Incheon International Airport: Difference between revisions
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| [[Jetstar Airways]] | [[Gold Coast Airport|Gold Coast]] (begins 8 December 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/285113/jetstar-extends-seoul-incheon-reservations-into-ns20/?highlight=Jetstar%20Airways|title=JetStar extends Seoul Incheon reservations into NS20|first=UBM (UK)|last=Ltd. 2019|website=Routesonline}}</ref> |
| [[Jetstar Airways]] | [[Gold Coast Airport|Gold Coast]] (begins 8 December 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/285113/jetstar-extends-seoul-incheon-reservations-into-ns20/?highlight=Jetstar%20Airways|title=JetStar extends Seoul Incheon reservations into NS20|first=UBM (UK)|last=Ltd. 2019|website=Routesonline}}</ref> |
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| [[Jin Air]] | [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]], [[Mactan-Cebu International Airport|Cebu]], [[Clark International Airport|Clark]], [[Da Nang International Airport|Da Nang]], [[Fukuoka Airport|Fukuoka]], [[Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport|Guam]], [[Noi Bai International Airport|Hanoi]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Daniel K. Inouye International Airport|Honolulu]], [[Kitakyushu Airport|Kitakyushu]], [[Kota Kinabalu International Airport|Kota Kinabalu]], [[Macau International Airport|Macau]], [[Naha Airport|Naha]], [[Kansai International Airport|Osaka–Kansai]], [[Saipan International Airport|Saipan]], [[New Chitose Airport|Sapporo–Chitose]], [[Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei–Taoyuan]], [[Narita International Airport|Tokyo–Narita]] |
| [[Jin Air]] | [[Suvarnabhumi Airport|Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi]], [[Mactan-Cebu International Airport|Cebu]], [[Clark International Airport|Clark]], [[Da Nang International Airport|Da Nang]], [[Fukuoka Airport|Fukuoka]], [[Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport|Guam]], [[Noi Bai International Airport|Hanoi]], [[Hong Kong International Airport|Hong Kong]], [[Daniel K. Inouye International Airport|Honolulu]], [[Senai International Airport|Johor Bahru]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/38/airlineroute/275323/jin-air-expands-malaysia-service-in-1q18/|title=Jin Air expands Malaysia service in 1Q18|publisher=Routesonline|accessdate=20 October 2017}}</ref>, [[Kitakyushu Airport|Kitakyushu]], [[Kota Kinabalu International Airport|Kota Kinabalu]], [[Macau International Airport|Macau]], [[Naha Airport|Naha]], [[Kansai International Airport|Osaka–Kansai]], [[Saipan International Airport|Saipan]], [[New Chitose Airport|Sapporo–Chitose]], [[Taoyuan International Airport|Taipei–Taoyuan]], [[Narita International Airport|Tokyo–Narita]] |
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| [[KLM]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]] |
| [[KLM]] | [[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol|Amsterdam]] |
Revision as of 14:13, 28 August 2019
Incheon International Airport 인천국제공항 | |||||||||||||||||||
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File:ICN-RKSI조감도.png | |||||||||||||||||||
Summary | |||||||||||||||||||
Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||||||
Owner | Incheon International Airport Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||
Operator | Incheon International Airport Corporation | ||||||||||||||||||
Serves | Seoul Capital Area | ||||||||||||||||||
Location | Jung District, Incheon, South Korea | ||||||||||||||||||
Hub for | |||||||||||||||||||
Focus city for | |||||||||||||||||||
Elevation AMSL | 7 m / 23 ft | ||||||||||||||||||
Coordinates | 37°27′48″N 126°26′24″E / 37.46333°N 126.44000°E | ||||||||||||||||||
Website | www.airport.kr | ||||||||||||||||||
Map | |||||||||||||||||||
Runways | |||||||||||||||||||
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Helipads | |||||||||||||||||||
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Statistics (2018) | |||||||||||||||||||
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Statistics from KAC[1] |
Incheon International Airport | |
Hangul | |
---|---|
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Incheon gukje gonghang |
McCune–Reischauer | Inch'ŏn kukche konghang |
Incheon International Airport (IIA) (IATA: ICN, ICAO: RKSI) (sometimes referred to as Seoul–Incheon International Airport) is the largest airport in South Korea, the primary airport serving the Seoul Capital Area, and one of the largest and busiest airports in the world. Since 2005, it has been rated the best airport worldwide by Airports Council International every year.[2] It is also rated as the world's cleanest airport and the world's best international transit airport by Skytrax.[3]
The airport has a golf course, spa, private sleeping rooms, an ice skating rink, a casino, indoor gardens, video game center and a Museum of Korean Culture. Airport authorities claim that average departure and arrival takes 19 minutes and 12 minutes, respectively, as compared to worldwide average of 60 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively, ranking it among the fastest airports in the world for customs processing.[4] Its duty-free shopping mall has been rated the world's best for three years in a row in 2013 by Business Traveller.[5] Incheon International Airport also claims that it has only a 0.0001% baggage mishandling rate.[6]
The airport opened for business on 29 March 2001 to replace the older Gimpo International Airport, which now serves mostly domestic destinations and shuttle flights to several East Asian metropolitan areas including Tokyo, Osaka, Beijing, Shanghai, and Taipei.
