List of megaprojects
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This is a list of megaprojects, which may be defined as:
- Projects that cost more than US$1 billion and attract a large amount of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, the natural and built environment, and budgets.
- Projects that are "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public".[1]
Some examples include bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems. This list identifies a wide variety of examples of major historic and contemporary projects that meet one or both megaproject criteria identified above.
Legend
Terms used in the Status Column | Status Color |
---|---|
Proposed | |
In Planning, Approved, Under/In Development, Under Construction, Re-Construction In Progress, Nearly Complete | |
On Hold | |
Abandoned, Cancelled | |
Completed |
Aerospace projects
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/B787_flyby_Farnborough.jpg/220px-B787_flyby_Farnborough.jpg)
- Airbus A380, a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by Airbus.
- Antonov An-225 was the longest and heaviest aircraft in service. Only one unit was ever completed.
- Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the first nuclear bomber, which cost 50% more than the development of the bombs in the Manhattan Project.
- Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, with six decades of service as a strategic nuclear bomber, it is one of the largest military aircraft ever built. Every other bomber produced in the US after the B-52 have been megaprojects; however, it has not been replaced nor will it be in the foreseeable future.
- Boeing 2707 and Lockheed L-2000 supersonic aircraft projects, initiated in 1963 via a US government-funded competition to build the United States' first Supersonic Transport (SST), prototypes never built, ultimately canceled due to political, environmental and economic reasons in 1971.
- Boeing 747, a wide-body commercial airliner first produced in 1970, often referred to by the nickname Jumbo Jet,[2][3] is among the world's most recognizable aircraft with uses for long-distance passenger transport, cargo, the US President's official shuttle plane, and as NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
- Boeing 787, made in the United States with local and globally sourced parts, is the first major aircraft to be made largely out of composite materials.[4]
- Concorde, a supersonic passenger airliner, a product of an Anglo-French government treaty that combined the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation, first flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for twenty-seven years.
- Convair B-58 Hustler, an all-weather, high altitude supersonic bomber with a fixed delta wing and 4 engines. The Hustler was operational from 1960 to 1970 in the US Air Force's Strategic Air Command for the deployment of up to 5 gravity nuclear weapons.
- Lockheed C-5 Galaxy was the largest and heaviest aircraft of any kind for over a decade (1970 to 1982). This military cargo plane was the first development program with a billion dollar cost overrun.[5][6]
- F-22 Raptor, a single seat, twin-engine fifth-generation fighter manufactured by Lockheed Martin that uses stealth technology.
- F-35 Lightning II, a single seat, single engine, all-weather stealth multirole combat aircraft that is intended to perform both air superiority and strike missions.
- Sukhoi Su-57/HAL FGFA, two variants of fifth-generation stealth fighters jointly being developed by Sukhoi and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for the Russian and the Indian Air Forces as a combined effort by Russia and India.
- Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, also known as the Stealth Bomber, a US heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth. Total program cost including development, engineering, and testing averaged $2.1 billion per aircraft in 1997.[7]
- KH-11 reconnaissance satellite, manufactured by Lockheed Corporation and launched between 1976 and 1990.
- Rockwell B-1 Lancer, a supersonic bomber with a variable-sweep wing built in the 1980s as a strategic bomber. It has since acquired conventional and multi-role capabilities.
- Tupolev Tu-144, the first supersonic transport aircraft, made by the Russian aircraft company Tupolev, first flown on 31 December 1968 and entered service on 26 December 1975.
- Tupolev Tu-160, the world's largest and heaviest combat aircraft, the world's largest supersonic aircraft, and the largest variable-sweep aircraft ever built. (The North American XB-70 Valkyrie had a higher empty weight and maximum speed but never entered production.)
Disaster cleanup
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Construction_of_the_new_sarcophagus_in_Chernobyl.jpg/220px-Construction_of_the_new_sarcophagus_in_Chernobyl.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Valdez_Trash_Pile.jpg/220px-Valdez_Trash_Pile.jpg)
While most megaprojects are planned and undertaken with careful forethought, some are undertaken out of necessity after a natural disaster occurs. There have also been a few human-made disasters.
- The Chernobyl New Safe Confinement was built to enclose the #4 reactor that was destroyed in the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 (completed summer 2019[8][9])
- The Fukushima disaster cleanup is ongoing, and includes the removal of spent nuclear fuel stored at the site of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
- Cleaning up the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Exxon Valdez oil spill, and AZF chemical factory explosion were megaprojects.[10]
- Many hurricanes and typhoons have caused extensive damage and required large cleanup efforts, the largest of which included projects that targeted the damaged infrastructure. The list of costliest Atlantic hurricanes covers the ones in the Atlantic region, including Hurricane Katrina from 2005.
- Many earthquakes (and resultant tsunamis) have caused enough damage to infrastructure that enormous projects were undertaken. The 1994 Northridge earthquake, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami are some of the most notorious and recent events that led to a megaproject.
- Flooding is the cause of many disasters. Some have caused enough damage that a megaproject would be used to recover. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and the 2011 Mississippi River floods are examples.
- The cleanup and recovery from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in rural Washington state was of megaproject proportions.[11]
- Major restoration was necessary after the destruction caused by World War I and II, some of which was paid for by German reparations for World War I and for World War II.
Energy projects
- Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, an inactive nuclear power plant in Morong, Bataan in the Philippines. It was completed in 1984 with a cost of over US$2.3 billion, around 7 percent of the country's GDP at the time and equivalent to US$5.8 billion in 2022.[12][13] The plant never opened due to political change and safety issues, and its planned reactivation has become the focal point of the Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines.[14][15][16][17]
- Boundary Dam Power Station, the world's first large-scale, coal-fired carbon capture and storage plant.[18]
- Olkiluoto 3, a nuclear power-plant in Eurajoki, Finland, planned to be completed in September 2022.
- Kemper Project, or Kemper County Energy Facility, is the world's first construction attempt of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant with Carbon Capture & Sequestration.[19] However, after significant delays and cost overruns, the gasification process is currently suspended and the power plant runs just on regular natural gas.
- The Panamanian Natural Gas electric power plant is a project with an investment of 1.15 billion US dollars located in Colon province. It is also meant as a port for supplying Natural Gas to other Central American countries.[20]
- Tres Amigas SuperStation, an interconnection to connect the Eastern Interconnection to the Western Interconnection and the Texas Interconnection. This will effectively connect nearly all electrical grids in North America.
- Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydro-electric facility in the world, located on the Yangtze River in Hubei Province, China.
- Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station, was a project to construct some of the first new nuclear units in the United States in over 30 years, at an existing nuclear power plant in Jenkinsville, South Carolina. The project was cancelled and all work stopped in July 2017.[21]
- Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, is a project to construct two new nuclear units at an existing nuclear power plant in Waynesboro, Georgia.
- Australia-Asia Power Link, a proposed electricity infrastructure project that is planned to include the world's largest solar plant, the world's largest battery, and the world's longest submarine power cable. Estimates place construction costs at A$30 Billion.[citation needed]
Name | Capacity (MW) |
Location | Year Completed |
---|---|---|---|
Bhadla Solar Park | 2,245 | Rajasthan, India | 2020[22][23][24] |
Pavagada Solar Park | 2,245 | Karnataka, India | 2019[25][26] |
Tengger Desert Solar Park | 1,547 | Ningxia, China | 2016[27][28] |
Benban Solar Park | 1,500 | Egypt | 2019 |
Noor Abu Dhabi | 1,177 | United Arab Emirates | 2019[29] |
Name | Capacity (MW) |
Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park | 1000 | Bahawalpur, Pakistan | Phase-1 of 100 MW Operational since 2015. other under construction. |
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility | 392 | Mojave Desert, California, USA | Operational since February 2014. Located southwest of Las Vegas. |
Solar Energy Generating Systems | 354 | Mojave Desert, California, USA | Commissioned between 1984 and 1991. Collection of 9 units. |
Mojave Solar Project | 280 | Barstow, California, USA | Completed December 2014 |
Solana Generating Station | 280 | Gila Bend, Arizona, USA | Completed October 2013 Includes a 6h thermal energy storage |
Genesis Solar Energy Project | 250 | Blythe, California, USA | Completed April 2014 |
Science projects
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Construction_of_LHC_at_CERN.jpg/200px-Construction_of_LHC_at_CERN.jpg)
- Atacama Large Millimeter Array
- Copernicus programme, €8.4 Billion European satellite project for global, total and permanent Earth observations.
- COVID-19 vaccine
- Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment and the Long Baseline Neutrino Facility, proposed 2014, est. start date for phase I ($3B) is 2032.[30]
- Electron-ion collider (under construction)
- Envisat, an Earth observation satellite of European Space Agency (2002–2012)
- European Spallation Source, strongest ever spallation source for advanced and new material research development.
- European X-ray free electron laser, used for material research (since 2017).
- Extreme Light Infrastructure, European centers for the most intense lasers (under construction)
- Extremely Large Telescope, world's largest optical to mid infrared telescope (under construction)
- Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, in Germany (2012–)[31]
- Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), the world's largest static/semi-static radio telescope measuring 500 meters across located in Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
- Giant Magellan Telescope, a large ground-based optical and near infrared telescope (under construction)
- Human Genome Project, investigation to determine human genetic sequence (1990–2003) – cost $14.5bn, but generated an output of $965bn, personal income exceeding $293bn and more than 4.3 million job-years of employment.[32]
- India-based Neutrino Observatory (under construction)
- ITER, International nuclear fusion project, in France (under construction) at a cost of $20bn.
- Large Hadron Collider, a 13 TeV CERN particle accelerator, in Switzerland and France (2000-ongoing)[33]
- Advanced LIGO, a large-scale physics experiment and observatory to measure gravitational waves, with total cost more than US$1 billion.[34]
- Manhattan Project, in the United States (1945) – 30bn in 2012 dollars[35]
- Materials Genome Initiative, an advanced manufacturing partnership[36]
- MYRRHA, prototype of an accelerator-driven system to transmute nuclear waste.
- National Ignition Facility, United States nuclear fusion project (1997-ongoing)
- Ocean Networks Canada cabled Observatories. Largest underwater observatories, providing 24/7 access to hundreds of instruments in the Pacific Ocean and the Salish Sea (2005–)
- Proton Improvement Project, "PIP II" (under construction), estimated cost in 2022 is $1.28B.[37]
- Square Kilometre Array in South Africa and Australia (under construction)
- Superconducting Super Collider, canceled 40 TeV particle accelerator in Texas (1991–1993)
- Tevatron 1 TeV particle accelerator, in the United States (1983–2011)
- Thirty Meter Telescope, a large optical and near infrared telescope (under construction)
- Very Large Array, a radio astronomy observatory in the US
- Wendelstein 7-X, an experimental stellarator (nuclear fusion reactor) in Greifswald, Germany.
Spacecraft
- Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, a planned X-ray telescope being developed by ESA which will launch in 2035.
- Cassini–Huygens, a joint NASA/ESA/ASI spacecraft mission studying the planet Saturn and its many natural satellites since 2004. The total cost of this project is about $3.26 billion.[38]
- Chandrayaan program, a lunar exploration program of ISRO of India.
- Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 6, a series of lunar exploration spacecraft sent by People's Republic of China for their lunar exploration program, equipped with landers, orbiters and rover. It will for the first time in history explore the 'dark-side' of the Moon.
- Compass navigation system, an independent system of satellite navigation by People's Republic of China (Est. 2015–2017)
- Europa Clipper, an interplanetary mission in development by NASA to study Jupiter's moon Europa. (2022–)
- Gaia spacecraft, an ESA mission to create a 3D map of local Milky Way. ($1 billion,[39] since 2013)
- Galileo Navigation Satellite System, a European Union and European Space Agency global satellite navigation system, €5 billion[40] (since 2016)
- Galileo spacecraft, a mission to Jupiter (1989–2003) ($1.5 billion as 2003.[41][42])
- Global Positioning System, a global satellite navigation system created by the United States Department of Defense, $21.7 billion or more[43] (since 1973)
- GLONASS, the Russian global navigation satellite system (since 1982)
- Herschel Space Observatory, ESA space observatory sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre bands (€1.1 billion[44])
- Hubble Space Telescope, an optical telescope orbiting in low Earth orbit, $10 billion (1978–)
- International Space Station, multinational space station in low Earth orbit (1998–), 150bn in 2010 dollars[45]
- James Webb Space Telescope (launched in 2021 cost $8.8 billion in 2013[46])
- Juno spacecraft, a NASA New Frontiers mission to the planet Jupiter (2011– )
- Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, a planned mission to Jupiter (Est. 2022)
- Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, an L3 class mission by ESA designed to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves.
- Lunokhod ("Moonwalker"), was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world.
- Mars program was a series of uncrewed spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters.
- Mars Science Laboratory (with Curiosity rover), $2.5 billion[47]
- Mars 2020, a Mars rover mission by NASA's Mars Exploration Program, launched 30 July 2020.
- Mir, Russian space station in low Earth orbit (1986–2001).
- Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, a planned wide field infrared space telescope by NASA.
- NAVIC, the Indian equivalent of GPS developed by ISRO.
