A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), also known as tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13 (TNFSF13), is a protein of the TNF superfamily recognized by the cell surface receptorTACI.[5][6]
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand (TNF) ligand family. This protein is a ligand for TNFRSF17/BCMA, a member of the TNF receptor family. This protein and its receptor are both found to be important for B cell development. In vivo experiments suggest an important role for APRIL in the long-term survival of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Mice deficient in APRIL have normal immune system development.[7] However, APRIL-deficient mice have also been reported to possess a reduced ability to support plasma cell survival.[8] In vitro experiments suggested that this protein may be able to induce apoptosis through its interaction with other TNF receptor family proteins such as TNFRSF6/FAS and TNFRSF14/HVEM.[9] Three alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.
APRIL is being explored as a target for autoimmune diseases and B cell malignancies.[12] At least one anti-APRIL monoclonal antibody has been announced to enter phase I clinical trials for multiple myeloma.[13]
^Belnoue E, Pihlgren M, McGaha TL, Tougne C, Rochat AF, Bossen C, Schneider P, Huard B, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA (March 2008). "APRIL is critical for plasmablast survival in the bone marrow and poorly expressed by early-life bone marrow stromal cells". Blood. 111 (5): 2755–64. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-09-110858. PMID18180376.
^Roth W, Wagenknecht B, Klumpp A, Naumann U, Hahne M, Tschopp J, Weller M (April 2001). "APRIL, a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family, modulates death ligand-induced apoptosis". Cell Death and Differentiation. 8 (4): 403–10. doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400827. PMID11550092.
^Wu Y, Bressette D, Carrell JA, Kaufman T, Feng P, Taylor K, Gan Y, Cho YH, Garcia AD, Gollatz E, Dimke D, LaFleur D, Migone TS, Nardelli B, Wei P, Ruben SM, Ullrich SJ, Olsen HS, Kanakaraj P, Moore PA, Baker KP (November 2000). "Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member TACI is a high affinity receptor for TNF family members APRIL and BLyS". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (45): 35478–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005224200. PMID10956646.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^Roschke V, Sosnovtseva S, Ward CD, Hong JS, Smith R, Albert V, Stohl W, Baker KP, Ullrich S, Nardelli B, Hilbert DM, Migone TS (October 2002). "BLyS and APRIL form biologically active heterotrimers that are expressed in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases". Journal of Immunology. 169 (8): 4314–21. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4314. PMID12370363.
Bossen C, Schneider P (October 2006). "BAFF, APRIL and their receptors: structure, function and signaling". Seminars in Immunology. 18 (5): 263–75. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.006. PMID16914324.
Tangye SG, Bryant VL, Cuss AK, Good KL (October 2006). "BAFF, APRIL and human B cell disorders". Seminars in Immunology. 18 (5): 305–17. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.004. PMID16916610.
Treml LS, Crowley JE, Cancro MP (October 2006). "BLyS receptor signatures resolve homeostatically independent compartments among naïve and antigen-experienced B cells". Seminars in Immunology. 18 (5): 297–304. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.001. PMID16919470.
Mackay F, Leung H (October 2006). "The role of the BAFF/APRIL system on T cell function". Seminars in Immunology. 18 (5): 284–9. doi:10.1016/j.smim.2006.04.005. PMID16931039.
Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID8125298.
Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S (October 1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID9373149.
Shu HB, Hu WH, Johnson H (May 1999). "TALL-1 is a novel member of the TNF family that is down-regulated by mitogens". Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 65 (5): 680–3. PMID10331498.
Cousin P, Billotte J, Chaubert P, Shaw P (January 2000). "Physical map of 17p13 and the genes adjacent to p53". Genomics. 63 (1): 60–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.6062. PMID10662545.
Kelly K, Manos E, Jensen G, Nadauld L, Jones DA (February 2000). "APRIL/TRDL-1, a tumor necrosis factor-like ligand, stimulates cell death". Cancer Research. 60 (4): 1021–7. PMID10706119.
Wu Y, Bressette D, Carrell JA, Kaufman T, Feng P, Taylor K, Gan Y, Cho YH, Garcia AD, Gollatz E, Dimke D, LaFleur D, Migone TS, Nardelli B, Wei P, Ruben SM, Ullrich SJ, Olsen HS, Kanakaraj P, Moore PA, Baker KP (November 2000). "Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member TACI is a high affinity receptor for TNF family members APRIL and BLyS". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (45): 35478–85. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005224200. PMID10956646.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Yu G, Boone T, Delaney J, Hawkins N, Kelley M, Ramakrishnan M, McCabe S, Qiu WR, Kornuc M, Xia XZ, Guo J, Stolina M, Boyle WJ, Sarosi I, Hsu H, Senaldi G, Theill LE (September 2000). "APRIL and TALL-I and receptors BCMA and TACI: system for regulating humoral immunity". Nature Immunology. 1 (3): 252–6. doi:10.1038/79802. PMID10973284.
Litinskiy MB, Nardelli B, Hilbert DM, He B, Schaffer A, Casali P, Cerutti A (September 2002). "DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL". Nature Immunology. 3 (9): 822–9. doi:10.1038/ni829. PMID12154359.
Roschke V, Sosnovtseva S, Ward CD, Hong JS, Smith R, Albert V, Stohl W, Baker KP, Ullrich S, Nardelli B, Hilbert DM, Migone TS (October 2002). "BLyS and APRIL form biologically active heterotrimers that are expressed in patients with systemic immune-based rheumatic diseases". Journal of Immunology. 169 (8): 4314–21. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.8.4314. PMID12370363.