Incheon International Airport is located west of Incheon's city center, on an artificially created piece of land between Yeongjong and Yongyu Islands. The two islands were originally separated by shallow sea. That area between the two islands was reclaimed for the construction project, effectively connecting the once separate Yeongjong and Yongyu islands. The reclaimed area as well as the two islands are all part of Jung-gu, an administrative district of Incheon.
The airport holds a record of being ranked the Best Airport Worldwide for 11 consecutive years by the Airports Council International (ACI)'s Airport Service Quality Award from 2005 to 2016, and has also been rated the world's best among airports of its size (25–40 million passengers) and region (Asia-Pacific) since 2012 due to the institution's decision to discontinue the Best Airport Worldwide category. [citation needed]
Incheon International Airport's terminal has 111 boarding gates altogether, with 44 in Terminal 1, 30 in Concourse A (connected to terminal 1), and 37 in Terminal 2.
The airport was constructed to share the demand for air transport in the 21st century and to serve as a hub airport in Northeast Asia.[7]
History
After the Seoul Olympics of 1988, international air traffic to Korea increased. In the 1990s, it became apparent that Gimpo International Airport could not cope with the increase in air traffic. To reduce the load on Gimpo International Airport, the government decided to build a new airport.
The new airport was originally planned to be located in Cheongju, 124 km from Seoul, but due to its distance, it was opposed by Seoul and Gyeonggi citizens. [citation needed] Hwaseong was the other choice, but it was also rejected due to similar reasons. Finally the area chosen was Incheon. [when?]
In November 1992, the construction of the Incheon airport began on reclaimed land between Yeongjong Island and Youngyu Island, and took eight years to finish, with an additional six months for testing. Completion was initially scheduled for 1997 but delayed due to the economic crisis.[8] The airport was officially opened on 21 March 2001.
On 15 November 2006, the Airbus A380 landed at the airport as part of the first leg of its certification trip.[9] Tests on the runways, taxiways, and ramps showed that the airport could handle the aircraft.
To further upgrade service, Incheon and major Korean logistics firm Hanjin Corporation (parent company of Korean Air) agreed on January 10, 2008 to build Yeongjong Medical Centre, which was completed in 2012. This hospital serves nearby residents and some of the 30,000 medical tourists who come to Korea annually.[10]
Statistics
Located 48 km (30 mi) west of Seoul, the capital and the largest city of South Korea, Incheon International Airport is the main hub for Korean Air, Asiana Airlines, Jeju Air, Polar Air Cargo, and Delta Air Lines. The airport serves as a hub for international civilian air transportation and cargo traffic in East Asia. In 2016, the Incheon International Airport was the fifth busiest airport in the world and third in Asia by cargo traffic, and 19th in the world and eighth in Asia by passenger traffic. In 2016, the airport served a total of 57,849,814 passengers.
The airport opened for business in early 2001 to replace the older Gimpo International Airport, which now serves mostly domestic destinations plus shuttle flights to alternate airports in Osaka, Shanghai, Taipei and Tokyo.