- Orion spacecraft, a planned spacecraft that is being built by Lockheed Martin for NASA.
- Planck spacecraft, an ESA's mission to measure the cosmic microwave background.
- Venera (Venus) series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus. Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to land on Venus and first to transmit data from there back to Earth.
- Sutherland Spaceport, a planned space port in the north of Scotland
Other spaceflight projects
- Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a $2 billion particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station since 2011[48]
- Apollo program (1960–1975), as a centerpiece of the US Space Program, culminated in crewed exploratory missions to the Moon, $203.4 billion in 2015 dollars[49]
- Ariane, a family of European launch vehicles; the most recent development is Ariane 6
- Avatar RLV, Indian version of the Space Shuttle, being developed by the DRDO and ISRO.
- Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world's first and largest operational space launch facility. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the Soviet space program.
- Buran program, canceled Soviet version of the Space Shuttle (1980–1993)
- Constellation program, canceled planned moon landing spacecraft and space shuttle replacement, part lives on as future Crew Escape Vehicle for ISS (2005–2010)
- SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure, a privately funded spaceflight system capable of enabling human settlements on Mars (2016– )
- Kennedy Space Center, the main spaceport for US crewed space flight, located in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
- Shenzhou program, Chinese human spaceflight program (since 1992)
- Soyuz program, Soviet/Russian human spaceflight program (since 1966)
- Soviet Moonshot, canceled Moon landing program (1962–1969)
- Space Launch System, an American Space Shuttle-derived heavy expendable launch vehicle (2011– )
- Space Shuttle program (1972–2011), low Earth orbiters designed as crewed cargo vessels that could be reused after each spaceflight and landed like a glider, $203.6 billion in 2015 dollars[50]
- Vostochny Cosmodrome ("Eastern Spaceport") is a Russian spaceport on the 51st parallel north in the Amur Oblast, in the Russian Far East.
- Vostok program, Soviet program to put the first man in space (1959–1963)
Sports and culture projects
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2020) |
Every Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup in the latter part of the twentieth century and entering into the 21st century has cost more than $1 billion in arenas, hotels etc., usually several billions.
Indian Sports Megaprojects
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sardar Vallbhbhai Patel Sports Enclave | Ahmedabad, Gujarat | Completed | US$640 million | |
Narendra Modi Stadium | Ahmedabad, Gujarat | Completed | US$110 million | It is the largest cricket stadium in the world with a seating capacity of 132,000 spectators.[51] |
Olympic Games
Note: Some values are not shown on the other list due to research, which needs verification. The listed costs were converted to US Dollars at the time of the games.
FIFA World Cup
Major League Baseball (MLB)
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Globe Life Field | Arlington, Texas | Completed | $1,100,000,000 | This retractable-roof stadium opened in 2020 as the new home of the Texas Rangers.[52] |
Yankee Stadium | New York City (Bronx), New York | Completed | $2,309,000,000 ($3.28 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
This open-air stadium opened in 2009 as the replacement for the New York Yankees' original Yankee Stadium.[54] It has since become home to a Major League Soccer team, New York City FC. |
National Basketball Association (NBA)
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Barclays Center | Brooklyn, New York | Completed | $1,000,000,000 ($1.33 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
Opened in 2012 as the new home of the Brooklyn Nets. Also served as full-time or part-time home of the NHL's New York Islanders from 2015 to 2020.[55] |
National Football League (NFL)
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Allegiant Stadium | Paradise, Nevada | Completed | $1,900,000,000 | This domed stadium opened in 2020 as home to the Las Vegas Raiders as well as a local college team, the UNLV Rebels.[56] |
AT&T Stadium | Arlington, Texas | Completed | $1,300,000,000 ($1.85 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
A retractable-roof stadium that opened in 2009 as the new home of the Dallas Cowboys. It also hosts other major events, most notably the Big 12 Championship Game and Cotton Bowl Classic in college football.[57] |
Levi's Stadium | Santa Clara, California | Completed | $1,300,000,000 ($1.67 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
An open-air stadium that opened in 2014 as the new home of the San Francisco 49ers.[58] |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium | Atlanta, Georgia | Completed | $1,600,000,000 ($1.99 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
A retractable-roof stadium that opened in 2017 as the new home of the Atlanta Falcons, as well as Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer. |
MetLife Stadium | East Rutherford, New Jersey | Completed | $1,600,000,000 ($2.24 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
An open-air stadium that opened in 2011 as the new home of two NFL teams, the New York Giants and New York Jets. |
SoFi Stadium | Inglewood, California | Completed | $4,900,000,000 | This domed stadium opened in 2020 as home to two NFL teams, the Los Angeles Rams (which own the stadium) and Los Angeles Chargers.[59] |
U.S. Bank Stadium | Minneapolis, Minnesota | Completed | $1,061,000,000 ($1.35 billion in 2023 dollars[53]) |
A domed stadium that opened in 2016 as the new home of the Minnesota Vikings.[60] |
National Hockey League (NHL)
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Climate Pledge Arena | Seattle, Washington | Completed | $1,050,000,000 | Renovation and expansion of Seattle's main indoor arena for the Seattle Kraken, which started NHL play in the rebuilt venue in 2021. The originally planned cost of $700 million was increased due to changes to the arena plans and COVID-19 issues. A very small part of the total cost was to pay for another major arena tenant, the Seattle Storm of the WNBA, to move its home games to other area venues during the project. The arena will also be suitable for a potential NBA franchise in the city.[61] |
UBS Arena | Elmont, Nassau County, New York | Completed | $1,000,000,000 | Construction of this new arena started in 2019 and opening commenced in 2021. This new multi-use arena is designed to handle 18,000 seats to host New York Islanders home games.[62] This new arena also includes other multi-use functions. |
Chinese megaprojects
Project | City, Province | Status | Cost (Chinese Yuan Renminbi) | Cost (USD) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium | Guangzhou, Guangdong | Under Construction | ¥12,000,000,000 | $1,700,000,000 | Construction on this 100,000-seat football (soccer) stadium, the future home of Guangzhou F.C. of the Chinese Super League, began in April 2020 and is scheduled to be complete in 2022.[63] |
UK megaprojects
Project | City | Status | Cost (local currency) | Cost (USD) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tottenham Hotspur Stadium | London, England | Completed | £850,000,000 | $1,120,000,000[a] | Opened in 2019 as the new home of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. Also designed to host American football games in the NFL International Series.[64] |
Wembley Stadium | London, England | Completed | £798,000,000 (£1.4 billion in 2019 pounds[65]) |
$1,564,000,000[b] | Opened in 2007 as the new home of the England national football team; also designed to host many other large events.[66] |
Roads and transport infrastructure
Ground transportation systems like roads, tunnels, bridges, terminals, railways, and mass transit systems are often megaprojects. Numerous large airports and terminals used for airborne passenger and cargo transportation are built as megaprojects.
Africa
West Africa
African Union
- Great Green Wall of Sahara
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Third_Mainland_Bridge.jpg/200px-Third_Mainland_Bridge.jpg)
Nigeria
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abuja Light Rail | Abuja, FCT | Under Construction | $2,650,000,000 | The Abuja Light Rail project is a light rail transport system that is underway in Abuja in Federal Capital Territory. The first phase of the project connects the city centre to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, stopping at the Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway station in Idu. The first 12 stations opened in July 2018.[67] The first phase of the project cost $824 million,[68] while the second phase is projected to cost $1.79 billion.[69] |
Fourth Mainland Bridge | Ikorodu to Lekki, Lagos State | Under Development | $4,200,000,000 | The fourth mainland bridge will join three other bridges connecting the Island of Lagos to the mainland. The 38 km bridge and expressway will become the longest bridge and expressway in the world when completed.[70] |
Lagos–Calabar Railway | From Lagos, Lagos to Calabar, Cross River | Under Development | $11,920,000,000 | The Lagos–Calabar Railway is a planned standard gauge railway that will run from Lagos through to Calabar. The first phase of the project (Calabar-Port Harcourt) is expected to be completed by 2018. The total length of the rail will be 1,402 kilometres.[71][needs update] |
Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway | From Lagos, Lagos to Kano, Kano State | Under Construction | $8,300,000,000 | The Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway is a standard gauge railway across Nigeria, from the port of Lagos to Kano, near the Niger border. The railway will run parallel to the British-built Cape gauge line, which has a lower design capacity and is in a deteriorated condition. The Abuja-Kaduna route is completed and operational, whilst the Lagos-Ibadan route is underconstruction, and several other routes are underdevelopment. The total length of the rail will be 2,733 kilometres.[72] |
Lagos Rail Mass Transit | Lagos, Lagos | Under Construction | $3,600,000,000 | The Lagos Rail Mass Transit is an urban rail system being developed and under construction in Lagos. The system is envisioned to consist eventually of seven lines.[73] The railway equipment, including electric power, signalling, rolling stock, and fare collection equipment, will be provided by the private sector under a Concession Contract, while LAMATA is responsible for policy direction, regulation, and infrastructure for the network. The first section of the network, Phase I of the Blue Line, was originally planned to be completed in 2011. After many delays caused by funding shortfalls, the opening date was revised to 2022.[74] |
Third Mainland Bridge | Lagos, Lagos State | Completed | Unknown | The Third Mainland Bridge is currently the longest of three bridges connecting the island of Lagos to the mainland. It was completed in 1990 and became the longest bridge in Africa. The bridge was built by Julius Berger Nigeria PLC and it measures about 11.8 km in length. |
Asia
East Asia
People's Republic of China
Project | City/District/Province/Prefecture | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) | Area from Kashgar, China to South coast of Pakistan | Under Development | $62,000,000,000 | The project aims to connect Gwadar Port in southwestern Pakistan (Central Asia/South Asia) to China's northwestern (East Asia) autonomous region of Xinjiang, via a network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas.[75] The economic corridor is considered central to China–Pakistan relations and will run about 3,000 km from Gwadar to Kashgar. Other than transport infrastructure, the economic corridor will provide Pakistan with telecommunications and energy infrastructure. The project also aims to improve intelligence sharing between the countries. |
Beijing Daxing International Airport | Daxing District, Beijing & Guangyang District, Langfang, Hebei Province | Completed | $17,000,000,000 | Completed and Opened November 2019. |
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HKZMB) | Pearl River Delta | Completed | $10,600,000,000 | Opened in 2018. |
Japan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Japanese Yen ¥) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japan's Maglev High-Speed Rail (Chūō Shinkansen) | Tokyo–Nagoya–Osaka, Japan | Under Construction | ¥9,000,000,000,000 | $85,000,000,000 | JR Central aims to begin commercial service between Tokyo and Nagoya in 2027, with the Nagoya–Osaka section to be completed by 2037. |
South Korea
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Incheon International Airport | Incheon | Completed | $5,000,000,000+ | Construction of Phase 1 began in November 1992.[76] Phase 1 of the project opened 22 March 2001, after 8 years of construction and 6 additional months of testing of the systems as well as the runways. |
Incheon International Airport Phase 2 | Incheon | Completed | $4,600,000,000 | Construction of Phase 2 began in February 2002 and was completed 20 June 2008 prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China.[76] |
Incheon International Airport Phase 3 | Incheon | Completed | $4,500,000,000 | Construction of Phase 3 began in September 2013 and has been split into 2 phases itself.[76] Phase 3 was completed in 2016 ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. |
Incheon International Airport Phase 4[77] | Incheon | Under Construction | $3,700,000,000 | Construction of Phase 4 begins 2019 with the expansion of Terminal 2 and construction of an additional runway, which is expected to be completed by 2025. |
South Asia
Bangladesh
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Padma Bridge | Louhajong, Munshiganj, Shariatpur, Madaripur | Completed | $3,600,000,000 | The Padma Multipurpose Bridge is a multipurpose road-rail bridge across the Padma River, the main distributary of the Ganges, under construction in Bangladesh with its own resources. It connects Louhajong and Munshiganj to Shariatpur and Madaripur, linking the country's southwest to its northern and eastern regions. The Padma Multipurpose Bridge is considered the most challenging construction project in the history of Bangladesh. The two-level steel truss bridge carries a four-lane highway on the upper level and a single-track railway on the lower level. The bridge, with its 41 sections, each spanning 150.12 m (492.5 ft) the total length being 6.150 km (3.821 mi), with the width being 18.18 m (59.6 ft), is the longest bridge in Bangladesh, the second-longest in the Indo-Gangetic Plain after Bhupen Hazarika Setu in Assam and the longest over the Ganges in terms of both span and the total length. This bridge's highest depth of pile is 122 meters, which is the highest among all other bridges. Padma Multipurpose Bridge, when commissioned, is expected to boost the GDP of Bangladesh by as much as 1.2 percent. |
