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People's Republic of China's civilian motor vehicle license plate

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The People's Republic of China's civilian motor vehicle license plate refers to the legal symbol registered by the statutory authorities for civilian motor vehicles permitted to travel on roads within the territory of the People's Republic of China, belonging to the vehicle registration plates of China. License plates are generally hung at specific locations on motor vehicles, with the number being the registration number of the motor vehicle. The coding system and format currently used have been in use since 1992, also known as the '92 style license plate, and have been revised in 2008 and 2010. New energy vehicle license plates began to be issued on December 1, 2016, initially piloted in five cities: Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Jinan, and Shenzhen.[1] The pilot issuance area has since expanded to other cities nationwide.

On August 12, 2002, Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, and Shenzhen piloted the registration of 2002-style motor vehicle license plates, but emergency issuance was halted on August 22, 2002.

History[edit]

After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, various local Public security bureau (China) agencies began issuing vehicle license plates, but the standards and numbering methods varied from place to place. In October 1950, automobile license plates were officially issued, using sequential motor vehicle license plates, with numbers arranged from small to large based on provinces. Starting from 1960, the Ministry of Public Security of the Central People's Government [zh] standardized the size, colors, and materials of license plates, and arranged them according to the sequence of provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions nationwide. Sequential motor vehicle license plates went through four generations.

In August 1986, the Ministry of Public Security began issuing the fifth generation of motor vehicle license plates[note 1]. This type of license plate, imitating vehicle registration plates of Japan, is divided into two rows. The characters in the first row are smaller, indicating the issuing authority in the format of "provincial-level administrative region name + two-digit area code", with the area code sequence roughly similar to the current "92 style" license plate area code sequence. The second row consists of 5 digits, a mix of Arabic numerals and Latin letters. In terms of plate color, small car plates are green with white letters, large car plates are red with white letters, foreign vehicle plates are black with red letters, and instructor vehicle plates are blue with white letters. Since this type of license plate was first issued in 1986, it is also known as the "86 style".

In 1992, the Ministry of Public Security began piloting the 1992-style motor vehicle license plates in cities like Urumqi and Daqing (the types of license plates currently issued), and nationwide issuance began in 1994.

In August 2002, Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, and Shenzhen piloted the "2002" motor vehicle license plates, covering four types of vehicles: large cars, small cars, motorcycles, and mopeds. These license plates allowed vehicle owners to customize their plate numbers, which consisted of six Latin letters or digits, increasing the number capacity by over 100 times. The plates also incorporated improved anti-counterfeiting technology and were managed digitally via computer systems. The license plates contained an embedded vehicle identification code that was bound to the vehicle and could not be separated from it. The pilot issuance was initially planned to run from August 12 to December 31 in the aforementioned areas, but it was halted after just 10 days due to "technical reasons." Subsequent vehicle transfers would revert to using the '92 style license plates. It is said that the current traffic control monitoring system cannot recognize traffic violations committed by vehicles with the '02 style license plates.[2][3]

On October 6, 2008, several cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, began issuing personalized motor vehicle license plates. The display format of these plates is the same as the 1992-style motor vehicle license plates, but the last five characters can be chosen by the vehicle owner, with different coding rules in each location. For example, Beijing only allows four digits and one Latin letter,[4] while Shenzhen allows up to two Latin letters. The original method of selecting license plate numbers also continued to be used[note 2] alongside the personalized plate number option.

On November 21, 2016, the Ministry of Public Security announced that starting December 1, 2016, pilot issuance of new energy vehicle license plates would begin in five cities: Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Jinan, and Shenzhen. Based on public opinion collected by the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security from April to May 2016, the design with the highest votes was selected as the final version. New energy vehicle license plate numbers have one more digit than regular vehicle license plates, making them six digits long. During the pilot period, newly purchased new energy vehicles in the five pilot cities would be issued new energy vehicle license plates upon registration. For already registered new energy vehicles, owners could choose to replace their old plates with the new ones voluntarily. Outside the pilot cities, new energy vehicles that were newly purchased and registered would still receive the '92 style license plates. The Ministry of Public Security also planned to research improvements to the design of regular vehicle license plates.[5]