Construction phases
The airport was originally planned to be built in three phases, incrementally increasing airport capacity as the demand grew. This was changed, however, to four phases after the airport was opened.
Phase 1
In Phase 1, the airport had a capacity of 30 million passengers annually, and a cargo capacity of 1.7 million metric tonnes annually. In this phase, a passenger terminal with a floor space of 496,000 square metres (5,340,000 sq ft), two parallel runways, a control tower, an administrative building, a transportation centre (the Integrated Transportation Centre, designed by Terry Farrell and Partners and Samoo Architects & Engineers), and integrated operations centre, three cargo terminals, international business centre, and a government office building were constructed.
Phase 2
Phase 2 construction began in 2002, and was originally expected to be completed in December 2008. However, in an attempt to have the airport ready for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, which took place in August 2008, the schedule was modified, and Phase 2 construction was completed on 20 June 2008. During this construction phase, a third parallel 4,000-metre-long (13,000 ft) runway and a 13-hectare cargo terminal area were added. A 16.5-hectare concourse connected to the main passenger building via two parallel 870-metre-long (2,850 ft) underground passageways was added, with a Mitsubishi Crystal Mover shuttle train APM shuttling passengers between the concourse and the main terminal.[11]
Many long-distance foreign carriers were moved to the new concourse, with Korean Air and Asiana Airlines continuing to use the existing terminal.
Phase 3
The South Korean government invested ₩4 trillion until 2017 to expand Incheon International Airport. The second passenger terminal was constructed in the northern field of the airport, and its existing cargo terminal and other infrastructures were expanded. The terminals are connected to each other by the underground "Starline" train. Also, a Landside Connecting system (Bus shuttle) is used for airport employees and departing passengers who don't come to the right terminal. After completion, Incheon International Airport is able to handle 62 million passengers and 5.8 million tons of cargo a year, up from the previous capacity of 44 million passengers and 4.5 million tons. Construction began in 2011 and was completed in 2017. The terminal opened on January 18, 2018. Incheon's expansion also include adding more aprons to park planes and extending a railway line to the city center of Seoul about 70 kilometres (43 mi) away from the airport. The airport also signed an agreement to build a resort called "Inspire" which includes 6-star hotels, theme parks, and a casino.[12]
Phase 4
Estimated to be completed in 2020, this is the final and the ultimate construction stage. Upon completion, the airport will have two passenger terminals, four satellite concourses, 128 gates, and five parallel runways (one exclusively for cargo flights).[13] It will be able to handle 100 million passengers and 7 million metric tonnes of cargo annually, with further possible expansions. The airport is projected to be transformed into one of the ten busiest airports in the world by 2020.
Terminals
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2013) |
Terminal 1
Terminal 1 (measuring 496,000 square meters) is the largest airport terminal in area in South Korea. Terminal 1 was designed by Curtis W. Fentress, FAIA, RIBA of Fentress Architects. It is 1,060 metres (3,480 ft) long, 149 metres (489 ft) wide, and 33 metres (108 ft) high. Its construction cost was 1.3816 trillion South Korean Won.[citation needed] The terminal has 44 boarding ports (all of which can accommodate the Airbus A380), 50 customs inspection ports, 2 biological quarantine counters, 6 stationary and 14 portable passenger quarantine counters, 120 arrival passport inspection counters, 8 arrival security ports, 28 departure security ports, 252 check in counters, and 120 departure passport inspection counters. In 2015, an automatic check-in counter lane was introduced, where people traveling via Korean Air, Asiana Airlines and China Southern Airlines can use. Instead of having airport staff at the counter, there is a machine where travelers input their flight information, scan their passports, receive their flight tickets and lastly, load the luggage onto the conveyor. This system was planned to be introduced in Terminal 2, but in May 2015 Incheon Airport used one of the counter islands for the unmanned luggage handling system.[14]
Concourse
The passenger concourse was completed at the end of May 2008. It is connected to Terminal 1 by two parallel 870-metre-long (2,850 ft) underground passageways equipped with IATs (Intra Airport Transit). It has 30 gates and six lounges [15](Asiana Airlines/Star Alliance, Singapore Airlines/Star Alliance, Cathay Pacific/Oneworld, Japan Airlines/Oneworld, Korean Air/SkyTeam, and China Eastern Airlines/SkyTeam).