Dhaka Metro Rail | Dhaka | Under Construction | $2,800,000,000 | The Dhaka Metro Rail Line-6 consists of 16 elevated stations each 180m long and 20.1 km of electricity-powered light rail tracks. Construction began on 26 June 2016 and is expected to end by December 2022 |
Karnaphuli Tunnel | Chittagong | Under Construction | $1,200,000,000 | First underwater tunnel in the South Asian region, part of Dhaka-Chittagong-Cox's Bazaar highway network. Project is expected to end by December 2022. |
Bangabandhu Railway Bridge | Sirajganj, Jamuna River | Under Construction | $1,600,000,000 | A 4.8 km long railway bridge near Bangabandhu Bridge, is expected to be the largest dedicated rail bridge in the country. |
Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport–Terminal 3 | Dhaka | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000 | The expansion will include a passenger terminal with a floor area of roughly 226,000 m2 (2,430,000 sq ft); a 5,900 m2 (64,000 sq ft) square VIP complex; a 41,200 m2 (443,000 sq ft) cargo building; and multi-level car park building with a tunnel. Upon completion of the third terminal, passenger handling capacity of the airport will increase to 20 million from the current 8 million per annum. Cargo handling capacity will also increase to 500,000 from 200,000 tonnes annually. |
Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant | Ishwardi | Under Construction | $12,650,000,000 | It will be the country's first nuclear power plant, and the first of two units are expected to go into operation in 2023. |
Central Business District | Purbachal | Under Development | $17,000,000,000 | It will have three super-tall skyscrapers, surrounded by thirty-eight 40+ floor skyscrapers. |
India
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hyderabad Metro Rail | Hyderabad, Telangana | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000+ | This project is being constructed to respond to the rising need for public transport and mitigate escalating vehicular traffic. It was partially opened in 2017,[78] and phase 1 has been operational since November 2019.[79][80] |
Navi Mumbai International Airport | Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000+ | The airport project, aimed at easing air traffic congestion at CSIA is expected to be completed by 2024.[81] |
Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project | Multiple States in India | Under construction | $90,000,000,000+ | One of the world's largest infrastructure projects, with an estimated investment of US$90 billion, is planned as a high-tech industrial zone spread across six states,[82] as well as Delhi, the national capital and itself a Union Territory.[83] The investments will be spread across the 1,500 km long Western Dedicated Freight Corridor, which will serve as the industrial corridor's transportation backbone.[84] |
Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor | Multiple States in India | Under construction | $18,000,000,000+ | High-speed rail line connecting the cities of Ahmedabad, Mumbai, and the state of Gujarat. When completed, it will be India's first high-speed rail line.[85] |
Bharatmala | Multiple States in India | Under construction | $110,000,000,000+ | Bharatmala Pariyojana (Project) is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India.[86] The project will build highways from Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, then cover the entire string of Himalayan states – Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand – and then portions of borders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram.[86] |
Char Dham Highway | Uttarakhand | Under construction | $1,500,000,000+ | Char Dham Expressway National Highway (Hindi: चार धाम महामार्ग), is an under construction two-lane (in each direction) express National Highway with a minimum width of 10 metres in the state of Uttarakhand. The proposed highway will complement the under development Char Dham Railway by connecting the four holy places in Uttarakhand, including Badrinath, Kedarnath, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Gangotri and Yamunotri. The project includes 900 km national highways, which will connect the whole of Uttarakhand. |
Sagarmala | Multiple State of India | Under construction | $130,000,000,000+ | The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.[87][88] |
Noida International Airport | Noida, Uttar Pradesh | Under construction | $4,000,000,000+ | Also known as the Jewar Airport, it is expected to decongest the load of the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi. Moreover, with the Delhi Airport expected to reach its capacity in the next few years, this airport will serve as a second airport. The master plan is to expand the airport in a period of 30 years with three phases. After the completion of the final phase, the airport will serve 120 million passengers per year and will have a total of eight runways. It will then become Asia's and the world's largest airport, alongside O'Hare International Airport in Chicago. The first phase will handle 5 million passengers per year with two runways. It is expected to completed by August/September 2024.[89][90] |
Hyperloop | Proposed | Proposal to establish hyperloop infrastructure for the Pune-Mumbai corridor.[91]
In addition, the company Hyperloop Transportation Technologies is in a process to sign a Letter of Intent with the Indian Government for a proposed route between Chennai and Bangalore. If things go as planned, the distance of 345 km could be covered in 30 minutes.[92] HTT also signed an agreement with the government of Andhra Pradesh to build India's first Hyperloop project connecting Amaravati to Vijayawada in a 6-minute ride. Also, Indore-based Dinclix GroundWorks' DGW Hyperloop advocates a Hyperloop corridor between Mumbai and Delhi, via Indore, Kota, and Jaipur.[93] | ||
Gujarat International Finance-Tec City (GIFT) City | Gujarat | Under Construction | India's first International Financial Services Centre (IFSC). It is expected to be fully completed by 2025. |
Pakistan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Karachi–Lahore Motorway | Multiple Provinces of Pakistan | Completed | $6,600,000,000 | The Karachi–Lahore Motorway (KLM) is a 1,694-kilometre-long (1,053 mi) six-lane, high-speed, limited-access motorway that will connect Karachi and Peshawar through Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Sukkur. The KLM is divided into seven sections: Karachi-Hyderabad (M-9, 136 km); Hyderabad-Sukkur (M-6, 296 km); Sukkur-Multan (M-5, 387 km); Multan-Abdul Hakeem (M-4, 103 km); Abdul Hakeem-Lahore (M-3, 230 km); Lahore-Islamabad (M2, 376 km); and Islamabad-Peshawar (M1, 166 km). |
Karachi Circular Railway | Karachi | Under Development | $1,600,000,000 | Revival of the Karachi Circular Railway, which became operational in 1969. It was discontinued in 1999 as a result of mismanagement. In 2012, the governments of Pakistan and Sindh agreed to revive the railway to meet the needs of Karachi citizens. The project includes 23 stations, 3 lines and a total of over 50 kilometers of track. The government of Pakistan will have a 60% share in the project, Sindh will have a 25% share and Karachi will have a 15% share. Once completed, it will once again be Pakistan's largest local train. |
Karachi Metrobus | Karachi | Under Construction | $400,000,000 | A new rapid transit system in Karachi. With a planned length of about 115 kilometers, it will become the largest metro bus system in Pakistan.[citation needed] |
Malir Expressway | Karachi | Under Development | $400,000,000 | A 40.3 km three-lane Expressway with controlled access along the Malir River in Karachi. It starts at the Qayumanbad Bridge and ends at the Karachi-Hyderabad Motorway (M-9). The project would cost around Rs40 billion. Construction is ordered to start in mid-2019. |
Gwadar International Airport | Gwadar | Under Development | $400,000,000 | Planned international airport in Gurandani, 26 km north-east of the existing airport in Gwadar City.[citation needed] |
Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line ML-1 | Multiple Provinces in Pakistan | Under Development | $7,000,000,000 | Karachi–Peshawar Railway Line (also referred to as Main Line 1 or ML-1) is one of four main railway lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways. The total length of this railway line is 1,687 kilometers (1,048 mi). There are 184 railway stations from Kiamari to Peshawar Cantonment on this line. The line serves as the main passenger and freight line of the country. 75% of the country's cargo and passenger traffic uses the line. The line is currently undergoing a six-year ₨886.68 billion (US$7.4 billion) upgrade and renovation as part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, with average rail speeds expected to be doubled to 160 kilometers per hour upon completion. |
Orange Line Metro | Lahore | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | Orange Line is an automated rapid transit system in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Opened in 2020, it is Pakistan's first metro since the Karachi Metro that was started in 1969. The orange line is the first of the three proposed rail lines for the Lahore Metro. The line spans 27.1 km (16.8 mi) with 25.4 km (15.8 mi) elevated and 1.72 km (1.1 mi) underground. The line is served by 26 stations and is expected to handle 250,000 passengers daily. |
Southeast Asia
Indonesia
Project | City/Region | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jakarta MRT | Jakarta | Completed | $2,860,000,000 | Currently consists of one line (North-South Line) and divided into two phases. Phase 1 was opened in March 2019, extensions of this line under Phase 2 shall open by 2024, and a second line (East-West) is expected by 2026. |
Greater Jakarta LRT | Jakarta, West Java | Under Construction | $1,580,000,000 | Phase 1, consists of Bekasi Line and part of Cibubur Line, is currently under construction and will open in 2022.[94] |
Jakarta–Bandung–Kertajati HSR | Java | Under Construction | $5,500,000,000 | |
Trans-Sumatra Toll Road | Sumatra | Under Construction | $33,200,000,000 | Some segments are already under operation. |
Malaysia
Project | City/State | Status | Cost (Ringgit RM) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project | Kuala Lumpur | Under Development | RM50,000,000,000 | A part of another megaproject to transform Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur into one conurbation called Greater Kuala Lumpur. | |
ECRL | Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan, Selangor | Under Development | RM44,000,000,000 | $20,000,000,000 | |
KLIA 2 | Selangor | Completed | RM3,920,000,000 | ||
Penang Sentral | Penang | Completed | RM230,000,000 | ||
West Coast Expressway | Selangor and Perak | Under Development | RM5,044,000,000 |
Philippines
Project | City/Region/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bataan–Cavite Interlink Bridge | Bataan Cavite |
Approved | $3,750,000,000 | A 32 km (20 mi) bridge over the Manila Bay that will connect Central and Southern Luzon.[95] |
Manila Metro Rail Transit System | Metro Manila Central Luzon Calabarzon |
Partially operational | $15,845,000,000 | One line operational as of 2020. It is expected to have a total of eight lines with a total length of 142 km (88 mi), and to open from 2021 onward.[96][97][98][99][100][101] |
New Manila International Airport | Bulacan | Under construction | $14,111,000,000 | Aimed to decongest and eventually replace the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. It will be operated by the San Miguel Corporation.[102] |
North–South Commuter Railway | Metro Manila Central Luzon Laguna |
Under Construction | $14,950,000,000 | Set to be fully operational by 2023, it will connect Clark International Airport with Metro Manila and Calabarzon.[103] |
Philippine National Railways' new intercity network | Luzon Mindanao |
Approved | $5,590,000,000+ | Includes the PNR South Long Haul project,[104] the Subic–Clark Railway and the first phase of the Mindanao Railway expansion.[105] All of these projects are standard-gauge railways. |
South Luzon Expressway expansion | Metro Manila Calabarzon Bicol Region |
Waiting approval | $2,278,000,000 | Includes Toll Road 4 from Calamba to Lucena, Toll Road 5 from Lucena to Matnog, and the Pasig River Expressway. |
Thailand
Project | City/Region | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
High-speed rail in Thailand | Central, Western and Southern Thailand | Under construction | $30,000,000,000 | The project consists of four high-speed rail corridors. There will be one international corridor, which will come north from Laos as the first part, pass from Thailand via Bangkok, and will go south to Malaysia as the second part, which will be a part of the Kunming–Singapore Railway project, after completion. The entire project, including this corridor, is expected to be fully completed by 2037. |
Vietnam
Project | City/Region | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Long Thanh International Airport | Ho Chi Minh City | Under Construction | $7,800,000,000 | This first phase of the project has begun construction in 2019 and is being split into 3 sub-phases. Sub-Phase 1A will see the construction of one terminal and one runway ($5.6 Billion allocated to this sub-phase) to be completed by 2023. Sub-Phase 1B will be the construction of a 2nd runway starting in 2023 and be completed in 2025. Sub-Phase 1C will be the construction of the remaining facilities and land-clearance for future phase to begin and finish in 2025. |
Long Thang International Airport Phase 2 | Ho Chi Minh City | In Development | This phase will begin in 2025 after Phase 1 is completed and the airport opens that same year. Phase 2 will see the construction of a 3rd runway and expansion of the 1st Terminal or construction of a 2nd Terminal to increase passenger capacity to 50 million passengers. Phase 2 is expected to be completed by 2035. | |
Long Thang International Airport Phase 3 | Ho Chi Minh City | In Development | This phase will begin in 2035 after Phase 2 is completed and the airport opens that same year. Phase 3 will see the construction of a 4th runway with the possibility of another terminal or additional concourses to increase passenger capacity up to 100 million passengers. Phase 3 is expected to be completed sometime after 2035. |
Middle East
Bahrain
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bahrain International Airport Expansion Project | Muharraq, Muharraq Island | Under Construction | $1,100,000,000 | |
Bahrain Light Rail Network | Bahrain | Under Construction | $2,000,000,000 |
Iran
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tehran-Shomal Freeway | Iran | Under Construction | Around US$1 Billion to finish | 121 km freeway connecting Tehran to Chalus[106] |
Israel
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (ILS ₪) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway | Between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem | Nearing Completion | $1,900,000,000–$2,800,000,000 | 1. Construction on the line between Tel Aviv HaHaganah and Ben Gurion Airport (western part of Railway 27) was completed in 2004 and is currently open.
