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The ''Pesaha appam'' is derived from the ancient bread of Jewish tradition.<ref name="Menachery">[[George Menachery|Menachery, G.]], ed. (1973) ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India'', B. N. K. Press, vol. 2, {{ISBN|81-87132-06-X}}, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B. N. K. Press</ref><ref name="Menachery1">Menachery, G. (ed.) (1982) ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India'', B. N. K. Press, vol. 1;</ref><ref name="Menachery2">Menachery, G. (ed.) (1998) ''The Indian Church History Classics, Vol. I, The Nazranies'', Ollur, 1998. {{ISBN|81-87133-05-8}}.</ref><ref name="Podipara">Podipara, Placid J. (1970) ''The Thomas Christians''. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1970. (is a readable and exhaustive study of the St. Thomas Christians.)</ref><ref name="Lbrown">Leslie Brown, (1956) ''The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956, 1982 (repr.)</ref><ref name="Puthiakunnel">Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", ''The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India'', ed. George Menachery, Vol. II. Trichur.</ref><ref name="Koder">Koder S. "History of the Jews of Kerala". ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India''l ed. G. Menachery, 1973.</ref><ref name="VPillai">T. K. Velu Pillai, (1940) ''The Travancore State Manual''; 4 volumes; Trivandrum)</ref> During Passover, the bread is prepared without yeast, in accordance with the commemoration of Pesaha or Passover in the [[Old Testament]]. This unleavened bread is prepared only for Passover, and is called as ''Pesaha appam,'' or Passover unleavened bread.
The ''Pesaha appam'' is derived from the ancient bread of Jewish tradition.<ref name="Menachery">[[George Menachery|Menachery, G.]], ed. (1973) ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India'', B. N. K. Press, vol. 2, {{ISBN|81-87132-06-X}}, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B. N. K. Press</ref><ref name="Menachery1">Menachery, G. (ed.) (1982) ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India'', B. N. K. Press, vol. 1;</ref><ref name="Menachery2">Menachery, G. (ed.) (1998) ''The Indian Church History Classics, Vol. I, The Nazranies'', Ollur, 1998. {{ISBN|81-87133-05-8}}.</ref><ref name="Podipara">Podipara, Placid J. (1970) ''The Thomas Christians''. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1970. (is a readable and exhaustive study of the St. Thomas Christians.)</ref><ref name="Lbrown">Leslie Brown, (1956) ''The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar'', Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956, 1982 (repr.)</ref><ref name="Puthiakunnel">Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", ''The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India'', ed. George Menachery, Vol. II. Trichur.</ref><ref name="Koder">Koder S. "History of the Jews of Kerala". ''The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of India''l ed. G. Menachery, 1973.</ref><ref name="VPillai">T. K. Velu Pillai, (1940) ''The Travancore State Manual''; 4 volumes; Trivandrum)</ref> During Passover, the bread is prepared without yeast, in accordance with the commemoration of Pesaha or Passover in the [[Old Testament]]. This unleavened bread is prepared only for Passover, and is called as ''Pesaha appam,'' or Passover unleavened bread.


The ''Pesaha'' celebration of Saint Thomas Christians falls on Western [[Maundy Thursday]] and lasts for a single day, unlike [[halakha|halakhic]] passover which lasts for 7-8 days.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Nagarajan|first=Saraswathy|date=2021-03-30|title=‘Pesaha’ appam is a must on Maundy Thursday in many Christian households in Kerala|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/the-tradition-of-making-pesaha-appam-on-maundy-thursday-in-christian-households-of-kerala/article34198692.ece|access-date=2021-06-21|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Waring|first=Olivia|date=2018-03-29|title=What is Pesaha Appam and why is it eaten on Maundy Thursday?|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/03/29/pesaha-appam-eaten-maundy-thursday-7425280/|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Metro|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=പെസഹാ അപ്പം വീട്ടില്‍ തയ്യാറാക്കാം|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/food/recipies/kerala/pesaha-appam-recipe-kerala-1.5562214|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref>
The ''Pesaha'' celebration of Saint Thomas Christians falls on Western [[Maundy Thursday]] and lasts for a single day, unlike [[halakha|halakhic]] passover which lasts for 7-8 days.{{Citation needed|date=June 2021}}


''Pesaha pal'' (passover coconut milk) is served along with ''Pesaha appam'' on the night of Passover.<ref name="Koder"/> Some families{{Who|date=June 2021}} have the custom of singing traditional [[Saint Thomas Christian music|Kerala Nasrani Christian songs]] on Passover night.<ref name= "Choondal">Chummar Choondal (1983) Christian folk songs, Kerala Folklore Academy pp 33-64</ref> This tradition of ''Pesaha appam'' is observed by the entire Malabar Nasrani people as well as the Malabar [[Cochin Jews]].<ref name="Koder"/>
''Pesaha pal'' (passover coconut milk) is served along with ''Pesaha appam'' on the night of Passover.<ref name="Koder"/> Some families{{Who|date=June 2021}} have the custom of singing traditional [[Saint Thomas Christian music|Kerala Nasrani Christian songs]] on Passover night.<ref name= "Choondal">Chummar Choondal (1983) Christian folk songs, Kerala Folklore Academy pp 33-64</ref> This tradition of ''Pesaha appam'' is observed by the entire Malabar Nasrani people as well as the Malabar [[Cochin Jews]].<ref name="Koder"/>