Terminal 2
A new passenger terminal opened on January 18, 2018, and Korean Air, KLM, Delta Air Lines, and Air France flights were relocated from Terminal 1 to Terminal 2. Other SkyTeam members such as Aeromexico, Alitalia, China Airlines, Garuda Indonesia, XiamenAir, Czech Airlines and Aeroflot started serving the Terminal 2 on 28 October 2018. Rest of the SkyTeam members, such as Vietnam Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, will be relocated to Terminal 2 after the Phase 4 construction work is complete.[16]
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Traffic and statistics
In 2017, the airport was the world's fourth busiest airport by cargo traffic and third in Asia,[78] and the world's 19th busiest airport by passenger traffic and ninth in Asia.[79] In 2017, the airport served a total of 62,082,032 passengers.
Top destinations
Domestic destinations are shown below:
Rank | Airport | Aircraft
Operations |
Passengers | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Busan-Gimhae | 4,122 | 462,504 | |
2 | Daegu | 1,453 | 92,335 | |
3 | Jeju | 164 | 28,300 | |
4 | Muan | 1 | 144 | |
5 | Ulsan | 2 | 142 | |
6 | Yangyang | 7 | 138 | |
Source: KAC Airport statics |
Annual traffic
Years | Aircraft
Operations |
Passengers | Cargo | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | 86,807 | 14,542,290 | 1,186,015 | |
2002 | 126,094 | 20,924,171 | 1,705,928 | |
2003 | 130,185 | 19,789,874 | 1,843,055 | |
2004 | 149,776 | 24,084,072 | 2,133,444 | |
2005 | 160,843 | 26,051,466 | 2,150,139 | |
2006 | 182,007 | 28,191,116 | 2,336,571 | |
2007 | 211,404 | 31,227,897 | 2,555,580 | |
2008 | 211,102 | 29,973,522 | 2,423,717 | |
2009 | 198,918 | 28,549,770 | 2,313,002 | |
2010 | 214,835 | 33,478,925 | 2,684,499 | |
2011 | 229,580 | 35,062,366 | 2,539,222 | |
2012 | 254,037 | 38,970,864 | 2,456,724 | |
2013 | 271,224 | 41,482,828 | 2,464,385 | |
2014 | 290,043 | 45,512,099 | 2,557,681 | |
2015 | 305,446 | 49,281,220 | 2,595,677 | |
2016 | 339,673 | 57,765,397 | 2,714,341 | |
2017 | 360,295 | 62,082,032 | 2,921,691 | |
2018 | 387,497 | 68,259,763 | 2,952,123 | |
Source: IIAC Airport Statistics[80] |
Top carriers
In 2018, the twelve carriers with the largest percentage of passengers flying into, out of, or through Incheon are as follows:
Rank | Carrier | Aircraft
Operations |
Passengers | % |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Korean Air | 94,214 | 17,755,258 | 26.01% |
2 | Asiana Airlines | 64,449 | 12,311,259 | 18.04% |
3 | Jeju Air | 32,370 | 5,521,533 | 8.09% |
4 | Jin Air | 21,801 | 4,357,286 | 6.38% |
5 | T'way Air | 15,426 | 2,537,978 | 3.72% |
6 | Eastar Jet | 13,990 | 2,241,671 | 3.28% |
7 | Air Seoul | 10,169 | 1,727,681 | 2.53% |
8 | China Eastern Airlines | 11,282 | 1,625,062 | 2.38% |
9 | China Southern Airlines | 11,678 | 1,583,939 | 2.32% |
10 | VietJet Air | 5,991 | 1,094,883 | 1.60% |
11 | Cathay Pacific | 4,412 | 1,051,652 | 1.54% |
12 | Air China | 6,298 | 882,438 | 1.29% |
Accolades
Incheon International airport has been the recipient of a number of awards since its opening, including:
- Best Airport Worldwide at the first Airport Service Quality Awards in 2007.[82]
- Won the GT Tested Award for Best Airport in the World in January 2007.[83]
- Named by Global Traveler (GT) as the Best Airport in the World for the second straight year in January 2008.[10]
- Named World's Best Airport for 2009, in the World Airport Survey results published by Skytrax. [citation needed]
- In 2012 it was ranked the best airport in the world by Skytrax.[84]
Year | Award | Category | Results | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
2009 | Airport Service Quality Awards by Airports Council International |
Best Airport Worldwide | Won | [85] |
Best Airport in Asia-Pacific | Won | |||
Best Airport by Size (25–40 million passengers) | Won | |||
2010 | Best Airport Worldwide | Won | [86] | |
2011 | Won | [87] |
Accidents and incidents