2. Construction on the line between Ben Gurion Airport and Kfar Daniel (eastern part of Railway 27) completed in 2007 with service commencing in September 2007. 3. Construction on the line between Kfar Daniel and Latrun (Section A) was completed in 2011 and is currently open. 4. Construction on the line between Latrun and Sha'ar HaGai (Section B) was completed in 2015 and is currently open. 5. Construction on the line between Sha'ar HaGai and Mevaseret Zion (Section C) was completed between 2014 & 2016 and is currently open. 6. Construction on the line between Mevaseret Zion and Jerusalem Binyanei HaUma Railway Station, Jerusalem (Section D) began either sometime in 2010. Electrification works on the existing railway between Tel Aviv Central and Herzliya are expected to be finished in the fall of 2020 and would allow trains from Jerusalem to terminate in Herzliya instead of Tel Aviv Central. | |
Tel Aviv Light Rail | Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area | Under Construction | ₪187,500,000,000 | $55,000,000,000 | The project will consist of four new light rail lines and three new metro lines: the light rail lines will cost around a combined ILS 37.5 billion ILS & the Tel Aviv Metro is planned to cost around 45 billion ILS. |
Kuwait
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway Project | Kuwait Bay | Completed | $3,000,000,000 | Completed in 2019, it is the launching point of Madinat Al-Hareer in Subiya, Kuwait; which is north of Kuwait City across Kuwait Bay. |
Kuwait International Airport Passenger Terminal 2[107] | Kuwait City | Under Construction | $4,310,182,400 | Construction began in May 2017 to expand the capacity of the airport. Expected to be Completed in 2022. |
Qatar
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Doha Metro | Doha | Under Construction | $36,000,000,000 | Planned length of 300 km; set for completion in 2026. |
Qatar Expressway Programme | Doha | Under Construction | US$28 billion (CAPEX) | The Expressway Programme aims to deliver more than 800 kilometres of new or upgraded roads and more than 200 interchanges in Qatar. It is part of the Qatar National Vision 2030. One of the motivating factors is the planned 2022 FIFA World Cup.[108] |
Saudi Arabia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
King Abdulaziz International Airport Expansion | Jeddah | Completed | $7,200,000,000 | Completed on 1 January 2019. |
Riyadh Metro | Riyadh | Completed | $23,500,000,000 | Set to begin operation by 2022.[109] |
United Arab Emirates
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al Maktoum International Airport | Dubai | Under Construction | $82,000,000,000 | Upon completion it will be the fourth largest airport in the world.[110] |
Central America
Costa Rica
Project | City | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Orotina Mega Airport | ||||
Green Costa Rican Canal | ||||
Electric Train of The Great Metropolitan Area |
Panama
Project | City | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
4th bridge over the Panama Canal | Panama | Under Construction | $1,400,000,000 | |
Panama Metro line 1 | Panama | Completed | $1,800,000,000 | |
Panama metro line 2 | Panama | Completed | $2,000,000,000[111] | |
Panama metro line 3 | Panama | In planning | $2,600,000,000[112] |
Europe
Croatia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pelješac Bridge | Croatia | Completed | around €420,000,000 | The Pelješac Bridge is a bridge currently under construction in Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia. The purpose of the bridge is to provide a fixed link from the southeastern Croatian exclave to the rest of the country while bypassing Bosnia and Herzegovina's short coastal strip at Neum. The bridge spans the sea channel between Komarna on the northern mainland and the peninsula of Pelješac, thereby passing entirely through Croatian territory and avoiding any border crossings with Bosnia and Herzegovina at Neum.
Construction started on 30 July 2018, and the bridge was connected on 28 July 2021. The bridge and its access roads are opened for traffic in July 2022. |
Serbia-North Macedonia-Greece
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Danube–Morava–Vardar–Aegean Canal | Serbia–North Macedonia–Greece | In Planning | $17,000,000,000 | The Danube-Morava-Vardar-Aegean Canal has been in planning for a very long time, yet significant progress has been made in 2013 and 2014, with China having interests in building a canal. The project would cost around $17,000,000,000. Serbia is the most interested country in building this project, which would make Great Morava and South Morava accessible to boats from Thessaloniki. There would be many hydropower plants as well as 9 ports in Jagodina, Stalać, Kruševac, Kraljevo, Niš, Leskovac, Vranje, Kumanovo and Skopje. It would connect new rivers into three main rivers, and make Morava and Vardar navigable rivers, and clean them for passage of boats. The project was a major theme of the January 2020 Thessaloniki summit, when all three leaders met.[113] |
Serbia-Hungary
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Budapest–Belgrade railway | Serbia, Hungary |
Under Construction | around $5,000,000,000 | The Budapest–Belgrade railway project aims to connect Budapest and Belgrade by high-speed rail. The project is the first stage of the planned Budapest–Belgrade–Skopje–Athens railway, which itself is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative and would connect the China-run Port of Piraeus in Greece with the "heart" of Europe. |
Serbia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Belgrade Metro | Serbia | In Planning | around $5,000,000,000 | Belgrade Metro has been in planning for over a century, but recently new progress has been made in planning, and construction is set to start by end of 2021. It would have 43 stations and 2 lines, and would cost around $5,000,000,000. Line 1's route would go from Železnik to Mirijevo, with a length of 21.3 km (13.2 mi), and 23 stations. Line 2's route would go from Zemun railway station to Mirijevo, with a length of 19.2 km (11.9 mi), and 20 stations. It would be built by French and other companies. |
Belgrade-Boljare motorway | Serbia | Under Construction | $2,389,800,000 | The Belgrade-Boljare Motorway is part of the Belgrade-Bar motorway, and will connect the Serbian capital of Belgrade with the Montenegrin port city of Bar. The Serbian section is set to cost $2,389,800,000 with the first Section between Belgrade and Pozega being 151.63 kilometres long and costing 889.8 million Euros, and because of favourable terrain it will be the cheapest section of the motorway, and has been completed. The second section under construction is the Pozega to Boljare section, and it would cost at least US$1.5 billion, for approximately 110 km. The second section is the most expensive section of the entire Belgrade-Boljare motorway, because of unfavourable terrain, requiring the construction of many tunnels and bridges. |
Belgrade Waterfront | Serbia | Under Construction | $3,500,000,000 | Belgrade Waterfront is an urban renewal development project headed by the Government of Serbia aimed at improving Belgrade's cityscape and economy by revitalizing the Sava amphitheater, a neglected stretch of land on the right bank of the Sava river, between the Belgrade Fair and Branko's bridge. It was started in 2014 with the reconstruction of the Belgrade Cooperative building, which was finished in June of the same year. |
European Union (As a whole)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (€) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TEN-T Core Network | Europe | Under Construction | €600,000,000,000 (or more to complete) | $625,000,000,000 | The purpose of the project is to connect nine European Corridors, east–west and north–south. The nine corridors are the Baltic-Adriatic Corridor, the North Sea-Baltic Corridor, the Mediterranean Corridor, the Orient/East-Med Corridor, the Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor,[114] the Rhine-Alpine Corridor, the Atlantic Corridor, the North Sea-Mediterranean Corridor, and the Rhine-Danube Corridor.[115] The Trans-European conventional rail network is part of the EU megaproject to help alleviate and assist in the transport of goods throughout the 27 EU member states. |
Slovenia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Divača–Koper Railway upgrade | Slovenia | Under Construction | $1,175,000,000 | This is a new, 27.1 km long railway between Divača and Koper, better connecting the inland regions with the seaside town and port of Koper, with a maximum speeds of 160 km/h and over 7 tunnels. Construction started in 2021.[116][117] |
Czech Republic
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Blanka tunnel complex | Prague | Completed | $1,970,000,000 | The longest city tunnel in Europe at 5.5 km. The three continuous tunnels improve traffic in the northern part of Prague as well as reducing the load on the main transit route through the city center. |
France
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Paris Express | Paris | Under Construction | $45,000,000,000 | Construction began in 2015 and is expected to be completed as well as opened in stages between 2020 & 2030. |
Germany
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit Nr. 8 | Between Berlin Main Station and Nuremberg Main Station | Mostly Completed | $10,000,000,000 | Including the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway, upgrades to the existing Berlin–Halle railway and linking onward to the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway |
Greece
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (EUR €) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens Metro | Athens | Under Construction | €5,750,000,000 | $6,480,000,000 | Line 2 and Line 3 of Athens Metro were constructed between 1992 and 2000 (Line 1 began operation in 1869).[118] The construction of lines 2 and 3 (including their ongoing extensions) cost €4.30 billion.[119] Line 4 is set to begin construction in 2019 with a budget of €1.45 billion.[120] |
Egnatia Odos | Greece | Completed | €5,930,000,000 | $6,690,000,000 | Construction began in 1995, and consisted of a total of 670 kilometres (420 mi) of motorways running along the general route of the ancient Roman Via Egnatia.[121] It runs from Igoumenitsa, in Epirus, crosses Western Macedonia, Central Macedonia, and ends on Greece's border with Turkey in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The project cost €5.93 billion.[121] |
Egnatia Railway | Greece | In planning | €10,000,000,000 | $11,270,000,000 | Proposed in 2017 at a cost of €10 billion,[122] the Egnatia Railway will be Europe's largest railway megaproject.[123] The original stated start date was March 2019.[122] |
Ionia Odos | Greece | Completed | €1,100,000,000 | $1,240,000,000 | Construction began in 2006, and a total of 196 kilometres (122 mi) of motorways running north–south through Western Greece, from Ioannina to the Rio-Antirio Bridge, were built.[124] The project had a budget of over €1.1 billion.[124] |
Thessaloniki Metro | Thessaloniki | Under Construction | €2,260,000,000 | $2,550,000,000 | The purpose of the project is to create a 35-station underground rapid transit system in Greece's second-largest city. Currently phases 1 and 2 (18 stations) are under construction and will be operational by late 2020 at a price tag of €2.26 billion.[125] |
Thessaloniki–Kavala–Xanthi railway | Greece | In planning | €1,250,000,000 | $1,475,000,000 | A new electrified railway line connecting the northern Greek cities of Thessaloniki, Kavala, and Xanthi, at a cost of €1.25 billion.[126] It will run in parallel with the Egnatia Odos highway, cutting travel times and will replace the existing Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway which was built during Ottoman times.[126] |
Tithorea-Domokos bypass | Greece | Completed | €1,800,000,000 | $2,030,000,000 | Construction began in 1997, and a total of 106 kilometres (66 mi) of high-speed railways running between the towns of Tithorea and Domokos were built as a bypass to the existing conventional mountainous railway line linking Thessaloniki in the north with Athens in the south, including 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) of tunnels and 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) of bridges.[127] The project had a budget of over €1.8 billion.[124] The bypass was opened in January 2019.[128] |
Montenegro
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bar-Boljare motorway | Montenegro | Partial | $3,000,000,000 | Construction began on 11 May 2015. The length of the highway is 40.871 km, and the national road standards of Montenegro are adopted, with reference to the European specifications as well. These construction standards will be applied for the two-way four-lane highway, with a speed limit of 100 km/h according to the design, and a construction period of 4 years. The highway stretches from the south to the north across the mountains. It is very demanding, and the construction is very challenging. Bridges and tunnels make up about 60% of the entire route. It is the largest infrastructure project in Montenegro, and the implementation of the project is very challenging. First section between Podgorica and Matesovo opened in July 2022. |
Norway
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Norwegian krone NOK) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coastal Highway E39 | Trondheim to Kristiansand | Under Construction | 382,000,000,000kr | $42,400,000,000 | The purpose of the project is to replace all the ferry links along the route with fixed connections in order to reduce travel time from 21 hours to 11 hours. The first part, Rogfast has been under construction since 2018 at a cost of $1.9 bn, but the rest is controversial and undecided. Some of the fjords are too deep for pillars or undersea tunnels and too wide for suspension bridges, so floating bridges in untested sizes have been suggested. Initial cost estimates placed the project around 150 bn kroner, but an August 2020 updated estimate moved the cost to 382 bn. A study is underway with the goal of cutting costs, and it is likely the project may be scaled back. There is a decision to evaluate each project separately, making large parts unlikely to be built. Besides Rogfast, two fjord crossings have political go-ahead with construction start around 2029, costing 38 and 24 bn NOK. |
InterCity | Østlandet | Under Construction | $36,300,000,000 | Project to connect all major towns in the vicinity of Oslo by a double rail line. 270 km of new line will be added and existing infrastructure will be upgraded, improving passenger flow and experience, as well as allowing train speeds up to 250 km/h throughout the region. Expected to be completed by 2034. The cost for the 2023-2033 period is budgeted in the National Transport Plan to 50 billion NOK, but more was spent before 2023. |
Poland
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Central Transport Hub | Gmina Baranów | In planning | $8,000,000,000+[129] | The project involves the construction of the largest airport in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, Solidarity Airport (initially able to handle 45 million passengers a year, with the possibility of extension up to 100 million), along with highway and high-speed rail infrastructure connecting major Polish cities and the airport. Phase 1 is scheduled to open in 2027.[129] |
Portugal
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vasco da Gama Bridge | Lisbon | Completed | $1,100,000,000 | Construction began in February 1995; the bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India.