Starting at 9 a.m. on December 1, the first new energy vehicle license plates were issued in the five pilot cities: 苏A·D09999 (Nanjing), 苏B·D00100 (Wuxi), 沪A·D00806 (Shanghai), 粤B·F03030 (Shenzhen), and 鲁A·D11111 (Jinan). As of August 2017, 76,000 new energy vehicle license plates had been issued in the five pilot cities. According to the Ministry of Public Security's plan, beginning in November 2017, new energy vehicle license plates would be issued in Baoding (Hebei), Changchun (Jilin), Fuzhou (Fujian), Qingdao (Shandong), Zhengzhou (Henan), Zhongshan (Guangdong), Liuzhou (Guangxi), Chongqing, Chengdu (Sichuan), and Kunming (Yunnan). By the end of December 2017, besides the direct-controlled municipalities, provincial capitals, and autonomous region capitals, at least one to two cities in each province (or region) would start issuing new energy vehicle license plates.[6] By the first half of 2018, all cities nationwide would fully implement the issuance of new energy vehicle license plates.[7]

Styles and Encoding Rules of Various Generations of License Plates[edit]

86 Style License Plate (No Longer in Use)

Example Illustration of an "86 Style" License Plate

In July 1986, mainland China began using the "86 style" license plates. These plates imitated the format of Japanese vehicle license plates and featured the following characteristics:

Format:

  • Two rows of text
  • Top Row: Smaller characters indicating the province name and a number
  • Bottom Row: A five-character registration number, a mix of Arabic numerals and Latin letters

Dimensions:

  • Motorcycle Plates: 220×120mm
  • Car Plates: 300×165mm
  • Police Vehicle Plates: Single row of text on a long plate

Color Codes:

  • Small passenger cars, light trucks: Green background with white characters
  • Large passenger cars, heavy trucks: Red background with white characters
  • Trailers: White background with black characters
  • Agricultural vehicles: Yellow background with white characters
  • Instructor or test vehicles: Blue background with white characters
  • Foreign vehicles: Black background; if restricted to specific areas, red characters
  • Police vehicles: Red characters "GA" (abbreviation for "Gong An," meaning public security) + two-digit province code + four-digit number

Transition to 92 Style License Plates: The "92 style" license plates were piloted in 1992 in places like Daqing and Ürümqi. The large-scale replacement of 86 style plates with 92 style plates began around 1994-1995. For Guangdong-Hong Kong and Guangdong-Macao dual plates, the 86 style "Guangdong 02" and "Guangdong 03" plates were used until 2001, when they were replaced by "Yue Z Gang" (粤Z港) and "Yue Z Ao" (粤Z澳) plates.

92 Style License Plates (Current)

The 1992-style motor vehicle license plates consist of a simplified Chinese character representing a first-level administrative region, followed by a Latin letter and a group of 5 digits or Latin letters. Typically, the Latin letter following the simplified Chinese character determines the importance of the city to the province. For example, "A" is used for vehicles registered in the city center of provincial capitals (or autonomous region capitals) or direct-controlled municipalities. Cities outside the provincial capitals are arranged from "B" onwards based on their economic development level and influence as of 1994. The letters for license plates from special economic zones are usually placed earlier (from "B" to "D", for example, Shenzhen is "粤B"), followed by the sequence based on factors like population of prefecture-level cities. The sequence of license plates in Fujian Province is determined clockwise based on the position of cities on the map, starting from Fuzhou as the origin. Fuzhou is labeled as "A", and then cities are arranged clockwise on the map starting from Fuzhou, from B (Putian) to J (Ningde). The sequence of license plates in Hubei Province is determined by the time when the city was last under provincial administration, with Wuhan as "A", Huangshi (1950) as "B", Shiyan (1973) as "C", and Shashi, which was under provincial administration in 1949 but later changed to municipal administration and reverted to provincial administration in 1979, as "D", and so on. Generally, cities outside directly administered municipalities usually correspond to only one letter for license plates, but a few county-level cities or districts in some provinces may have different letters from their prefecture-level cities, usually because they were initially classified as prefecture-level cities when the plates were issued but later did not have the same letters as their prefecture-level cities (for example, Foshan in Guangdong Province has three different letters for license plates: "E", "X", and "Y" (with X and Y discontinued since February 2018); Kunming in Yunnan Province has two letters, A and B, with the latter being the original license plate for Dongchuan City (now Dongchuan District, no longer issued)). Some provinces with many prefecture-level cities may even use up to "Z" (such as Guangdong and Sichuan provinces). Some cities, due to a significant increase in the number of motor vehicles, have found that the existing number ranges no longer meet their needs, so there are situations where two letters for license plates coexist (for example, Qingdao in Shandong Province has B and U).