On 16 June 2011, Airbus A321-200 Flight 324 operated by Asiana Airlines HL7763 between Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport, China and Incheon International Airport was fired upon by two soldiers of the Republic of Korea Marine Corps as it came in to land at Incheon. A total of 99 rounds were discharged at the aircraft, which was out of range and made a safe landing without sustaining any damage. The soldiers had misidentified the aircraft as belonging to the North Korean military, and were acting on orders that gave them permission to engage without reference to senior officers, following the Bombardment of Yeonpyeong in November 2010.[88]
Ground transport
Public transport
Bus
Airport shuttle buses transport passengers between Terminal 1 and Terminal 2. Buses are free, arrive every 5 to 8 minutes, take approximately 20 minutes travel time, and stop at the Hyatt Hotel or airport fire station in route depending on which direction you are traveling.[89]
Airport buses are called limousine buses. Standard limousine buses travel to Gimpo Airport & Songjeong station.
Intercity buses connect with other towns and cities in Korea.
The Korea City Air Terminal in Gangnam is linked with the airport through limousine buses.[90]
Rail
The Airport Railroad Express (AREX and styled as A'REX) has a station located in the Transport Centre adjacent to the Terminal 1 building and is in the basement of Terminal 2. It provides service to Gimpo International Airport and Seoul. Many of the stations along the line provide connections to Incheon Subway, Seoul Metropolitan Subway, and Incheon Airport Maglev.
For departing passengers, Seoul Station City Airport Terminal has check-in and immigration facilities before arrival at the airport.
The Korea Train eXpress (KTX) operated at the same station as AREX but used a different platform. It operated 20 times per day from the airport; twelve times on the Gyeonbu Line, twice on the Gyeonjeon Line, four times on the Honam Line, and twice on the Jeolla Line. The service started in 2014 but was suspended in March 2018 due to low ridership.[91] The suspension became permanent in September 2018 as the line was officially closed.[92][93]
The Incheon Airport Maglev opened in February 2016. The first phase is 6.1 km long, spread over six stations, taking riders from the airport toward the south-west of the island where a water park is located. Phase 2 will be 9.7 km long, extending the line to the north-west of the island. Phase 3 will add 37.4 km, transforming the line into a circle.[94][95][96]
Ferry
A ferry service connects Yeongjong-do to the mainland. However, the dock is located a considerable distance from the airport. An alternative means of transport must be sought upon arriving at the island to be able to get to the airport.[97]
Car
The airport provides a short term parking lot for 4,000 cars and a long-term parking lot for 6,000 cars. Shuttle services connect the long-term parking lot to the passenger terminal and the cargo terminal. Car rental is located near the long-term parking lot. A link to the mainland is provided by the toll Yeongjong Bridge and an expressway; A second expressway on the Incheon Bridge also connects the island but to central Incheon.
See also
- Transport in South Korea
- List of Korea-related topics
- List of airports in South Korea
- Busiest airports in South Korea by passenger traffic
References
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- ^ 2018, UBM (UK) Ltd. "T'Way Air adds Seoul Incheon – Weihai service from April 2018".
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:|last=
has numeric name (help) - ^ Liu, Jim. "T'Way Air adds Seoul Incheon – Hong Kong in 3Q19". Routesonline. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
- ^ "Vietjet Air adds Phu Quoc – Seoul service from Dec 2018". routesonline. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
- ^ 2018, UBM (UK) Ltd. "Vietnam Airlines boosts Seoul service in S18". Routesonline.