It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), with a total length of 12.3 kilometres (7.6 mi), including 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) for the main bridge and 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) in viaducts. The Bridge is served by 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de Abril Bridge, and eliminate the need for traffic between the country's northern and southern regions to pass through the capital city. |
Switzerland
Project | City/Canton | Status | Cost (CHF) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gotthard Base Tunnel | Bodio, Canton of Ticino (End) & Erstfeld, Canton of Uri (Start) | Completed | CHF9,560,000,000 | $10,300,000,000 | At 57 km, the world's longest and deepest rail tunnel upon its completion in 2015.[citation needed] |
United Kingdom
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (£) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Expansion of Heathrow Airport | England | Approved | $25,234,620,000 | Building a 3rd Runway and an additional Terminal. | |
Irish Sea Bridge | Scotland/Northern Ireland | Abandoned | £335,000,000,000 | $446,500,000,000 | Abandoned due to cost[130] |
High Speed 2 | England | Under Construction | £98,000,000,000 | $132,200,000,000 | Completion planned for 2028-2031 (phase 1), 2035-2040 (phase 2). |
High Speed 3 | England | Planned | $19,000,000,000 | Completion planned for 2033 | |
London Crossrail Project | London, England | Under Construction | $26,000,000,000 | Partially completed. Completion planned for 2023 | |
M8 motorway (Scotland) | Glasgow, Scotland | Completed | £30,000,000 | Most completed by 1980. |
North America
Canada
Project | City/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Southwest Calgary Ring Road | Calgary, Alberta | Completed | $5,000,000,000+ | "...extend from Lott Creek Boulevard on Glenmore Trail/Highway 8 south to Macleod Trail (Highway 2A) and is approximately 21 kilometres long."[131] Set for Completion in Fall 2022. |
West Calgary Ring Road | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000+ | Set for Completion in 2024. |
Calgary LRT Expansion | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $4,500,000,000+ | Set for Completion in 2026. |
Crowchild Trail Upgrades | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000+ | Set for Completion in 2030 |
New Champlain Bridge Corridor Project | Montréal to Brossard, Québec | Completed | $4,239,000,000 | Construction completed 2019 with the full opening of the Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge by July 2019. Shortly after the opening, the old Champlain Bridge will start to be demolished at a cost of about $400,000,000 and take 4 years to complete. |
Réseau Express Métropolitain | Montréal, Québec | Under Construction | $6,950,000,000 | Set for Completion in 2025.[131][132] |
Gordie Howe International Bridge | Windsor, Ontario | Under Construction | $5,700,000,000 | International cable stayed bridge over the Detroit River between Canada and the United States. Set for completion in 2024. |
Confederation Bridge | The Maritimes, Prince Edward Island | Completed | $1,300,000,000 | The 12.9 km bridge is the longest bridge in the world crossing ice-covered water. |
Line 5 Eglinton | Toronto, Ontario | Under Construction | $9,100,000,000 | Set for Completion in 2023.[131] |
Port Mann Bridge | Vancouver, British Columbia | Completed | $1,930,000,000 | The widest bridge in the world (until the Bay Bridge's east span recently opened), the bridge east of Vancouver, B.C., which opened in 2012, remains the second-longest bridge in North America. The cable-stay bridge uses an impressive 288 cables to reach a total bridge length of 6,866 feet. |
Confederation Line | Ottawa, Ontario | Completed | $2,100,000,000 | The largest project in Ottawa since the Rideau Canal. Opened in September 2019[133] (Phase 1). |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Puente_Baluarte_03.jpg/200px-Puente_Baluarte_03.jpg)
Mexico
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Durango-Mazatlán Highway | Durango-Sinaloa | Completed | $1,400,000,000 | Construction in 2008 and was completed in 2012. Upon this projects completion, President Felipe Calderón received a Guinness record certifying that the Baluarte Bicentennial Bridge is the highest suspension bridge in western Mexico. |
New International Airport for Mexico City | Mexico City | Cancelled | $13,300,000,000 | After taking office, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, cancelled this mega-project at Texcoco in favor of a "metropolitan airport system", which keeps the Benito Juárez International Airport (with 2 Runways) from being decommissioned and adds the now under construction Felipe Ángeles Airport (with 3 Runways) as well as Toluca International Airport (with 2 Runways). |
Felipe Ángeles Airport | Mexico City | Under Construction | $7,100,000,000 | Being built at the Santa Lucía Air Force Base north of Mexico City and named after Mexican General Felipe Ángeles Ramírez |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Boston_Highway_System_Pre_Post_Big_Dig.gif/200px-Boston_Highway_System_Pre_Post_Big_Dig.gif)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Evergreen_Point_Floating_Bridge_%282016%29_from_east_end_after_opening%2C_April_2016.jpg/200px-Evergreen_Point_Floating_Bridge_%282016%29_from_east_end_after_opening%2C_April_2016.jpg)
United States
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Project Connect | Austin, Texas | Under Construction | $7,100,000,000 | Project Connect is a public transit expansion in Austin, adding the Blue and Orange light rail lines, the Green commuter rail line, and the Gold bus rapid transit line along with other network improvements.[134] The project started construction in 2021 and is expected to be completed by 2034.[135] |
Big Dig | Boston, Massachusetts | Completed | $14,600,000,000 | Estimated to cost $24.3 billion after interest. |
C.R.E.A.T.E. | Chicago, Illinois | Under Construction | $4,600,000,000 | C.R.E.A.T.E. is a railway improvement project in Chicago.[136] Completion of the entire project is expected to occur sometime in 2025. |
O'Hare Modernization | Chicago, Illinois | Under Construction | $8,800,000,000 | Construction began in 2001 with an initial cost of $6.6 billion.[137] However, additions to the Modernization Plan has increased to the cost by $2.2 billion following the Chicago City Council's decision to renew leases to American Airlines and United Airlines. The updated plans include a new terminal located where Terminal 2 now sits, as well as two more remote concourses. The completion of the O'Hare Modernization is expected to occur sometime in 2026.[138] |
Gordie Howe International Bridge | Detroit, Michigan-Windsor, Ontario, Canada | Under Construction | $5,700,000,000 | The project was first proposed in 2004. Construction started in 2018 and is expected to be completed in 2024. The Windsor-Detroit crossing is the busiest crossing between the US and Canada and is currently handled by the Ambassador Bridge, the Windsor-Detroit Tunnel and the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel. The Gordie Howe Bridge will add needed capacity to these crossings. |
Crescent Corridor Expansion | Eastern Coast States-East South Central States-Gulf Coast States | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000 | The freight rail company Norfolk Southern will utilize special intermodal trains on its freight rail network running from New York to Louisiana. This project covers 4023 km (2,500 miles) and thirteen states, and is expected to be fully developed by 2020."[139] |
Brightline West | Las Vegas, Nevada to Los Angeles, California | In Development | $10,000,000,000 | Construction to begin in 2023 due to delays which has set the completion date back. This link would connect with the California High-Speed Rail project that is still under construction and further help with climate change by reducing the number of cars on the road travelling between the cities. |
California High-Speed Rail | Los Angeles-San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | A 1300 km (808 miles) high-speed rail system is expected to be completed in phases up to 2030. Currently some of the funding is being held up in Congress by lack of agreement between Democrats and Republicans. |
Los Angeles International Airport | Los Angeles, California | Under Construction | $14,000,000,000 | Renovation of existing Terminals as well as construction of new terminals and infrastructure for the 21st Century. |
Ohio River Bridges Project | Louisville, Kentucky | Completed | $2,300,000,000[140] | A Louisville metropolitan area transportation project involving the reconstruction of the Kennedy Interchange (locally known as "Spaghetti Junction"), the completion of two new Ohio River bridges and the reconstruction of ramps on Interstate 65 between Muhammad Ali Boulevard and downtown. The final project omitted some features of the original plan. |
Second Avenue Subway Project | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $17,000,000,000 | The proposed full line would be 13.7 km (8.5 miles) long with 16 stations and a projected ridership of 560,000 people. Phase 1 of the project, which runs from 96th Street to 57th Street and 7th Avenue, opened 1 January 2017. Other phases of the project are either under development or are under construction. |
East Side Access (ESA) | Manhattan & Queens, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $11,100,000,000+ | ESA is a public works and an MTA network expansion project intended to increase direct services into Grand Central Terminal by providing Long Island Rail Road commuters – via the Main Line and Port Washington Branch tracks traveling westbound from Queens and Long Island – regular access to the major depot; and saving them up to forty (40) minutes per day and reducing congestion in Midtown Manhattan’s dense business district’s streets and subways. Additionally, the project is intended to create capacity and provide regular access for Metro-North Railroad’s New Haven Line and Hudson Line into Penn Station via Amtrak’s underused Hell Gate Bridge (Hell Gate Line) and Empire Connection (West Side Line), respectively, per the Penn Station Access project. |
Interstate Highway System | Nationwide | Completed | $500,000,000,000 | Began in 1956, and was completed 62 years later |
Newark Airport Terminal One | Newark, New Jersey | Under Construction | $2,300,000,000 | A redevelopment plan to build a new Terminal A to replace the existing, which opened in 1973. The new terminal will be called Terminal One. It will include a new parking garage, 33 gates, and a walkway to connect the Airtrain station, parking garage, and terminal. It is expected to be completed by 2022. |
LaGuardia Airport Project | Queens, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $8,000,000,000 | A complete retrofit of the entire airport slated to be completed by 2022. |
JFK Airport Redevelopment | Queens, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $17,000,000,000 | Plan to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to JFK Airport. Two new international terminals would be added. The redevelopment construction of JFK Airport began on 7 January 2020. Also, "on February 11, 2020, Cuomo and the Port Authority, along with Delta Air Lines, announced a $3.8 billion plan to add sixteen domestic gates to the 'A' side of Terminal 4," which will bring the total cost to almost $17 billion. |
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Eastern Span | San Francisco-Oakland, California | Completed | $6,400,000,000 | The Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge began in 2002 and was Completed in 2013. Currently the Old East Span is being deconstructed and removed for recycling while the foundations are being demolished with explosives or converted for other uses. |
San Francisco International Airport Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $2,400,000,000 | The airport began a multiphase renovation project in June 2016, which will see Terminal 1 be transformed into a world-class, environment-friendly passenger facility when Completed in 2024. |
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel | Seattle, Washington | Completed | $3,100,000,000 | South-End Viaduct replacement started in 2008 and was completed in 2014. The SR 99 Tunnel started work in 2011, and is set for completion in 2021. Mitigation Projects started work in 2008, and are set for completion in 2019. Other miscellaneous projects started in 2007 and are set for completion in 2023. |
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (2016) | Seattle, Washington | Completed | $4,560,000,000 | This 2,350 m (7,710 ft) long floating bridge is the longest of its type in the world. The new SR 520 bridge replaced the previous record-holder, the original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge across Lake Washington, connecting Seattle to points east. The new structure, rising 6.1 m (20 ft) above the water, opened to traffic in spring 2016. |
Sound Transit 3 | Seattle, Washington | Under Construction | $50,000,000,000 | This project is to expand the current Light Rail and Bus system currently in use in Seattle, which is to be completed in stages from 2020 until 2041. |
The Puget Sound Gateway Program | Seattle & Tacoma, Washington | Under Construction | $2,380,000,000 | This project has been in planning phases since 1990, and includes the completion of SR 167 between Puyallup and Tacoma, as well as completion of SR 509 from I-5 to Burien. Construction began in 2015 and is expected to be completed in 2028.[141] |
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport | Washington, D.C. | Completed | $1,000,000,000 | The purpose of the renovation, which completed in 2021, was to open new security checkpoints, new security building, and add a new 14-Gate Concourse. |
Silver Line (Washington Metro) | Washington, D.C. | Near Completion | $6,800,000,000 | Phase 1 on the project was planned to link the Capital to Dulles International Airport and to four edge cities: Tysons, Reston, Herndon, and Ashburn. This phase completed and was opened to the general public on 26 July 2014. Phase 2 is set to help with urban development of Tysons and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginia's largest and 12th-largest in the country. This project is set to be completed by 2023. |
Oceania
Australia
Project | City/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cross River Rail | Brisbane, Queensland | Under Construction | $5,400,000,000 | To be completed in 2024. The crossing will be a tunnel under the river, and the first rail-only Brisbane River crossing since the completion of the Merivale Bridge in 1978.[142] |
OneSKY | Canberra, ACT | Under Development | $2,000,000,000 | To be completed in 2024. National Air Traffic Control System Australia.[143] |
Metro Tunnel | Melbourne, Victoria | Under Construction | $11,000,000,000 | To be completed late 2025. The railway line will run from South Kensington, underground via North Melbourne, Parkville, CBD, Domain and South Yarra. It will include a tunnel under the Yarra River. |
North East Link | Melbourne, Victoria | Under Development | $15,800,000,000 | To be completed late 2027. This road project will connect the M80 Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway. |
Suburban Rail Loop | Melbourne, Victoria | Proposed | $50,000,000,000 | To be completed in 2050. The railway line will run from Cheltenham to Werribee in an orbital loop circling the suburbs of Melbourne. Proposed to be completed in 4 stages[144] |
Central Station to Eveleigh Redevelopment | Sydney, New South Wales | Proposed | $10,000,000,000 | Extension of Sydney's CBD. The renewal corridor approximately 3 km in length.[145] |
Sydney Metro City & Southwest | Sydney, New South Wales | Under Construction | $12,000,000,000 | 30 km (19 mi) rapid transit railway line. Planned to open by 2024.[146] |
Planned cities and urban renewal projects