Additionally, to avoid confusion with the numbers "1" and "0," the letters "I" and "O" are not used (with some exceptions for license plates of provincial government agencies and public security systems, such as the license plate for the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau "粤O A0001," which is managed like police car license plates). "O" plates, designated for civilian use by police vehicles, were introduced in the 1990s and enjoy priority on the roads. Some local government departments and related units have overused these plates beyond their specified scope, which has been widely criticized by the public. In 2003, Heilongjiang Province was the first to cancel "O" plates, and currently, 22 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions have discontinued these license plates.

The codes on the license plates are as follows:

  • Regular civilian license plates: The first field consists of the simplified Chinese abbreviation for the provincial-level administrative region (e.g., 京 for Beijing, 沪 for Shanghai, etc.); the second field is the Latin letter code for the second-level administrative region; the third field consists of a mix of 5 Arabic numerals and Latin letters.
  • Agricultural vehicle license plates: The first field consists of the simplified Chinese abbreviation for the provincial-level administrative region; the second field is the uppercase letters "NJ" (the initials of "农机", meaning agricultural machinery in Pinyin); the third field consists of a mix of 5 Arabic numerals and Latin letters.
Example of a 1992-style small vehicle license plate of the People's Republic of China

Special License Plates

In some regions, the following special license plates are also used:

Tractors:

Green License Plates:

  • The first field uses a 2-3 character abbreviation of the provincial-level administrative region in Chinese (e.g., 北京 for Beijing, 内蒙古 for Inner Mongolia, 新疆 for Xinjiang).
  • The second field is the Latin letter code for the second-level administrative region.
  • The third field is a sequence of 5 Arabic numerals.
  • Example: 北京WJ52C90 (Beijing WJ52C90)

Red License Plates:

  • The first field uses a 2-3 character abbreviation of the provincial-level administrative region in Chinese.
  • The second field consists of 2 Arabic numerals.
  • The third field is a sequence of 5 Arabic numerals.
  • Example: 上海KA357T8 (Shanghai KA357T8)

Low-Speed Trucks, Agricultural Transport Vehicles, Tractor-Transformed Transport Vehicles, Agricultural Passenger Vehicles, etc.:

Green License Plates:

  • The first field uses the simplified Chinese abbreviation for the provincial-level administrative region (e.g., 京 for Beijing, 沪 for Shanghai).
  • The second field consists of 1-2 Arabic numerals.
  • The third field is a sequence of 5 Arabic numerals.
  • Example: 京12A345 (Beijing 12A345)

New Energy Vehicle License Plates

New energy vehicle (NEV) license plates have been piloted since December 1, 2016, in Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Jinan, and Shenzhen. From November 20, 2017, they were also introduced in Baoding, Changchun, Fuzhou, Qingdao, Zhengzhou, Zhongshan, Liuzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, and Kunming. By the end of December 2017, in addition to directly administered municipalities, provincial capitals, and autonomous region capitals, each province (region) introduced the new plates in at least 1 to 2 more cities. In the first half of 2018, all cities nationwide fully implemented the new plates.

Special Symbol for New Energy Vehicle License Plates

NEV license plates feature a specialized symbol with a green background, symbolizing electric and new energy. The green circle on the right side contains an electric plug icon, and the colorful part on the left resembles the letter "E" (for electric).

NEV license plates are only applicable to "domestic," "regular," "civilian," and "long-term registered" vehicles. Diplomatic cars (使), consular cars (领), instructor cars (学), police cars (警), Hong Kong vehicles entering the mainland (港), Macau vehicles entering the mainland (澳), Armed Police (WJ), military vehicles, emergency rescue vehicles (应急), and temporary plates (including temporary travel, trial, over-limit, and temporary entry) do not differentiate between new energy and non-new energy vehicles. Therefore, even if these vehicles are new energy, they use their respective traditional license plate formats.