{{cite web}}
:|last1=
has numeric name (help) - ^ "Sân bay Vân Đồn đón chuyến bay đầu tiên đến từ Hàn Quốc". Vietnam Financial Times. 7 June 2019.
- ^ Liu, Jim (23 April 2019). "Yakutia S19 Yakutsk – Seoul aircraft changes". Routesonline. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
- ^ https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/285324/zipair-tokyo-on-track-for-2020-launch/
- ^ "Polar Air Cargo 997". Retrieved 7 January 2018.
- ^ "Korean Air launches cargo flights to Delhi, India - Travel News - eTurboNews". 10 July 2018.
- ^ 2018, UBM (UK) Ltd. "Turkish Cargo adds 7 destinations in Jan 2018".
{{cite web}}
:|last=
has numeric name (help) - ^ "Top 20 cargo airports in 2017 | Cargo Facts". cargofacts.com. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ "The world's busiest airport revealed". CNN Travel. 9 April 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
- ^ "Airport Statistics". Retrieved 15 February 2017.
- ^ "항공통계". 항공통계. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
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(help) - ^ [2] Archived 16 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Premium Travelers Name Incheon International Top Airport Global Traveler Readers have Chosen the Airport as the Best in the World". PR Web Website. 21 January 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2006.
- ^ "Incheon International Airport is named the World's Best Airport in 2012 by airline travelers". Worldairportawards.com. Archived from the original on 3 August 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "ACI Airport Service Quality Awards 2009, Asia Pacific airports sweep top places in worldwide awards" Airports Council International. 16 February 2010. Retrieved 2012-04-13
- ^ "ASQ Award for winners for 2010". Airports Council International. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
- ^ "World's best airports announced -- Asia dominates". CNN Go. 15 February 2012. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
{{cite news}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Incident: Asiana A321 near Seoul on Jun 17th 2011, aircraft under fire". The Aviation Herald. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
- ^ "Hotels Near Incheon Airport & Best Transit Hotel". 22 May 2019.
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(help) - ^ "Incheon Airport Bus Station". Retrieved 22 March 2018.
- ^ Medimorec, Nikola (10 June 2018). "Incheon Airport KTX Service Suspended". Kojects. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
In 2014, KORAIL began to offer KTX high-speed train connections from Incheon International Airport to Seoul, Daegu, Busan and other cities in Korea. The Incheon Airport KTX service was suspended now at the end of March 2018. The main reason was that the demand was too low and ridership stayed far below necessary numbers.
- ^ 박, 재균 (7 August 2018). "9월부터 인천공항 KTX 노선 폐지". FNToday (in Korean). Retrieved 10 August 2018.
- ^ 민, 경석 (7 August 2018). "2014년 개통한 '인천공항 KTX' 폐지". News1 (in Korean). Retrieved 10 August 2018.
- ^ Medimorec, Nikola (28 January 2012). "Maglev at Incheon International Airport to be completed this year". Kojects. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
Two more stages of construction are planned for the line; stage two is a 9.7km extension that continues from Yongyoo Station, past the planned Marine World and up to Dragon City. Though this stage was originally scheduled to be completed in time for the Asian Games, setbacks in the development of neighboring projects are still causing delays. The final stage will be significantly longer, a 37.4km extension that continues around the outer rim of the island and loop back to the airport.
- ^ Han, Woojin. "영종자기부상열차 2단계". 미래철도DB (in Korean). Retrieved 9 July 2018.
- ^ Song, C. H.; Park, K.S.; Kim, C. K. (10–13 October 2011). Review on Incheon International Airport & Urban MagLev Interface. The 21st International Conference on Magnetically Levitated Systems and Linear Drives. Daejeon, Korea. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
Phase 2 expansion line is planned to link coastal area and cover 9.7km with 5 train stations up to the international business complex II of IIA and Phase 3 or the last phase expansion line is designed to be a ring-type alignment circumnavigating Yeongjong Island around IIA, covering 37.4km with 16 train stations.
- ^ "Transport in Yeongjongdo & Muuido - Lonely Planet Travel Information". lonelyplanet.com. Lonely Planet. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
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