Africa
Eastern Africa
Kenya
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Konza Technopolis | Konza | Under Construction | $14,500,000,000 |
Northern Africa
Egypt
Project | City/Governorate | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Madinaty | Cairo Governorate | Under Construction | $10,000,000,000 | Housing project.[147] |
Proposed new capital of Egypt | Cairo Governorate | Under Construction | $250,000,000,000 | Construction began in 2015 and is spread out into three phases with Phase 1 expected to be completed sometime in 2022. The full project is expected to be fully Completed by 2050, housing a population of 6,500,000 people. |
New Mansoura City | Cairo Governorate | Under Construction | $3,700,000,000 | Construction began in 2017. |
New Alamein City | Matrouh Governorate | Under Construction | $60,000,000,000 | Construction began in 2015 spread out over 3 phases. |
Galala City | Suez Governorate | Under Construction | $63,000,000,000 | Construction began in March–April 2018 spread out in phases with the 1st phase set for completion in June 2020.[148] |
Southern Africa
South Africa
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modderfontein New City — New Gauteng City | South Africa | Abandoned[149] | $7,800,000,000 | Modderfontein infrastructure development of residential, industrial and commercial space by Chinese developer Shanghai Zendai. Start dated 2015 completion dated 15 to 20 years later.[150][151] |
Western Africa
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Abuja%2C_Federal_Capital_Territory_3.jpg/200px-Abuja%2C_Federal_Capital_Territory_3.jpg)
Nigeria
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abuja | FCT | Completed | The planned capital city of Nigeria, which was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, and has since witnessed a huge influx of people into the city. As at 2006, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298, making it one of the ten most populous cities in Nigeria, with an estimated metropolitan population of well over three million. Abuja is currently amongst the four largest urban areas in Nigeria.[153] | |
Asokoro Island[154] | Abuja, FCT | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000 | A peninsula development located in Asokoro district, in Abuja. The mixed-use development is approximately 60 hectares of land, located at the shores of Pendam Lake. Its residential development ranges from apartment buildings to villas. They are majorly luxury properties with private balconies, mezzanines, floor-to-ceiling windows, swimming pool and sun terrace etc. The commercial and work section presents hotels, offices, shopping malls, business and primary schools.[155] |
Centenary City | Abuja, FCT | Under Construction | $18,000,000,000 | Project by the Nigerian Government, Eagle Hills of Abu Dhabi and Julius Berger Nigeria PLC to build a smart city to mark the country's centennial anniversary. Project broke ground on 19 June 2014 and has an anticipated timeline of 10 to 15 years to completion. The city, which is located in the Federal Capital Territory, anticipates over 400,000 residents.[156] |
Eko Atlantic | Lagos State | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | A planned city of Lagos State, Nigeria, being constructed on land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean. The project broke ground in 2007 and is being spearheaded by South Energyx Nigeria Ltd. Upon completion the project anticipates at least 250,000 residents and an additional daily flow of 150,000 commuters.[157] |
FESTAC Phase 2 | Lagos, Lagos State | Under Development | $2,400,000,000 | In 2014, The Ministry of Housing and Urban Development signed deal with the New Festac Property Development Company, to develop the second phase of Festac Town. Since the award, the company has been carrying out extensive preliminary project development activities including surveys, field studies, site investigation, environmental impact assessment, and town planning for the project.[158] |
Lekki | Lagos State | Under Construction | A peninsula city which is 755 square kilometres. Lekki Phase 1 has been completed and it currently houses several Estates and gated residential developments; other phases of the project include, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.[159] |
Asia
East Asia
China
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/201907_TODTOWN_under_Construction.jpg/220px-201907_TODTOWN_under_Construction.jpg)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Todtown | Shanghai | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | A mixed-use development. Started construction in 2014 and is set for completion in 2022. |
Japan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Japanese Yen ¥) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roppongi Hills | Tokyo | Completed | $4,000,000,000 | One of Japan's largest integrated property developments. | |
Sky Mile Tower | Tokyo | Proposed | If built, completion would probably be in the year 2045 and stand at 1.7 km in height with a capacity of around 55,000 people. |
South Asia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Navi_Mumbai.jpg/222px-Navi_Mumbai.jpg)
India
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor | Area from Amritsar to Kolkata, India | Proposed | ||
Bengaluru-Mumbai Economic Corridor | Area from Bangalore to Mumbai, India | Proposed | ||
Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor | Area from Chennai to Bangalore, India | Proposed | ||
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor | Area from Delhi to Mumbai, India | Under Construction | $90,000,000,000 | Conceived as a global manufacturing and trading hub, the project is expected to double employment potential, triple industrial output and quadruple exports from the region in five years. The total employment to be generated from the project is 3 million, the bulk of which will be in the manufacturing/processing sectors. The project initially aims to create seven smart cities distributed along the backbone of the dedicated freight corridor between Delhi and Mumbai. Completion of the Corridor is expected for 2037. |
Navi Mumbai | India | Under Construction | $13,346,000,000 | World's largest planned city. Contains a population of 2.6 million.[160] |
Gujarat International Finance Tec-City | India | Operational | $20,000,000,000 | The smart city is being built as a global financial hub to provide world class infrastructure for the Indian financial industry to grow.[161] It aims to outclass France's La Défense, Tokyo's Shinjuku and London's London Docklands in every aspect.[162] |
Vizag-Chennai Industrial Corridor | Area from Vizag to Chennai, India | Proposed | ||
Dholera SIR | Gujarat | Under Construction | A part of India's Smart Cities Mission; planned to be completed before 2040. |
Pakistan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Rupee ₨) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Islamabad | Islamabad | Completed | ₨24,000,000,000 | The new capital city of Pakistan. A planned city located on north of Rawalpindi. The city has population of 2.2 million.[163] | |
Bahria Town | Karachi | Under Development | $1,000,000,000 | Bahria Town Karachi is a planned community near Pakistan's largest port city Karachi.[164] | |
DHA City, Karachi (DCK) | Karachi | Under Development | To be built on a 4,700 hectares piece of land located several kilometres northeast of Karachi.[165] Upon completion, the new city which is still under development is anticipating at least 250,000 residents and a daily flow of 50,000 commuters.[166] | ||
Crescent Bay | Karachi | Under Development | $2,400,000,000 | Covering 440,000 meters, Crescent Bay is one of the biggest projects in Pakistan. It is a mixed-use oceanfront development in Karachi. It features multiple high rise buildings, shopping malls, 5-star hotels, and mosques. The project is managed by Emaar properties who built the Burj Khalifa complex in Dubai. This project is one of the most modern projects ever built in Pakistan. | |
Gwadar Port City | Gwadar | Under Development | $62,000,000,000 | A future mega city which is in progress under CPEC.It is located in Balochistan province of Pakistan. | |
Port Tower Complex | Karachi | Under Development | $350,000,000 | A 593m tall skyscraper situated at Karachi Port Trust. The building will be located on a human-made island with other skyscrapers. It will be located along the Mai Kolachi Bypass. Once completed, it will be the tallest building in South Asia. | |
Bahria Paradise | Karachi | Under Development | A part of Bahria Town Karachi. | ||
Ravi Riverfront Urban Development Project | Lahore | Under Development | $41,040,000,000 | Sprawling over an area of 70,000 acres, the RRUDP entails high-quality residential, commercial, institutional, cultural and recreational zones along both sides of the river at a stretch of 33 km.[167] The riverfront will be dotted with highrise condominiums, modern piers, boardwalks and 70 percent area dedicated to trees to make it environment friendly.[168] Around 25,000 acres of riverfront would be sold to investors for business, cultural and lifestyle activities.[169] | |
LDA City | Lahore | Under Development | LDA City is the biggest housing society project ever undertaken by LDA,[170] and is the largest housing society in Punjab, Pakistan. The city is to be built on a 3,059 hectares (7560 acres) piece of virgin land located several kilometers south of Lahore. | ||
Bundel Island City | Karachi | Proposed | $50,000,000,000 | Bundel Island is an island that is directly on the coast of Karachi, near DHA Karachi. While the projects has been long proposed, it has never materialised due to environmental concerns and the objections of the Sindh Governemt. The new Central government again proposed the development of an island city on Bundel Island, with high rise buildings as well as business spaces. The reason is to reduce congestion in the city of Karachi whose infrastructure is increasingly collapsing with its ever growing population. The new government said that with and investment of over $50,000,000,000 (50 Billion USD), the city would eclipse Dubai, and would become a regional business and tourism destination. It will also significantly reduce stress on the infrastructure of Karachi. However, the Sindh government again became a hurdle, saying that since Bundle Island is part of karachi, the Sindh government has all rights over it. Environmental concerns, especially the threat to mangroves, also was cited. None the less, the city remains on the table, and if the central government ever win elections in Sindh, this new city would emerge as the new financial hub of Karachi. | |
Capital Smart City | Islamabad | Under Development | In view of growing housing demand in the twin cities, Islamabad and Rawalpindi, FDHL intends to build a quality housing project on M2 Motorway near New Islamabad International Airport falling on the eastern route of CPEC. Capital Smart City aims to become another smart city in Pakistan and a model for sustainable development. Recently as part of their marketing campaign, they hired Pakistan famed Turkish actress, Esra Bilgic. |
Sri Lanka
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colombo Port City | Colombo | Under Construction | $15,000,000,000 | A planned offshore city in Colombo, Sri Lanka which is to be built on reclaimed land adjacent to the Galle Face Green. The city will use construction resources from the Colombo Harbour Expansion Project, currently under construction near the site of this proposed city.[171] Set for Completion in 2041. |
Southeast Asia
Indonesia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
BSD City | Greater Jakarta | Completed | An area half the size of Paris, BSD City encompasses an area of about 6000 hectares. | |
Lippo Cikarang | Greater Jakarta | Completed | $18,750,000,000 | Lippo Cikarang is an industrial park with an area of 332 hectares, which also has apartment, hotel, office, shopping center, retail, school and university, hospital, convention center and other supporting facilities. |
Pantai Indah Kapuk | Jakarta | Completed | Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) is a well-planned model town in North Jakarta, spreading over 1200 hectares of land. | |
Ancol Dreamland | Jakarta | Completed | Ancol Dreamland is an integrated tourism area in South East Asia with an area of about 600 hectares. |
Malaysia
Project | City/District | Status | Cost (Ringgit RM) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
KL River City | Kuala Lumpur | In Development | RM16,500,000,000 | $11,638,736,500 | Rehabilitation project along the Gombak River.[172] |
Merdeka 118 | Kuala Lumpur | Under Construction | RM5,000,000,000 | $1,500,000,000 | Once completed in 2022, it will be the tallest building in Malaysia and Southeast Asia, also the second building in the world. |
Forest City | Johor Bahru | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | To Be Completed in 2035. | |
Iskandar Malaysia | Johor Bahru | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | ||
Putrajaya | Putrajaya, Sepang District | Completed | $8,100,000,000 | In 1999 most of the seats of government moved from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya. | |
Melaka Gateway | Malacca City | Under Construction | $40,000,000,000 |
Philippines
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Philippine Peso ₱) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lancaster New City Zone 1 and Zone 2 | Cavite | Under Construction |
2,000 hectare planned community in Cavite | ||
Nuvali | Laguna | Under Construction | 2,290 hectare planned community in Santa Rosa, Laguna. | ||
Entertainment City | Manila Bay | Under Development | $15,000,000,000 | An entertainment complex which is intended to be the Philippine counterpart of Macau and Las Vegas. It is built upon reclaimed land along Manila Bay. | |
Eastwood City | Quezon City | Completed | A high-density mixed-use development. | ||
Bonifacio Global City | Taguig | Completed | Previously occupied by the Philippine Army headquarters, it is currently one of Metro Manila's main central business districts. | ||
New Clark City | Tarlac and Pampanga | Under Construction | ₱3,157,263,864,000 | $59,288,000,000 | A 9,450-hectare planned city modeled after South Korea's Songdo City. Singapore's SSR C-Solar power plant will provide the city's power supply. |
Middle East
Azerbaijan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Khazar Islands | Azerbaijan | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | Artificial archipelago 25 km (16 mi) south of Baku, Azerbaijan consisting of 41 islands spreading 3,000 hectares (about 11.6 sq mi) over the Caspian Sea. Expected to be finished by 2020–2025, and house a population of 1 million. |
Iran
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Rial ﷼) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iran Mall | Tehran, Iran | Under Construction | ﷼220,000,000,000,000 (thus far) | $7,600,000,000 (thus far) | The project spans more than 1.6 million square meters that includes shopping mall, two tower, two 5 star hotels, and a lake.[173] |
Iraq
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Bride of the Gulf | Basra | Proposed | Basra is in the midst of rebuilding and is in need of something that will return it to its pre-Hussein period. |
Jordan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abdali Project[174][175] | Amman, Jordan | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | Project is being developed on 384,000 square metres (0.148 sq mi) of land, intending to create a total built-up area of over 1,700,000 square metres (0.66 sq mi) consisting of hotels, apartments, offices, commercial outlets and entertainment.[174][175] |
Kuwait
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Madinat al-Hareer | Kuwait | Under Development | 150-$632,000,000,000 | Proposed 250 km2 (62,000-acre) planned urban area in Subiya, Kuwait an area just opposite Kuwait City across Kuwait Bay. |
Qatar