The dimensions of NEV license plates are 480mm x 140mm. The abbreviation for the provincial-level administrative region in Chinese characters measures 45mm x 90mm. Although the characters used in the 1992-style plates (440mm x 140mm) are also 45mm x 90mm, the font style of NEV plates differs from the 1992-style plates. The letters and numbers used in NEV plates are 43mm x 90mm.

  • The small new energy vehicle license plate has a gradient green background with black characters and a black border.
Example of a License Plate for Small New Energy Vehicles
  • The large new energy vehicle license plate features a yellow-green background with black characters and a black border.
Example of a License Plate for Large New Energy Vehicles

The license plate number consists of a simplified Chinese character representing the primary administrative region, followed by a Latin letter and a group of six digits or Latin letters, one more than regular vehicle license plates.

For purely electric vehicles, the letter "D" is given priority, followed by "A," "B," "C," and "E" as the "D" series is exhausted. For non-purely electric vehicles (including plug-in hybrid and fuel cell vehicles), the letter "F" is given priority, followed by "G," "H," "J," and "K" as the "F" series is exhausted.

In small vehicle license plates, the letter representing the energy form is placed in the first position of the plate number, while in large vehicle license plates, it's placed in the last position.

Permissible combinations for small vehicles include: letter representing energy form + five digits; letter representing energy form + any letter (excluding "I" and "O") + four digits.

Permissible combinations for large vehicles include: five digits + letter representing energy form.

The new energy vehicle license plates are produced using pollution-free hot stamping technology, with a green and environmentally friendly production process. They incorporate anti-counterfeiting techniques such as two-dimensional barcodes, hidden watermark patterns, and laser patterns to enhance security measures.

Emergency Rescue Special License Plate

At the end of 2018, a new type of emergency rescue special license plate for fire trucks was introduced, adopting the dimensions of 480×140mm from the new energy vehicle license plate and featuring characters including provincial administrative region abbreviations in Chinese, numbers, and letters. For example: "鄂X5132应急" and "鄂S2256应急". Currently, only two letters are used: "S" which was previously used by the forestry fire department, and "X" used by the fire rescue department. On January 6, 2023, the fire rescue department and the forestry fire department were integrated to establish the National Fire Rescue Bureau. However, there are currently no new regulations in place regarding this, and the spacing of characters on these plates differs from that of new energy vehicle plates.

EVandFDPlateTemplate
Template and Examples of New Energy Vehicle License Plates and Emergency Rescue Special License Plates
Volkswagen Passat Lingyu in Dongguan 2022
A vehicle with a license plate bearing the word "Emergency" was photographed in Dongguan City.


02 License Plate (No Longer in Use)

2002 Standard Motor Vehicle License Plate Simplified Diagram

Starting from August 12, 2002, the "2002" motor vehicle license plates, which were piloted in Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, and Shenzhen, are divided into four types: large-sized cars, small-sized cars, motorcycles, and light motorcycles.

  • Large-sized car plates have a yellow background with black characters and a black border.
  • Small-sized car plates have a blue-and-white background with black characters and a black border.
  • Motorcycle plates have a yellow background with black characters and a black border.
  • Light motorcycle plates have a blue-and-white background with black characters and a black border.

When selecting a plate number, vehicle owners follow the "3+3" principle, where the individual arranges the numbers themselves. After confirming through computer retrieval that the selected plate number has not been used, it is determined as the vehicle's plate number. The plate is then produced on-site by the public security traffic management department and issued immediately.

Plate number combinations include:

  • 3 English letters - 3 Arabic numerals
  • 3 Arabic numerals - 3 English letters
  • 3 Arabic numerals - 3 Arabic numerals

Due to controversies arising from the combination of letters and numbers on this standard plate, starting from August 22, 2002, the transportation authorities stopped issuing the 2002 standard plates citing "technical reasons."[8][9]

Codes of Vehicle Registration Authorities in Various Regions[edit]

Beijing (京)[edit]

A two-wheeled motorcycle with a Beijing B license plate and a three-wheeled motorcycle with a Beijing A license plate
Blue license plates in Beijing
Black license plates in Beijing, with the last digit not captured in the photograph, are no longer issued