Revision as of 11:06, 21 June 2021

Pesaha appam
Pesaha appam (unleavened bread) and Pesaha milk made during Passover by Saint Thomas Syrian Christians of Kerala, India.
Alternative namesIndari appam
Created byJewish diaspora[1]
Serving temperatureDinner[2]
Main ingredientsRice batter
VariationsPalappam (fermented bread for festivities and other days), injera (Ethiopian yeast risen flatbread), lahoh (in Yemenite Jewish cuisine)[1]
Other informationCultural cuisine of the Nasrani[1] community and Malabar Jewish community.[1] It is not prepared on any other day except on Passover. The leftovers are to be finished by the next day and any other left over on the third day if at all is to be burned according to the rules in Leviticus.
Pesaha Appam of another variant.

Pesaha appam (lit. 'Passover unleavened bread') or Inriyappam or Kurisappam[2] is the unleavened Passover bread made by the Saint Thomas Syrian Christians of Kerala, India to be served on the night of Maundy Thursday.[2] The whitish Pesaha appam is a firm rice cake. It is made from rice batter like palappam,[3] but is different from palappam in that Pesaha appam is not fermented with yeast in its preparation.[4] The meal also includes small banana variants in Kerala such as poovan pazham or njalipoovan pazham.[2] The brown palkurukku is made mainly using jaggery and coconut milk. A cross is made using the palm leaves from Palm Sunday and placed in the middle of the batter.[4][5]

Traditionally, Pesaha appam is served in a ceremonial manner on Passover night in Saint Thomas Syrian Christian households across Kerala. The head of the family cuts the appam, dips it in paalukurukku (syrup) or Pesaha pal (Passover milk), and serves it to the other family members.[3]

The Pesaha appam is derived from the ancient bread of Jewish tradition.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] During Passover, the bread is prepared without yeast, in accordance with the commemoration of Pesaha or Passover in the Old Testament. This unleavened bread is prepared only for Passover, and is called as Pesaha appam, or Passover unleavened bread.

The Pesaha celebration of Saint Thomas Christians falls on Western Maundy Thursday and lasts for a single day, unlike halakhic passover which lasts for 7-8 days.[14][15][16]

Pesaha pal (passover coconut milk) is served along with Pesaha appam on the night of Passover.[12] Some families[who?] have the custom of singing traditional Kerala Nasrani Christian songs on Passover night.[17] This tradition of Pesaha appam is observed by the entire Malabar Nasrani people as well as the Malabar Cochin Jews.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Marks, Gil (2010) Encyclopedia of Jewish Food, John Wiley and sons
  2. ^ a b c d "Pesaha of Mar Thoma Nasranis". Nasrani Foundation. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b Amprayil, Kuruvilla Cherian (16 March 2008). "Kerala Nazranee Pesaha Receipes". Nasrani Syrian Christians Network. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
  4. ^ a b "Pesaha Appam and pal, the toast of Holy Thursday". Manorama. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  5. ^ "Pesaha Appam". Mathrubhumi. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
  6. ^ Menachery, G., ed. (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, B. N. K. Press, vol. 2, ISBN 81-87132-06-X, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B. N. K. Press
  7. ^ Menachery, G. (ed.) (1982) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, B. N. K. Press, vol. 1;
  8. ^ Menachery, G. (ed.) (1998) The Indian Church History Classics, Vol. I, The Nazranies, Ollur, 1998. ISBN 81-87133-05-8.
  9. ^ Podipara, Placid J. (1970) The Thomas Christians. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1970. (is a readable and exhaustive study of the St. Thomas Christians.)
  10. ^ Leslie Brown, (1956) The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syrian Church of Malabar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1956, 1982 (repr.)
  11. ^ Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, ed. George Menachery, Vol. II. Trichur.
  12. ^ a b c Koder S. "History of the Jews of Kerala". The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopaedia of Indial ed. G. Menachery, 1973.
  13. ^ T. K. Velu Pillai, (1940) The Travancore State Manual; 4 volumes; Trivandrum)
  14. ^ Nagarajan, Saraswathy (30 March 2021). "'Pesaha' appam is a must on Maundy Thursday in many Christian households in Kerala". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  15. ^ Waring, Olivia (29 March 2018). "What is Pesaha Appam and why is it eaten on Maundy Thursday?". Metro. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  16. ^ "പെസഹാ അപ്പം വീട്ടില്‍ തയ്യാറാക്കാം". Mathrubhumi. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  17. ^ Chummar Choondal (1983) Christian folk songs, Kerala Folklore Academy pp 33-64

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