebla González, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1694–1704) (b. 1643)
- Willem Bastiaensz Schepers, Dutch admiral (b. 1619)
January 26 – Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1627)
February 2 – Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (b. 1661)
February 8 – Johann Philipp Jeningen, German Roman Catholic priest from Eichstätt in Bavaria (b. 1642)
February 18 – Johann Philipp d'Arco (b. 1652)
February 21 – John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, German prince, ancestor of the cadet branch of the royal family of Bavaria (b. 1638)
February 23
- Steven Blankaart, Dutch entomologist (b. 1650)
- Georg Muffat, German composer (b. 1645)
- Henry Noris, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)
February 24 – Marc-Antoine Charpentier, French composer (b. 1643)
February 25 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer (b. 1620)
March 1 – Joseph Parrocel, French Baroque painter (b. 1646)
March 6 – Giuseppe Cei, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cortona (1695–1704) (b. 1640)
March 16 – Deane Winthrop, 6th son of Governor John Winthrop (b. 1623)
March 17 – Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (b. 1641)
March 31 – Christian Stockfleth, Norwegian civil servant and diplomat (b. 1639)
April 5 – Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels, German nobleman (b. 1652)
April 8
- Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist (b. 1624)
- Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English politician and army officer (b. 1641)
April 10 – Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (b. 1629)
April 12 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)
April 14
- Thomas Fitch, founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1612)
- Henderson Walker, Acting Deputy Governor of North Carolina from 1699 to 1704 (b. 1659)
April 15 – Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician and mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1628)
April 17 – Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (b. 1638)
April 20 – Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (b. 1629)
May 3
- Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Austrian composer (b. 1644)
- Estephan El Douaihy, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, historian (b. 1630)
May 8 – Sir John Cordell, 3rd Baronet, English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701 (b. 1677)
May 12 – Charles Thomas, Prince of Vaudémont (b. 1670)
May 13 – Louis Bourdaloue, French Jesuit preacher (b. 1632)^[129]
May 15 – Francis Pigott, English Baroque composer and organist (b. 1665)
May 18 – David van der Plas, Dutch Golden Age portrait painter (b. 1647)
May 30 – Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania, ruler of Anhalt-Köthen (b. 1671)
June 13 – Arthur Rose, Scottish minister (b. 1634)
June 15 – Anna Eriksdotter becomes the last person to be executed for Witchcraft in Sweden. (b. 1624)
June 18 – Tom Brown, English satirist (b. 1662)
June 27 – Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg (b. 1679)
June 30 – John Quelch, English pirate who had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year (b. 1666)

July 2 – John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (b. 1634)
July 3 – Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent (b. 1657)
July 7 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. c. 1657)
July 14 – Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia (b. 1657)
July 17 – Juan Manuel Mercadillo, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Córdoba (1695–1704) (b. 1643)
July 18 – Benjamin Keach, English Particular Baptist preacher (b. 1640)
July 20 – Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1620)
July 28 – Juan de Porras y Atienza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Coria (1684–1704) and Bishop of Ceuta (1681–1684) (b. 1627)
August 11 – Francis Barlow, English painter (b. c. 1626)
August 14 – Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)
August 19 – Jane Leade, English Christian mystic (b. 1624)
September 6 – Francesco Provenzale, Italian Baroque composer and teacher (b. 1624)
September 21 – Maria Antonia Scalera Stellini, 17th-century Italian poet and playwright (b. 1634)
September 23 – Alessandro Croce, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cremona (1697–1704) (b. 1650)
October 2 – Carlo Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal and member of the Barberini family (b. 1630)
October 28
- John Locke, English philosopher (b. 1632)
- Goodwin Wharton, British politician (b. 1653)
October 30 – Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1649)
November 1 – John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1656)
November 4 – Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (b. 1654)
November 8 – Tommaso Guzzoni, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Sora (1681–1702) (b. 1632)
November 16 – Chikka Devaraja, fourteenth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1673 to 1704 (b. 1645)
November 20 – Charles Plumier, French botanist (b. 1646)
November 28 – Countess Palatine Magdalena Claudia of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, daughter of the Count Palatine Christian II (b. 1668)
December 1 – Joan Huydecoper II, Dutch mayor (b. 1625)
December 4 – William Byrd I, native of Shadwell (b. 1652)
December 5 – Louis Hennepin, Roman Catholic priest, missionary of the Franciscan Recollet Order (French (b. 1626)
December 11 – Roger L'Estrange, English pamphleteer, author (b. 1616)
December 13 – Gábor Esterházy, Hungarian imperial general and noble (b. 1673)
December 22
- Paolo Boccone, Italian botanist from Sicily (b. 1633)
- Selim I Giray, four times khan of the Crimean Khanate (b. 1631)
December 27 – Hans Albrecht von Barfus, field marshal in the service of Brandenburg and Prussia (b. 1635)