Automobiles

Motorcycles[note 5]

Tianjin (津)[edit]

  • A Bus, police vehicles, new energy vehicles
  • B/C/D/F/G/H/J/K/L/M/N/Q/R Tianjin City
  • E Taxi

Hebei (冀)[edit]

Shanxi (晋)[edit]

Inner Mongolia (蒙)[edit]

Liaoning (辽)[edit]

Jilin (吉)[edit]

Heilongjiang (黑)[edit]

Shanghai (沪)[edit]

Vehicles like the BYD Qin, which bear the 沪A new energy license plates in Shanghai, can be obtained without the need for bidding
The Audi A8 with a 沪C license plate in Shanghai faces certain restrictions when driving into the urban areas of the city
A BMW motorcycle with a 沪A license plate in Shanghai

Automobiles[note 20][note 21]

Motorcycles[note 25]

Jiangsu (苏)[edit]

A BYD K9 electric bus with a special new energy license plate from Nanjing City
A Suzhou Jinlong Higer minibus with a special new energy license plate from Suzhou City

Zhejiang (浙)[edit]

Anhui (皖)[edit]

A BYD K8 bus with a public transportation license plate from Bengbu City
A Changan CM8 vehicle with a license plate from Suzhou City

Fujian (闽)[edit]

A Jinlv XML6805JEVY0C1 pure electric urban bus with a special new energy license plate from Quanzhou City

Jiangxi (赣)[edit]

===Shandong (鲁)===[note 34]

Henan (豫)[edit]

Hubei (鄂)[edit]

Hunan (湘)[edit]

Guangdong (粤)[edit]

Guangdong (粵) vehicle number plate licensing authority code
The vehicle license plates in Zhuhai City
All vehicles entering mainland China from Hong Kong (excluding those under the Hong Kong vehicle Northbound Scheme)
All vehicles entering mainland China from Macau (excluding those under the Macau vehicle Northbound Scheme and the Hengqin single plate scheme)

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (桂)[edit]

Hainan (琼)[edit]

C Qiongbei Vehicle Management Office

D Qiongnan Vehicle Management Office

Chongqing (渝)[edit]

Starting from May 18, 2017, Chongqing implemented a new online appointment service for selecting vehicle license plate numbers. Vehicle owners can now choose license plate numbers from any series labeled A to H across the entire city, without being restricted to specific districts[note 59]:

Sichuan (川)[edit]

Guizhou (贵)[edit]

Yunnan (云)[edit]

Tibet Autonomous Region (藏)[edit]

Jinbei Gereis with Lhasa license plate

Shaanxi (陕)[edit]

Taxi with Xi'an license plate

A/U Xi'an, including Xixian New Area[note 65]

Gansu (甘)[edit]

Qinghai (青)[edit]

Haidong City license plate

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (宁)[edit]

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (新)[edit]

Toyota Vios with Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture license plate