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lusail | Al Daayen Municipality | Under Development | $45,000,000,000 | Planned to be a host city of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, planned population of 260,000 people |
Saudi Arabia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jeddah Economic City | Jeddah | Under Construction | $20,000,000,000 | Will host both commercial and residential development including homes, hotels, and offices. The centerpiece of the development project will be the $1.2 Billion Jeddah Tower, a tower planned to become the tallest in the world. |
Masjid Al-Haram | Mecca | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | The Saudi government is reportedly paying as high as 500,000 Saudi riyals (around $133,000) per square meter to the owners of the buildings close to the mosque in return for the expropriation. This brings the total figure to around $100 billion. Slated to Completed by 2020. |
Neom (Neo-Mustaqbal) | Neom | In Development | $500,000,000,000 | Saudi Arabia's most ambitious mega-city project ever, which is to build a new city in northwestern Saudi Arabia.[176] At the core of this new city will be Artificial Intelligence.[177] |
King Abdullah Financial District | Riyadh | Under Construction | $78,000,000,000 | About a fifth (Phase 1) of the project is completed. |
King Abdullah Economic City | Saudi Arabia | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | Currently in various stages of Construction and Completion stages. |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Burj_Khalifa.jpg/200px-Burj_Khalifa.jpg)
United Arab Emirates
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (UAE Dirham د.إ) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masdar City | Abu Dhabi | Under Construction | Dh80,806,000,000 | $22,000,000,000 | The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology and will be a car free city. |
Yas Island | Abu Dhabi | Under Development | Dh132,228,000,000 | $36,000,000,000 | It occupies a total land area of 2,500 ha (25 km2), of which 1,700 ha will be claimed for development. The island holds the Yas Marina Circuit, which hosts the Formula One United Arab Emirates Grand Prix since 2009. |
Burj Al Arab | Dubai | Completed | Dh3,672,700,000 | $1,000,000,000 | Completed and Opened in 1999, it is the 3rd tallest hotel in the World. |
Burj Khalifa | Dubai | Completed | Dh5,509,095,000 | $1,500,000,000 | Originally call the Burj Dubai, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the World and has held that title since its Completion and Grand Opening on 4 January 2010. |
Dubai Meydan City | Dubai | Under Construction | Dh8,079,500,000 | $2,200,000,000 | Expected Completion date about 2020. |
Falconcity of Wonders | Dubai | Under Development | Dh134,046,251,547 | $36,500,000,000 | |
Business Bay | Dubai | Under Development | Dh110,175,000,000 | $30,000,000,000 | Comprises 240 high and low rise buildings, mostly residential and mixed use skyscrapers. |
The World | Dubai | Under Development | Dh51,415,000,000 | $14,000,000,000 | Artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map. Development has slowly restarted. |
Palm Jumeirah | Dubai | Completed | Dh45,171,750,660.94 | $12,300,000,000 | It is the world's largest human-made island. |
Dubai Marina | Dubai | Completed | World's largest human-made marina, with 200 residential and hotel high rises. | ||
Palm Jebel Ali | Dubai | On-Hold | Dh14,680,000,000 | $4,000,000,000 | Will accommodate over 250,000 people by 2020. |
Palm Deira | Dubai | On-Hold | Will be the largest palm island, in Dubai. | ||
Dubai International City | Dubai | Under Construction | Dh348,650,000,000 | $95,000,000,000 | A country-themed architecture of residences, business, and tourist attractions. |
Jumeirah Garden City | Dubai | On-Hold | Dh348,650,000,000 | $95,000,000,000 | Will be built across an area north of Sheikh Zayed Road between Diyafa Street and Safa Park. |
Dubai Waterfront | Dubai | On-Hold | Expected to become the largest waterfront and largest human-made development in the world. | ||
Dubailand | Dubai | Under Construction | Dh235,981,000,000 | $64,300,000,000 | Will be world's largest Retail and Entertainment World, twice the size of Walt Disney World Resort, it include 45 mega projects and 200 sub projects. Currently, there are 22 projects under development. Expected Completion Date about 2025. |
The Universe | Dubai | On-Hold | A planned artificial archipelago in the shape of the Milky Way and Solar System. | ||
The Tower | Dubai | On-Hold | Dh3,670,000,000 | $1,000,000,000 | Located at Dubai Creek Harbour, The Tower will be a mixed-use skyscraper that will be a notch taller than the Burj Khalifa when Completed in 2020. |
Mall of the World | Dubai | Under Construction | Dh24,979,581.585 | $6,806,425,500 | To be located along the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road and set to Open in 2029. |
Eurasia
Republic of Turkey (Europe West and Asia East of the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Lira ₺) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
İstanbul Finance Center | İstanbul | Under Development | 7,580,000,000₺ | $5,000,000,000 | Apart from the main urban renewal project of İstanbul. It will station in Ataşehir |
Turkey Urban Renewal Project | Turkey | Under Development | 757,840,000,000₺ | $400,000,000,000[178][179] | Renewals are being conducted all over Turkey but mainly on İstanbul[180] as Law 6306 announced by Ministry of Environment and City Planning (Turkey).[181] Fikirtepe, a neighborhood of Kadıköy has been chosen as pilot area for project.[182] Construction started in 2012 and is expected to take 20 years to complete setting for 2032. |
Russia (Europe West and Asia East of the Ural Mountains)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moscow International Business Center | Moscow | Under Construction | $12,000,000,000 | Construction on Plots 0, 2–3, 4 (Tower 1) & (Tower 2), 5, 6–8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17-18, and 19 is completed. Construction on Plots 1 (To Be Completed by 2024) and 15 (To Be Completed by 2022 may be pushed back due to COVID) is in progress. |
Lakhta Center | Lakhta, Saint Petersburg | Completed | $2,500,000,000 | Replaces the Okhta Center, which was cancelled due to official objections of UNESCO World Heritage Committee. |
Okhta Center | Saint Petersburg | Cancelled | $2,500,000,000 | Never built, replaced by the new project Lakhta Center |
Europe
France
Project | Commune | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
La Défense (1958–2014) | Courbevoie Nanterre Puteaux |
Completed | $10,000,000,000+ | The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. |
La Défense (2016–Present) | Courbevoie Nanterre Puteaux |
Under Construction | $1,000,000,000+ | The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. This current round of the project includes modernize, refurbish and green the area. |
Europa City | Gonesse | Cancelled | $3,400,000,000 | Construction began on the 8.6-million-square foot mixed-use development north of downtown in 2016 but was cancelled on 8 November 2019. |
Germany
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Potsdamer Platz Redevelopment | Berlin | Completed | Project divided onto four parts in which four investors bids in turn. | |
HafenCity | Hamburg | Under Development | Completion expected in 2020–2030 |
Romania
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Esplanada City Center | Bucharest | Cancelled | $4,200,000,000 |
Spain
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bilbao Renovation Project | Bilbao | Completed | In the 1990s, the city began a de-industrialisation process, which radically changed its image. After closing several factories and decontaminating the city's river, several mega projects were built. A whole new airport, designed by Spanish world-famous architect Santiago Calatrava, a metro system designed by British Lord Norman Foster, a recovery of the city's old fashioned tram network changed the city's public transport system. The Iberdrola Tower, which is Bilbao's tallest building, the Alhondiga, the Zubizuri bridge and several other significant buildings changed the city center's polluted past. The whole renovation process started because of the construction of The Guggenheim Museum Of Bilbao, the city's landmark and main museum. | |
CTBA – Madrid Financial District | Madrid | Completed | est. $1,000,000,000 | A complex of four skyscrapers, each about 240 metres high, located on one of Madrid's most expensive avenue, La Castellana. The towers were built on Real Madrid's former Ciudad Deportiva, and were completed in 2008. The tallest building is Torre Cepsa, designed by world-famous architect Norman Foster, and has a height of 249 meters, making it Spain's tallest structure. |
Madrid New North | Madrid | Approved | $10,550,000,000 | Expansion of the existing Paseo de la Castellana. If completed as planned, it will include a business complex, 10,500 homes, and multiple skyscrapers. |
Southeast developments | Madrid | Under construction | +$3,500,000,000 | A strategy that aims to expand the city in the southeast of the city with the creation of six neighborhoods (Los cerros, Ensanche de Vallecas, Valdecarros, el Cañaveral, los Berrocales, los Ahijones) At the moment one of the neighborhoods is already built, another one is under construction, two other neighborhoods already have the ground ready, while the two remaining neighborhoods have nothing built.
This strategy aims to create some 145,637 homes in the south of Madrid, of which 30,000 have been built so far. These developments would extend the surface of Madrid by 8.2% and could house more than 350,000 inhabitants. The entire strategy is not expected to be completed until 2040/2050. |
Sweden
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Kr) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Million Programme | All of the country | Completed | c. $5 billion[citation needed] | 1965–1975 | |
Relocation of Kiruna Centrum | Kiruna | Under Development | $2,100,000,000 | Entire project to be completed between 2020 and 2021.[183][needs update] | |
Northvolt Gigafactory | Skellefteå & Västerås | Under Development | $4,700,000,000 | Lithium ion battery factory.[184] | |
Redevelopment of the Slussen area | Stockholm | Under Development | Kr12,000,000,000 | "The construction of the New Slussen is one of the largest urban transformation projects in Sweden".[185] |
United Kingdom
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (£) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Big City Plan | Birmingham, England | Under Construction | £12,750,000,000 | Entire project to be completed sometime in the 2030s. | |
Battersea Power Station | London, England | Under Construction | £13,250,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2025. | |
Embassy Gardens | London, England | Completed | £2,100,000,000 | Completed in Spring to Summer 2019. | |
Greenwich Peninsula | London, England | Under Construction | £8,000,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by the 2030s. | |
Pilgrim Street East | Newcastle upon Tyne, England | Under Construction | +£400,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2025. | |
Royal Wharf | London, England | Nearing Completion | £3,100,000,000 | To be Completed sometime in 2020, however, due to setbacks in construction and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Completion of the development has been delayed. | |
Stratford City | London, England | Under Construction | £3,500,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2020. | |
Wembley Park | London, England | Under Construction | £1,100,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2024, the project has garnered $1.1 billion in funding so far. |
North America
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Down_town_markham_17.41.41.jpg/200px-Down_town_markham_17.41.41.jpg)
Canada
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (CA $) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Downtown Markham | Markham, Ontario | Under Construction | $4,000,000,000 | One of the many city center projects in York Region. Scheduled for Completion in 2025. | |
Oakridge Centre redevelopment | Vancouver, British Columbia | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | Project will turn Oakridge Centre into the second largest shopping mall in British Columbia. First phase expected to be complete by 2024. Second phase expected to be complete in 2028.[186] |
Mexico
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cancún | Quintana Roo | Completed | One of the largest tourist destinations in North America | |
Santa Fe, Mexico City | Mexico City | Completed |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg/200px-Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Aria_CityCenter_Front.jpg/200px-Aria_CityCenter_Front.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Battery_Park_City_panoramic.jpg/200px-Battery_Park_City_panoramic.jpg)
United States
Project | Borough/County/City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Port Covington | Baltimore, Maryland | Under Construction | $5,500,000,000 | Groundbreaking began June 2019. Expected to be Completed by 2040. |
Pacific Park | Brooklyn, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $8,000,000,000 | The project's centerpiece, Barclays Center, opened in September 2012. The project name Atlantic Yards has been renamed Pacific Park, Brooklyn. The Project is expected to be Completed by 2025 at the earliest. |
Lincoln Yards Project | Chicago, Illinois | Approved | $6,000,000,000 | The development of 55 acres of riverfront land in Chicago. |
Vista Tower Project | Chicago, Illinois | Completed | $1,000,000,000 | Completed in 2020. Tallest structure designed by a woman.[187] |
Brickell Key | Claughton Island, Miami, Florida | Completed | $2,000,000,000+ | A human-made island called Claughton Island[188] off the mainland Brickell neighborhood of Miami, Florida. |
Apple Park | Cupertino, California | Completed | $3,000,000,000+ | The "spaceship", as it is nicknamed, is Apple's new flagship headquarters (formally named Apple Campus 2). Taking the shape of a giant ring, it is expected to house over 14,000 employees. It was completed and opened in April 2017. |
Encore Boston Harbor | Everett, Massachusetts | Completed | $2,500,000,000 | Opened in 2019, the casino resort property is the largest single private development in Massachusetts history. |
BlueOval SK Battery Park | Glendale, Kentucky | Announced | $5,800,000,000 | Large-scale battery plant scheduled to start production in 2025. Includes two plants operated by the Ford–SK joint venture that will produce batteries for Ford and Lincoln electric vehicles.[189] |
Generation Park | Houston, Texas | Under Construction | $10,000,000,000+ | A 4,200 acre privately owned and master-planned commercial development 20-minutes from Downtown Houston. The project broke ground in 2014 with TechnipFMC's 173-acre corporate campus.[190] Generation Park is owned and developed by McCord. |
CityCenter | Las Vegas, Nevada | Completed | $11,000,000,000 | The largest privately financed development in the United States. |
Wilshire Grand Center | Los Angeles, California | Completed | $1,200,000,000 | Opened on 23 June 2017. It is the tallest building in Los Angeles, the tallest building in California, and the tallest building west of the Mississippi at a height of 1,100 feet. |
Riverside South | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000 | An urban development project in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. |
Battery Park City | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Completed | $1,400,000,000+ | Mainly a residential 92-acre (37 ha) planned community at the southwestern tip of the island of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States, more than 1⁄3 of which is parkland.[191] |