1705

January 7 – Giovanni Battista Spínola, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Genoa (1694–1705) (b. 1625)
January 10 – Johannes van Haensbergen, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1642)
January 12 – Luca Giordano, Italian artist (b. 1634)
January 14 – Madame d'Aulnoy (b. 1650)
January 17 – John Ray, English naturalist (b. 1627)
January 21 – Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (b. 1631)
February 1 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I (b. 1668)
February 5 – Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (b. 1635)
February 13 – Charles Auger, French colonial administrator (b. 1644)
February 15 – Jean-Baptiste de Gennes (b. 1656)
February 18 – William "Tangier" Smith, Moroccan mayor (b. 1655)
March 10 – John Temple, Irish politician (b. 1632)
March 13 – Curt Christoph von Koppelow (b. 1624)
March 22 – Christian Heinrich Postel, German jurist (b. 1658)

April 2 – John Howe, English Puritan theologian (b. 1630)
April 5 – Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (b. 1627)
April 6 – Odoardo Cibo, Roman Catholic prelate and Titular Patriarch of Constantinople (1689–1705) (b. 1619)
April 17 – Uldericus Nardi, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Bagnoregio (1698–1705) (b. 1637)
May 5
- Johann Ernst Glück, German theologian, translator (b. 1652)
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1640)
June 10 – Michael Wigglesworth, Puritan minister (b. 1631)

July 5 – Alonso Antonio de San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cuenca (1681–1705) and Bishop of Oviedo (1675–1681) (b. 1642)
July 13 – Titus Oates, English priest who fabricated the "Popish Plot" (b. 1649)
July 27 – Elizabeth Wilbraham (b. 1632)
July 30 – Nathaniel Felton, landowner in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and served as a juryman (b. 1615)
July 31
- Lucio Borghesi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chiusi (1682–1705) (b. 1642)
- Maria Hueber, Catholic nun (b. 1653)
August 6 – Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg, second Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg from 1677 until his death (b. 1655)
August 13 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French aristocrat (b. 1646)
August 16 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1654)
August 28
- Ludvig Stoud, Danish-Norwegian theologian and priest (b. 1649)
- George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1624)
September 2 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (1696–(b. 1636)
September 4 – Peter Barwick, English physician and author (b. 1619)
September 12 – Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1634)
September 13
- Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (b. 1660)
- Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, Field Marshal in the Austrian army (b. 1669)
- Emeric Thököly, Hungarian nobleman (b. 1657)
September 17 – Gregorio Compagni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Larino (1703–1705) and Bishop of Sansepolcro (1696–1705) (b. 1640)
September 26 – Tommaso d'Aquino, bishop of Sessa Aurunca (b. 1635)
September 30 – Anne Camm, early British Quaker preacher (b. 1627)

October 9 – Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist (b. 1633)
October 11 – Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
October 17 – Ninon de l'Enclos, French author (b. 1620)
October 27 – Thyrsus González de Santalla, Spanish theologian, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1624)
November 6 – John Platt, American settler (b. 1632)
November 10 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife (b. 1636)
November 15 – Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewoman (b. 1661)
November 21 – John Deming, early Puritan settler and original patentee of the Connecticut Colony (b. c. 1615)
November 23 – Prince William of Denmark, youngest son of Christian V of Denmark and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1687)
December 7 – William Lowther, English landowner and politician (b. 1639)
December 12 – John Easton, political leader in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (b. 1624)
December 18 – Valentin Stansel, Czech Jesuit astronomer who worked in Brazil (b. 1621)
December 22 – Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr (b. 1664)
December 23 – Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia (b. 1680)
December 26 – Fateh Singh, fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh (b. 1697)
December 31 – Catherine of Braganza, widowed queen consort of Charles II of England and regent of Portugal (b. 1638)
date unknown – Meg Shelton, alleged witch from Lancashire