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Fourth generation sequential license plate
  2. ^ For example, the 'ten choose one' method, where the computer automatically generates ten combinations of numbers and Latin letters, from which the car owner selects one group
  3. ^ After January 2018, Beijing's A•A license plates were made available to the general public.
  4. ^ The special number segments for suburban areas are no longer issued, and have been replaced by local number segments that are not "京G" or "京Y"
  5. ^ Temporary license plates are not limited to the A, B, or C number segments
  6. ^ They can enter within the 4th Ring Road, and new license plates are no longer issued. Existing vehicle license plates are allowed to be transferred
  7. ^ They are not allowed to enter within the 4th Ring Road
  8. ^ Starting from November 1, 2023, electric three-wheeled cargo motorcycles used in postal delivery, landscaping, sanitation, and other public service industries are allowed to operate on roads throughout the city
  9. ^ Originally, the Shijiazhuang area used license plates with "冀M" as the prefix
  10. ^ Originally, the Handan area used license plates with "冀K" as the prefix
  11. ^ Originally, the Xingtai area used license plates with "冀L" as the prefix
  12. ^ Originally, the Baoding area used license plates with "冀N" as the prefix
  13. ^ Originally, the Zhangjiakou area used license plates with "冀P" as the prefix
  14. ^ Originally, the Chengde area used license plates with "冀Q" as the prefix
  15. ^ Originally, the Cangzhou area used license plates with "冀S" as the prefix
  16. ^ The prefix "*DT" is specifically designated for taxi
  17. ^ Some cities and leagues have already canceled it
  18. ^ *BT refers to a taxi
  19. ^ In the early days of license plates, the main urban area used English letters and numbers 0-4. For example, 吉A5 was for Yushu, 吉A6 for Nong'an, 吉A7 for Dehui, 吉A8 for Jiutai District (formerly Jiutai City), and 吉A9 for Shuangyang. However, in the new license plate system, these classifications have been weakened, and a more mixed usage approach has been adopted
  20. ^ The license plates for small vehicles, where the third letter is M, N, U, V, W, or X, and the following four digits are all numbers, are taxi plates. Specifically, if the third letter is X, it indicates it's for individual operators. For plates where the third letter is Y and the following four digits are all numbers, these are vehicle rental plates used by car rental companies
  21. ^ Before December 2016, in Shanghai, besides plates starting with A-Z (for private vehicles) and C-Z (which do not exist beyond 沪C-Z followed by four digits), any plate where the third letter was Z and the following four digits were all numbers belonged to the special segment for new energy vehicles. These plates were exclusively for qualified new energy vehicles and did not require bidding. Starting from December 2016, new energy vehicles purchased and registered in Shanghai were issued new energy-specific plates (details on specific numbering rules were outlined earlier). According to a policy announced by the Shanghai municipal government in February 2021, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles were exempt from bidding for license plates until December 31, 2022. From January 1, 2023, quotas for special plates for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles will no longer be issued. Since late April 2021, registration procedures for mini pure electric vehicles purchased in Shanghai have been temporarily suspended pending the announcement of new policies
  22. ^ 沪BH license plates are used for operating small trucks. They follow the format of 沪BH0000-BH9999 and 沪BH0A00-H9Z99
  23. ^ Applicants must present proof of residence outside the Outer Ring Road, such as an ID card, household registration, or residence permit, to obtain this license plate. This segment does not require an auction for issuance (except for motorcycles)
  24. ^ Vehicles (excluding motorcycles) with 沪C license are prohibited from entering the following areas; Taxis with 沪C license plates are allowed to travel freely on the above roads but are generally prohibited from entering the specified areas:
  25. ^ Starting from January 1, 2008, Shanghai will no longer register for motorcycles, and existing license plates can be transferred
  26. ^ Motorcycle license plates with 沪A and 沪B are unrestricted for travel in both urban and suburban areas of Shanghai
  27. ^ A Shanghai A plate (yellow plate) can be converted into a quota for registering a small car
  28. ^ Motorcycles with 沪C, 沪D, and 沪E license plates are prohibited from traveling on roads within the following areas: along Ningguo South Road (excluding this road) — Yangshupu Road (Ningguo South Road to Ningguo Road section, excluding this road) — Ningguo Road (including this road) — Huangxing Road (including this road) — Zhongshan North 2nd Road (including this road) — Zhongshan North 1st Road (including this road) — Zhongshan Road North (including this road) — Zhongshan Road West (including this road) — Zhongshan South 2nd Road (including this road) — Zhongshan South 1st Road (including this road) — Zhongshan Road South (including this road) — Lujiabang Road (including this road) — surface roads of Nanpu Bridge and the area enclosed by the Huangpu River shoreline
