Airline hub

Airline hubs are airports that an airline uses as a transfer point to get passengers to their intended destination. It is part of a hub and spoke model, where travelers moving between airports not served by direct flights change planes en route to their destinations.^{[citation needed]} This is as opposed to the Point to Point model. Many hubs of the airlines are also situated at airports in the cities of the respective head offices.^{[citation needed]}

Some airlines may use only a single hub, while other airlines use multiple hubs. Hubs are used for both passenger flights as well as cargo flights.^{[citation needed]}

Many airlines also use focus cities, which have a good catchment area and function much the same as hubs, but on a smaller scale and may also function as feeders to main hubs. Some airlines also use the term secondary hubs for large focus cities.^[1]

A hub in the middle of a route is more effective than at either end as connecting traffic more easily fills the plane - passengers prefer a one-stop (two-leg) route over a two-stop (three-leg) route.^[2]

Another use of the phrase airline hub is an for airports ranked as such in the FAA airport categories which are re-evaluated every year based on number of commercial passengers.

Fortress hub

Template:Globalize/US

A fortress hub is an airport where a single airline's share of flights is at or above the monopoly standard of 70 percent of flights in and out of the hub.^[3] For example, in 2010 US Airways occupied 85 (plus 1 shared with Lufthansa) out of 97 total gates and accounted for approximately 90% of passenger traffic at Charlotte Douglas International Airport.^[4]^[5] Another example is at Cincinnati (CVG) and Detroit (DTW), both Delta Air Lines hubs. New entrants, such as Spirit Airlines at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, AirTran at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, and Spirit Airlines at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, allege to have been the target of exclusionary practices by the dominant carrier. Some observers argue that the existence of such hubs can stifle competition; Pro Air's battle with Northwest when it briefly flew out of Detroit City Airport is often cited as an example.^[6] Northwest was able to out compete the short-lived discount carrier by matching its fares and offering more frequent flights. Although these competitive measures have nothing to do with hub status per se, they are indicative of the measures a hub airline will take to defend its preferred position at a hub airport. The existence of fortress hubs makes possible the use of airline booking ploys such as "hidden city" ticketing.

Examples of fortress hubs for airline alliances include but are not limited to:

Multiple alliances

These hubs are not fortress hubs because the hub airport hosts multiple alliance carriers:

2

Major passenger airlines and their hubs

References

^ Heymann, Eric, Hans-Joachim Frank, and Norbert Walter. "The future of the hub strategy in the air transport industry." Deutsche Bank Research (2006).
^ Schofield, Adrian (27 August 2012). "Competition Heats Up As Carriers Contest Kangaroo Routes". Aviation Week. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
^ Dr. Mark N. Cooper (1999-01-22). "Freeing Public Policy from the Deregulation Debate: The Airline Industry Comes of Age" (PDF). Consumer Federation of America: 10–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-17. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
^ Source: City of Charlotte & Mecklenburg County, May 2005; US Airways, June 2005 A fortress hub is difficult for new entrant carriers to penetrate.
^ "Appendix A: Statement of Enforcement Policy Regarding Unfair Exclusionary Conduct" (PDF). pp. 10–11. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
^ "Online NewsHour: Air Fares - June 15, 1998". Pbs.org. 1998-06-15. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
^ [1], [2], [3], [4]
^ "Hub Cities: Air Canada.com" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-04.
^ http://news.delta.com/2014-06-16-Delta-celebrates-milestone-launch-of-Seattle-Hong-Kong-service
^ "Delta Airlines moving to Terminal A next week - San Jose Mercury News". Mercurynews.com. Retrieved 2013-10-04.

External links

[1] Heymann, Eric, Hans-Joachim Frank, and Norbert Walter. "The future of the hub strategy in the air transport industry." Deutsche Bank Research (2006).

[2] Schofield, Adrian (27 August 2012). "Competition Heats Up As Carriers Contest Kangaroo Routes". Aviation Week. Retrieved 22 November 2012.

[3] Dr. Mark N. Cooper (1999-01-22). "Freeing Public Policy from the Deregulation Debate: The Airline Industry Comes of Age" (PDF). Consumer Federation of America: 10–11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-03-17. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

[4] Source: City of Charlotte & Mecklenburg County, May 2005; US Airways, June 2005 A fortress hub is difficult for new entrant carriers to penetrate.

[5] "Appendix A: Statement of Enforcement Policy Regarding Unfair Exclusionary Conduct" (PDF). pp. 10–11. Retrieved 2007-03-28.

[6] "Online NewsHour: Air Fares - June 15, 1998". Pbs.org. 1998-06-15. Retrieved 2013-10-04.

[7] [1], [2], [3], [4]

[8] "Hub Cities: Air Canada.com" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-04.

[9] ttp://news.delta.com/2014-06-16-Delta-celebrates-milestone-launch-of-Seattle-Hong-Kong-service

[10] "Delta Airlines moving to Terminal A next week - San Jose Mercury News". Mercurynews.com. Retrieved 2013-10-04.

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v t e Commercial aviation
Airlines	Airline codes Airline holding companies Cargo airline Charter airlines Flag carriers Low-cost airlines Non-scheduled airline Passenger airlines Regional airlines
Alliances	Oneworld SkyTeam Star Alliance Value Alliance Vanilla Alliance U-FLY Alliance
Trade groups	International ACO ATAG IATA IATAN IFALPA ISTAT United States A4A RAA Europe A4E ASD ECA EBAA ERA ETWF Other regions AACO AAPA AFRAA RAAA
Aircrew	Pilot in command (Captain) First officer Second officer Third officer Relief crew Flight attendant Flight engineer Loadmaster Aircraft pilot Purser Dead mileage
Airliner	Travel class First class Business class Premium economy class Economy class Basic economy class Aircraft cabin Aircraft lavatory Aircraft seat map Airline meal Airline seat Buy on board Crew rest compartment In-flight entertainment Inflight smoking Galley Sickness bag
Airport	Aerodrome Airline hub Airport check-in Airport lounge Airport rail link Airport terminal Airside pass Airstair Boarding Domestic airport Gate International airport Jet bridge Low-cost carrier terminal Runway Transit hotel
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Airline tickets	Airline booking ploys Airline reservations system Airline ticket Airline timetable Bereavement flight Boarding pass Codeshare agreement Continent pass Electronic ticket Fare basis code Flight cancellation and delay Frequent-flyer program Government contract flight One-way travel Open-jaw ticket Overbooking (Overselling) Passenger name record Red-eye flight Round-the-world ticket Standby Tracking Travel agency Travel website
Ground crew	Aircraft maintenance technician Aircraft ground handling Baggage handler Flight dispatcher
Miscellaneous	Air cargo Air travel Aviation taxation and subsidies Mile high club

Fortress hub

Oneworld

SkyTeam

Star Alliance

Multiple alliances

Major passenger airlines and their hubs

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

Caribbean

Oceania

South America

See also

References

External links