1706

January 10 – Luisa Roldán, Spanish artist (b. 1652)
January 17 – Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet, of Whitehaven, English politician (b. 1642)
January 21 – Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (b. 1649)
January 29 – Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (b. 1638)
February 5 – Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (b. 1636)
February 12 – Balthasar Kindermann, German poet (b. 1636)
February 27 – John Evelyn, English writer, gardener and diarist (b. 1620)
March 1 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
March 3 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
March 6 – García Felipe de Legazpi y Velasco Altamirano y Albornoz, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tlaxcala (b. 1643)
March 31 – Sultan Muhammad Akbar, Mughal prince (b. 1657)
April 8 – Caspar Schamberger, German surgeon and merchant (b. 1623)
April 10 – Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1666)
April 12 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire, English earl and politician (b. 1619)
April 25 – Thomas Hinckley, last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1618)
April 27 – Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1675–1706) (b. 1649)
May 2 – Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (b. 1661)
May 26 – Marcantonio Barbarigo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and venerable (b. 1640)
July 2 – Beatriz Kimpa Vita, Congolese prophet (b. 1684)
July 9 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (b. 1661)
August 6 – Jean-Baptiste du Hamel, French cleric and natural philosopher (b. 1624)
August 23 – Edward Nott, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1654)
August 26 – Michael Willmann, German painter (b. 1630)
September 1 – Cornelis de Man, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
September 9 – Ferdinand de Marsin, Marshal of France (b. 1656)
September 16 – Matthias Petersen, sea captain and whaler from the North Frisian island of Föhr (b. 1632)
September 26 – Onofrio Gabrieli, Italian painter (b. 1619)
October 13 – Iyasus I of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
October 17 – William Jones, English lawyer, Deputy Governor of Connecticut (b. 1624)
October 26 – Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, music theorist, and composer (b. 1645)
November 9 – Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop (b. 1619)
November 15 – Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)
November 16 – Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest, Dutch admiral (b. 1642)
November 20 – Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1658)
December 3 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (b. 1637)
December 9 – King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)
December 12 – Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1645–1692) and Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1692–1706) (b. 1635)
December 28 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (b. 1647)
Byerley Turk, thoroughbred stallion (b. c. 1684)

Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (b. 1660)

1707

January 1 – Eleanor de Moura, former Spanish viceroy of Sicily (b. c. 1642)
January 4 – Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, Germany (b. 1655)
January 8 – John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of Stair, Scottish politician (b. 1648)
January 10 – Philibert, comte de Gramont, French writer (b. 1621)
January 16 – William Bowes, English politician (b. 1657)
January 20
- Humphrey Hody, English theologian (b. 1659)
- Leopold Karl von Kollonitsch, Hungarian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)
January 22 – Richard Towneley, English mathematician and astronomer from Towneley near Burnley (b. 1629)
February 22 – Giacinto Calandrucci, Italian painter (b. 1646)

March 3 – Aurangzeb, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1618)
March 17 – Elisabeth Charlotte, Countess of Holzappel (b. 1640)
March 27 – Jean-François Gerbillon, French Jesuit missionary active in China (b. 1654)
March 30 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French noble and military engineer noted for designing fortifications (b. 1633)
April 2 – Gérard Edelinck, Flemish engraver (b. 1640)
April 6 – Willem van de Velde the Younger, Dutch painter (b. 1633)
April 24 – Walter Charleton, English natural philosopher (b. 1619)
April 26 – Johann Christoph Denner, German musical instrument maker (b. 1655)
April 28 – Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg (b. 1653)
April 29 – George Farquhar, Irish dramatist (b. 1677)
May 3 – Michiel de Swaen, Flemish poet (b. 1654)
May 9 – Dieterich Buxtehude, German composer (b. c. 1637)
May 10 – Johann Ernst III, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1664)
May 19 – Jean II d'Estrées, French noble (b. 1624)
May 21 – Joan Geelvinck, Dutch politician (b. 1644)
May 24 – Henri Albert de La Grange d'Arquien, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1613)
May 27 – Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, mistress of King Louis XIV of France (b. 1641)
May 31 – Simon Patrick, English theologian and bishop (b. 1626)
June 8 – Muhammad Azam Shah, Mughal emperor (b. 1653)
June 15 – Giorgio Baglivi, Armenian doctor and writer (b. 1668)
June 21 – Robert Phelips, English politician (b. 1619)
June 23 – John Mill, English theologian (b. c. 1645)
June 27 – Johann Zahn, German author (b. 1641)
August 7 – Henry Poley, English politician (b. 1654)
August 18 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier, statesman (b. 1640)
August 20 – Nicolas Gigault, French organist and composer (b. 1627)
September 12 – Samuel Willard, American theologian (b. 1640)
September 15 – George Stepney, British poet and diplomat (b. 1663)
September 21 – Wilhelmus Beekman, Dutch politician (b. 1623)
September 24 – Vincenzo da Filicaja, Italian poet (b. 1642)
October 10 – Johann Patkul, Livonian nobleman, politician (b. 1660)
October 22 – Sir Cloudesley Shovell, British admiral, drowned (b. 1650)
November 26 – Leonhard Dientzenhofer, German architect (b. 1660)
November 27 – Fitz-John Winthrop, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (b. 1637)
December 1 – Jeremiah Clarke, English composer and organist, suicide (b. 1674)
December 24
- Noël Coypel, French painter (b. 1628)
- Karolina of Legnica-Brieg, Silesian noblewoman (b. 1652)
December 27
- Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale, English earl, politician (b. 1654)
- Jean Mabillon, French palaeographer, diplomat (b. 1632)
date unknown
- Maria Clara Eimmart, German astronomer, engraver and designer (b. 1676)
- Julie d'Aubigny, French swordswoman, opera singer (b. 1670)
- Umze Peljor, Bhutanese head of government and monk