  29. ^ The additional license plate numbers in Suzhou were put into use on January 5, 2019
  30. ^ Starting from March 1, 2021, 浙A license plates are divided into 浙A license plates and 浙A regional license plates, with different staggered travel areas. The combination format for regional license plate numbers is that the 2nd and 5th positions or the 3rd and 4th positions after 浙A are letters, while the rest are numbers
  31. ^ Fuzhou City, Pingtan County; includes parts of the provincial system
  32. ^ 赣M was once used by the provincial system and was issued to the citizens of Nanchang in January 2010
  33. ^ It was once used by the Procuratorate, public security bureaus in various cities, and some public institutions
  34. ^ Including 鲁A for the provincial capital Jinan, the sequence from 鲁A to 鲁L aligns with the order in which each city became a provincial-level city. The cities with 鲁M to 鲁R (excluding the police use 鲁O) were still designated as "Prefectures of China" at the end of 1991. Laiwu City, designated as 鲁S, was established as a prefecture-level administrative division in 1992
  35. ^ 鲁S was originally the license plate designation for Laiwu City. However, after Laiwu was merged into Jinan, the issuance of 鲁S plates was suspended on October 8, 2019, and 鲁A plates were used instead. The issuance of 鲁S plates resumed on March 22, 2023
  36. ^ 鲁U is an additional license plate series that was introduced in 2000
  37. ^ 鲁Y is also an additional license plate series
  38. ^ 鲁V is also an additional license plate series
  39. ^ 鲁W was originally the license plate designation for provincial government staff. Issuance of 鲁W plates was halted at the end of 2016, and they were required to be replaced with 鲁A plates. Starting January 1, 2019, vehicles that did not replace their 鲁O or 鲁W plates faced penalties and accountability. 鲁W plates are planned to be reissued in February 2024 for vehicles in Linyi City
  40. ^ 豫V is an additional license plate series that was officially introduced on September 16, 2020
  41. ^ AW: Provincial government system; AX/AY: Taxi
  42. ^ 鄂W license plates were officially issued starting April 26, 2022
  43. ^ Before February 2014, 鄂O license plates were designated specifically for the public security and political-legal system. Although officially discontinued in name, some 鄂O segment plates are still retained and used by public security agencies in practice
  44. ^ Followed by the first digits 6, 7, 8, and 9 represent Changsha County, Wangcheng District, Liuyang City, and Ningxiang County; followed by "T" (blue plates) or "DX" (green plates) represents taxi
  45. ^ Followed by the first digits 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 respectively represent Zhuzhou County, Liling County, You County, Chaling County, and Yanling County
  46. ^ Followed by the first digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 respectively represent Hengnan County, Hengdong County, Hengshan County, Hengyang County, Qidong County, Changning City, and Leiyang City
  47. ^ Followed by the first digits 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 respectively represent Yueyang County, Pingjiang County, Huarong County, Xiangyin County, Miluo City, and Linxiang City
  48. ^ Followed by the first digits 5, 6, 7, and 8 respectively represent Taojiang County, Anhua County, Yuanjiang County, and Nan County
  49. ^ Followed by the first digits 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively represent Hanshou County, Taoyuan County, Linli County, Shimen County, Li County, Hunan, Jinshi City, and Anxiang County
  50. ^ Followed by the first digit 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively represent Lianyuan City, Shuangfeng County, Lengshuijiang, and Xinhua County
  51. ^ Followed by the first digits 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (0~4), 7 (5~9), 8, and 9 represent Qiyang County, Dao County, Jiangyong County, Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, and Lanshan County respectively. , (0~4) Shuangpai County, (5~9) Xintian County, Ningyuan County, Dong'an County
  52. ^ No Letter (00000-99999): Used for urban registered vehicles (now mostly inactive)
      • First Letter:
      • Second Letter(0A000-9Z999)Urban registered vehicles with random number segments
      • Third Letter:
      • Fourth Letter(000A0-999Z9)Urban registered vehicles with random number segments; some used for public auctions
      • The fifth position is a letter (0000A-9999Z), the first and fifth positions are letters (A000A-Z999Z), and the last two positions are letters (000AA-999ZZ). These are used for urban registered vehicles and plates designated for public auctions
      • First Two Letters:
        • (AA000-FZ999):Some military unit civilian vehicle plates, urban buses, and large vehicles
        • (BA000-DZ999):Panyu District (now mostly inactive, merged with urban vehicle usage)
        • (GA000-PZ999):Urban registered vehicles
        • (QA000-TZ999):Panyu District (S and T segments not yet used)
        • (UA000-VZ999):Huadu District
        • (WA000-XZ999):Zengcheng District
        • (YA000-ZZ999):Conghua District