Cornell Tech Campus | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $2,000,000,000 | Construction began in 2014 on the South end of Roosevelt Island. The first of three phases is set to be completed in stages between 2017 and 2019 and Phase 2 to be Completed sometime later. |
Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $20,000,000,000 | A mixed-use real estate development currently being built over the 28-acre West Side Rail Yard. |
Rebuilding of the World Trade Center | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Re-Construction In Progress | $32,000,000,000[192] | Recovery from the September 11 attacks. One, Three, Four, and Seven World Trade Center Towers completed 2006–2018. Two, Five, and Six World Trade Center Towers are either in development, currently on hold, or will never be rebuilt. |
53W53 | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Completed | $1,200,000,000 | Formerly the Tower Verre is a Supertall Skyscraper with a Museum and Residential Condominiums. Completed in 2019[193] |
Brickell City Centre | Miami, Florida | Construction in Progress | $1,050,000,000 | A shopping and mixed-use project that will span up to five blocks in the Brickell district of Downtown Miami. Currently consists of three towers each just over 500 feet and is proposed to add One Brickell City Centre, an 80-story, 1049 ft skyscraper. |
Miami Worldcenter | Miami, Florida | Construction in Progress | $4,000,000,000 | A large mixed-use development of over 25 acres of land on the north side of Downtown Miami. Eventually will include lots of shopping, apartment buildings, hotels, office buildings, and even a convention center. Though not much has been built as of yet, one notable building is Paramount Miami Worldcenter, which stands at 700 ft tall. |
Hollywoodland Ohio | Middletown, Ohio | Canceled | $1,300,000,000 | A massive mixed-use development along a local riverfront that was to establish a more than $1 billion destination entertainment district and theme park. The project was set to be completed by 2024.[citation needed] In early January, 2022 it was announced that city officials were no longer pursuing the project.[194] |
Comcast Technology Center | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | Ninth-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere as well as the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere outside of Manhattan and Chicago at a height of 1,121 feet, which opened in 2018. |
Shell Pennsylvania Petrochemicals Complex | Potter Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | Commencing in 2017, the cracker plant currently holds over 3,000 construction jobs, and will have 600 permanent jobs when the plant is completed. It will produce over 1.6 million tonnes of ethylene per year. |
Gigafactory 1 | Reno, Nevada | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | 6.3 Blocks (30%) of the total 21 Blocks of the factory Completed and the remaining 14.7 Blocks to be completed by 2020. |
The Transbay Redevelopment Area | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $4,500,000,000 | The redevelopment of began in June 2005 and is expected to be fully Completed around 2030, includes a new Transbay Transit Center and the newly opened Salesforce Tower. The Salesforce Tower is a 1,070-foot Supertall Office Skyscraper just completed in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco at a cost of $1,100,000,000. |
San Francisco Shipyard and Candlestick Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $8,000,000,000 | Set to be Completed sometime after 2028. |
SDSU Mission Valley | San Diego, California | Under Construction | $3,500,000,000 | A non-contiguous expansion parcel of the San Diego State University campus occupying the former site of San Diego Stadium. While the complex will include housing, educational infrastructure, office and retail space, hotels, and parks, the centerpiece will be Snapdragon Stadium, scheduled to open in 2022 as the new home of SDSU football. The entire project is planned to be completed some time in the early 2030s. |
Treasure Island Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | Work began in 2016 with the demolition of structures and soil decontamination. Construction will begin as soon as the other works have completed. Construction is set to be completed by 2028. |
The Mission Bay Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000 | |
Parkmerced | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $1,350,000,000 | Expected to be Completed by 2035. |
Washington State Convention Center | Seattle, Washington | Under Construction | $1,600,000,000 | This expansion project is expected to be Completed in 2020. |
Tri-Country Mall Redevelopment (Artesian Village) | Springdale, Ohio | Announced | $1,300,000,000 | The transformation of Tri-County Mall into a mix of apartments, restaurants and retail space, recreation and education facilities, civic space, and science and medical space |
Blue Oval City | Stanton, Tennessee | Announced | $5,600,000,000 | Large-scale Ford electric vehicle complex in West Tennessee scheduled to begin production in 2025. The planned complex will include a vehicle assembly plant for electric Ford F-Series trucks, a battery plant operated by a joint venture between Ford and SK Group, supplier facilities, and battery recycling operations.[189] |
Sasol Ethane Cracker Complex Project | Westlake-Mossville-Lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana | Under Construction | $8,900,000,000 | Large-scale petrochemical complex in Southwestern Louisiana. |
Oceania
Australia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Queen's Wharf, Brisbane | Brisbane, Queensland | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000 | Integrated Resort Development located on the north bank of the Brisbane River in the Brisbane central business district. Entire project to be completed by 2024.[195] |
Barangaroo | Sydney, New South Wales | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2023 |
Victorian Desalination Plant | Williamsons Beach, Dalyston-Wonthaggi, Bass Coast Shire, Victoria | Completed | $4,000,000,000 | Built to provide more drinking water to Melbourne because in the mid-2000s the city's water reserves were at 28% of capacity. |
New Zealand
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rebuilding of Christchurch | New Zealand | Re-Construction In Progress | $17,000,000,000 | Recovery from earthquakes in 2010–2011. Rebuild of central business district, demolition and remediation of several residential neighbourhoods now deemed unsuitable for building. Infrastructure upgrades and addition of commuter rail. Entire project to be completed by 2020. |
South America
Brazil
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brasília | Brasília | Completed | $21,900,000,000 | At the close of the 20th century, Brasília was the largest city in the world which had not existed at the beginning of the century.[196] Construction cost for Brasília in 1957 was about $2.5 Billion.[197] |
Colombia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost (Colombian Peso $) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bogota Urban Renewal | Bogota | Under Development | $138,994,474,877,280 | $50,000,000,000 | Includes building over 60 skyscrapers, 500 highrises, 3 new CBDs, a subway system, and a smart city near Usaquén.[citation needed] |
Water-related
![]() | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2017) |
Ports, waterways, canals, and locks for Passenger Ships and Cargo Ships carrying passengers and cargo from country to country and islands nations are built as megaprojects
Africa
Eastern Africa
Ethiopia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam | Benishangul-Gumuz Region | Completed | $5,000,000,000 | The dam is located on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. Construction began in 2011 and is expected to be completed sometime between 2020 and 2022. |
Kenya
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
LAPSSET Corridor Program | Lamu | Under Construction | $13,000,000,000 |
Tanzania
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bagamoyo Port | Bagamoyo | Under Construction | $10,000,000,000 |
Northern Africa
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/New_Suez_Canal.jpeg/350px-New_Suez_Canal.jpeg)
Egypt
Project | Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Suez Canal | Ismailia and Suez | Completed | $8,400,000,000 | In August 2014, work started on expanding the Suez Canal, dubbed the "New Suez Canal" was completed and opened on 6 August 2015. |
Suez Canal | Ismailia and Suez | Completed | $1,725,950,238.22 | A human-made canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea cost $100 million in 1869. |
Western Africa
Nigeria
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Badagry Deep Sea Port | Badagry, Lagos State | Under Construction | $2,300,000,000 | Construction started in January 2016, and the project is expected to have a "soft Launch" in 2018.[198][199] |
Lekki Port | Lekki, Lagos State | Under Construction | $1,650,000,000 | The Port at Lekki is a new seaport in Lekki, and construction commenced in 2015. The port is planned to be developed in phases to meet the growing demand; phase one opened in 2018.[200] The port is financed by private investors and a consortium of banks who have funded the project with $1.65 billion so far.[201] |
Asia
East Asia
China
Project | City/District/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Three Gorges Dam | Sandouping, Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei Province | Completed | $59,000,000,000 | The Yangtze River Project began in 1994 and was Completed in 2003. |
South–North Water Transfer Project | South to North China | Under Construction | $79,000,000,000[202] | No timeline to indicate a completion date of this project and no telling how much more the project will cost. |
Japan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kamaishi Tsunami Protection Breakwater | Kamaishi, Iwate | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | Completed in March 2009, it soon became the tsunami barrier that failed to protect Kamaishi during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. |
South Asia
Sri Lanka
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colombo Harbour Expansion Project | Colombo | Completed | $1,200,000,000 | Construction began in 2008 and completely finished on 8 August 2013. |
Pakistan
Project | Location | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diamer-Bhasha Dam | near Chilas | Under Construction | $14,000,000,000[203] | Construction on the 4,800-megawatt plant began in June 2020, with an estimated completion cost of USD 14 billion.[204] It is expected to be completed by 2028. |
Mohmand Dam | Mohmand District | Under Construction | $2,100,000,000[205] | An under construction multi-purpose concrete-faced rock-filled dam located on the Swat River. the dam will generate 740 MW of hydroelectricity, irrigate 15,100 acres of land and control floods downstream. It is expected to be completed by November 2024. |
Dasu Dam | Dasu | Under Construction | $4,278,000,000[206] | The 242 m (794 ft) tall dam will support a 4,320 MW hydropower station, to be built in two 2,160 MW stages. Expected to be completed by 2025. |
India
Sagarmala Project- The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.[1][2] It entails investing Rs. 8.5 trillion (2018) to set up new mega ports, modernizing India's existing ports, developing of 14 Coastal Economic Zones (CEZs) and Coastal Economic Units, enhancing port connectivity via road, rail, multi-modal logistics parks, pipelines & waterways and promoting coastal community development, with the aim of boosting merchandise exports by US$110 billion and generating around 10,000,000 direct and indirect jobs. Six megaports are planned in Sagarmala project.[207]
S.No. | Location | State | Status |
1. | Sagar Island | West Bengal | DPR under preparation |
2. | Paradip Outer Harbour | Odisha | DPR under preparation. |
3. | Sirkazhi | Tamil Nadu | Techno Economic Feasibility Report(TEFR) prepared. |
4. | Kanniyakumari | Tamil Nadu | Major Transhipment Port at Kanniyakumari. SPV formed for the purpose - March 2019. |
5. | Belikeri | Karnataka | Techno Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) prepared. |
6. | Vadhavan | Maharashtra | DPR under preparation. |
Middle East
Israel
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
National Water Carrier of Israel | Completed | ~$1,100,000,000 | Completed in 1956 |
United Arab Emirates
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dubai Marina | Dubai | Completed | World's largest human-made marina, with 200 residential and hotel high rises. | |
Dubai Waterfront | Dubai | Suspended | Expected to become the largest waterfront and largest human-made development in the world. |
Caribbean
Cuba
Project | City/Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Port of Mariel Development Project | Mariel, Artemisa | Completed | $900,000,000[208] |
Central America
Nicaragua
Project | City/Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nicaragua Canal | Proposed | est. $100,000,000,000 | Formally the Nicaraguan Canal and Development Project (also referred to as the Nicaragua Grand Canal, or the Grand Interoceanic Canal) is a planned shipping route through Nicaragua to connect the Caribbean Sea (and therefore the Atlantic Ocean) with the Pacific Ocean. Its viability has been questioned by shipping experts and engineers[209] |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/New_Panama_Canal_expansion_project.png/350px-New_Panama_Canal_expansion_project.png)
Panama
Project | Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Panama Canal | Colón Province and Panamá Province | Completed | $8,961,664,698.46 | Originally constructed by the United States for about $360 million. Opened on 15 August 1914 with a series of locks, canals, and lakes which connect ships traveling between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. |
Panama Canal Expansion | Colón Province and Panamá Province | Completed | $5,250,000,000 | The Expansion Opened 26 June 2016. |
Europe
Denmark
Project | Region | Status | Cost (Danish Krone kr) | Cost (U.S. Dollar) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Energy Islands of Denmark | Capital Region of Denmark and North Jutland Region | Approved (Estimated completion in 2030) | kr210,000,000,000 | $29,554,980,000 | Two Energy Islands will become the world's first offshore energy hubs. At start, it is estimated to provide 5 GW of power. Visit Energy Islands website for more information. |
Netherlands
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zuiderzee Works | Central | Completed | A human-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage work, in total the largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the twentieth century. | |
Delta Works | Southwest Middelburg to Dordrecht | Completed | $13,000,000,000 | A series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. The project was proposed after the North Sea Flood of 1953. |
North America
Canada
Project | City/Province | Status | Cost (£) | Cost (US $) | Notes |
Rideau Canal | Kingston to Ottawa | Completed | £822,804 (January 1834) | A 202 km waterway opened in 1832 to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston. |
Mexico
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Port of Veracruz Expansion | Veracruz | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | |
Dos Bocas Refinery | Tabasco | Under Construction |
United States
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intracoastal Waterway | Boston, Massachusetts to Brownsville, Texas | Completed | A 3,000-mile (4,800 km) inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Boston, Massachusetts, southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas. |
South America
Brazil
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Porto Maravilha | Rio de Janeiro | Completed | $35,700,000,000 | Third-busiest port in Brazil.[210] |
See also
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