1708

January 31 – Friedrich Seyler, Swiss theologian (b. 1642)
March 5 – William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (b. 1637)
March 15 – William Walsh, English/British politician (b. 1662)
March 19 – Samuel Rodigast, German poet, hymnwriter (b. 1649)
April 5 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (b. 1661)
April 17 – Jacques Gravier, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (b. 1651)
April 20 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (b. 1659)
April 23 – Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632–1708) (b. 1622)
May 6 – François de Laval, first bishop of New France (b. 1623)
May 11 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (b. 1646)
May 12 – Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
June 5 – Ignatius George II, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (b. 1648)^[130]
June 21 – John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton, Scottish politician (b. 1656)
June 28 – Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1629)
June 30 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (stabbed to death) (b. 1706)
July 5 – Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, only child of Duke Charles II (b. 1652)
July 10 – James Kendall, English soldier, politician (b. 1647)
July 21 – Conrad von Reventlow, Danish statesman and the first Grand Chancellor of Denmark (b. 1644)
August 1 – Edward Tyson, British scientist (b. 1651)
September 6 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1623)
September 19 – Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford, English politician (b. 1620)
September 29 – Sir James Oxenden, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1641)
October 1 – John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
October 2 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)

October 7 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (b. 1666)
October 9 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (b. 1638)
October 10 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (b. 1659)
October 11 – Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)^[131]
October 21 – Christian Weise, German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (b. 1642)
October 22
- Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (b. 1626)
- Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)^[132]
October 24 – Seki Kōwa, Japanese mathematician (b. c. 1640)
October 28 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1653)
October 31 – Nathaniel Higginson, English politician (b. 1652)
November 3 – Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (b. 1637)
November 10 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (b. 1646)
November 13 – Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (b. 1648)
November 16 – Alexander Edward, Scottish landscape architect (b. 1651)
November 17 – Ludolf Bakhuizen, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
December 16
- Juan Ortega y Montañés, Spanish Catholic bishop, colonial administrator in Guatemala and New Spain (b. 1627)
- Nicolas Pasquin, early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (b. 1648)
December 22 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (b. 1681)
December 28 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (b. 1656)
Date unknown – Anna Maria Clodt, Swedish courtier (b. ?)
Date unknown – Joaquim Juncosa, Carthusian monk and Baroque painter (b. 1631)^[133]

1709

January 20 – François de la Chaise, French confessor of Louis XIV of France (b. 1624)
January 22 – Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury, English politician (b. 1654)
January 24 – George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)
January 26 – Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (b. 1646)
February 8 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658)
February 9 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (b. 1664)
February 11 – Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, German artist (b. 1622)
February 17 – Erik Benzelius the Elder, Swedish theologian (b. 1632)
February 19 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1646)
March 9 – Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat (b. 1638)
March 21 – Burchard de Volder, Dutch mathematician (b. 1643)
April 1 – Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (b. 1643)
April 2 – Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (b. 1639)
April 5 – Roger de Piles, French painter (b. 1635)
April 8 – Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
April 20 – Johann Ernst von Thun, Tyrolean Catholic bishop (b. 1643)
April 21
- Gurgin Khan (George XI of Kartli), Persian Governor of Kandahar (b. 1651)
- Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano, Prince of Savoy (b. 1628)
June 25 – Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death (b. 1647)
June 29 – Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (b. 1644)
June 30 – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
July 17 – Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (b. 1646)
August 24 – Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German princess (b. 1640)
August 31 – Andrea Pozzo, Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (b. 1642)
September 4 – Jean-François Regnard, French comic poet (b. 1655)
September 7 – Gunno Dahlstierna, Swedish poet (b. 1661)
September 14 – Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b. 1635)
October 2 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (b. 1639)
October 5 – Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer (b. 1636)
October 9 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
October 31 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (b. 1638)
November 4 – Barend Graat, Dutch painter (b. 1628)
November 23 – William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (b. 1649)
November 29 – Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, English noble (b. 1632)
December 1 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)
December 7 – Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (b. 1638)
December 8 – Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (b. 1625)^[134]
December 15 – Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1637)
December 31
- Pierre Cally, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1630)
- Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet, English statesman (b. 1647)
date unknown – John Coode, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1648)
probable date – Eleanor Glanville, English entomologist (b. 1654)

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