      • Second and Third Letters(0AA00-9ZZ99)Urban registered vehicles with random number segments
      • First and Third Letters(A0A00-Z9Z99)Urban registered vehicles with random number segments
      • First and Fourth Letters(A00A0-Z99Z9)Urban registered vehicles with random number segments (not fully issued)
      • Second and Fourth Letters(0A0A0-9Z9Z9)Urban registered vehicles with random number segments (not fully issued)
      • Second and Fifth Letters(0A00A-9Z99Z)Recently opened segments for urban registered vehicles
  53. ^ Originally, these plates were uniformly issued across the entire city of Foshan. After the introduction of 粤X and 粤Y plates, these plates were only issued in Chancheng District, Gaoming District, and Sanshui District. Starting from February 1, 2018, Foshan resumed unified issuance across the city with plates beginning with 粤E
  54. ^ According to police vehicle plate management, for example, 粤OA0001 would denote the official vehicle of the Guangzhou Public Security Bureau Director
  55. ^ In 1999, the issuance of plates started with the promotion of Shunde District Vehicle Management Division of Foshan Public Security Bureau to Shunde Public Security Bureau Vehicle Management Division. However, starting from February 1, 2018, the issuance of these plates was discontinued
  56. ^ In 2000, the issuance of plates began with the promotion of Nanhai District Vehicle Management Division of Foshan Public Security Bureau to Nanhai Public Security Bureau Vehicle Management Division. However, starting from February 1, 2018, the issuance of these plates was discontinued
  57. ^ Vehicles registered in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) or the Macao Special Administrative Region (MSAR) that enter mainland China, excluding those under the "Northbound Scheme" for Hong Kong and Macao vehicles, are restricted to travel within Guangdong Province. The license plates issued for these vehicles are as follows:
      • 粵Z ****港: Vehicles from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, with license plates issued by the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department
      • 粵Z ****澳: Vehicles from the Macao Special Administrative Region, also with license plates issued by the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department
    These vehicles are limited to travel within Guangdong Province and are not permitted to enter other regions. For more details, refer to the Vehicle registration plates of Hong Kong and Vehicle registration plates of Macau
  58. ^ Following the initial digit 桂L1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; 桂LA0000, and 桂LB0000 respectively represent: Tianyang, Tiandong, Pingguo, Debao, Jingxi, Tianlin, Longlin, Napo, Lingyun, Xilin, and Leye
  59. ^ Before May 18, 2017, the issuance of license plates in Chongqing was divided into administrative regions based on the following codes:
  60. ^ Before 1997, "川G" was used as the vehicle license plate prefix specifically for Mianyang City
  61. ^ Before 1997, was used specifically for vehicles registered in Chongqing City
  62. ^ buses and taxis use license plates that follow the format "贵A-U", which are followed by U after the initial prefix 贵A
  63. ^ The license plate prefix "云A-V" corresponds to Dongchuan District
  64. ^ The license plate prefix "云O-V" is designated for the Public Security Traffic Management Bureau
  65. ^ The prefixes "AT" and "AU" are specifically designated for taxis, while "AY" is reserved for tourist buses
  66. ^ Yangling District in Xianyang City
  67. ^ The original 青O license plate was designated for civilian use with a special segment reserved for police vehicles. Currently, these plates are being used for civilian vehicles in Xining City and will also be introduced for civilian use in Haidong City in the future

References[edit]

  1. ^ WENTING, ZHOU (2016-12-02). "5 cities begin issuing special license plates for new energy vehicles". China Daily. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  2. ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Aug/40204.htm
  3. ^ "China Puts Brakes on Personalized License Plates". Los Angeles Times. 2002-08-23. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  4. ^ https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-10/10/content_7154385.htm
  5. ^ https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-12/02/content_27544973.htm
  6. ^ https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201711/22/WS5a276377a3107865316d2df8.html
  7. ^ https://nacre.yuneed.com/en/news-center-en/industry-news-en/950-china-will-gradually-promote-the-new-energy-vehicle-special-card-in-the-whole-country.html
  8. ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/2002/Aug/40204.htm
  9. ^ https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-aug-23-fg-plates23-story.html
  10. ^ Burgeoning Xiong'an gets new license. (31 March, 2023). Chinadailyhk. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from https://www.chinadailyhk.com/hk/article/323341?showpdf=true
  11. ^ “Magic” plates disappear from Hohhot roads. (May 04, 2009). Www.chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved June 13, 2024, from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-05/04/content_7739608.htm