Second Amendment sanctuary
Second Amendment sanctuary, also known as a gun sanctuary, refers to states, counties, or localities in the United States that have adopted laws or resolutions to prohibit or impede the enforcement of certain gun control measures perceived as violative of the Second Amendment such as universal gun background checks, high capacity magazine bans, assault weapon bans, red flag laws, etc.[1][2] Although other jurisdictions had previously adopted legislation now characterized as creating Second Amendment sanctuaries, the Carroll County, Maryland Board of Commissioners is thought to be the first body to explicitly use the term "sanctuary" in its resolution on May 22, 2013[3] and Effingham County, Illinois County Board is thought to have to have popularized the term on April 16, 2018.[4][5][1][6]
Examples of the resolutions include the Second Amendment Preservation Ordinance in Oregon[7] and the Second Amendment Protection Act in Kansas.[8] The term "sanctuary" draws its inspiration from the immigration sanctuary cities movement of jurisdictions that have resolved to not assist federal enforcement of immigration laws against illegal aliens.[5][9][10][11]
State laws
Although the Obama-era state laws listed below were approved prior to the adoption of the term "sanctuary" in reference to legislation resisting the enforcement of gun control laws they are now frequently characterized as part of the Second Amendment sanctuary movement.[4][5][1]
Alaska
On July 9, 2010, Governor Sean Parnell signed the Alaska Firearms Freedom Act (HB 186), declaring that certain firearms and accessories are exempt from federal regulation.[12] The text can be read here.[13] On September 10, 2013, Governor Parnell signed HB 69, which amended and expanded HB 186.[14][15] The text can be read here.[16]
Idaho
On March 19, 2014, Governor Butch Otter signed SB 1332 to protect Idaho law enforcement officers from being directed by the federal government to violate citizens' rights under Section 11, Article I of the Idaho Constitution.[17][18] The text can be read here.[19] Previously, HJM 3 was passed in 2009.[20] That text can be read here.[21]
Kansas
On April 16, 2013, Governor Sam Brownback signed the Second Amendment Protection Act.[8][22] The text can be read here.[23]
Wyoming
On March 11, 2010, Governor Dave Freudenthal signed the Wyoming Firearms Freedom Act. The text can be read here.[24]
Local laws
Arkansas
1 out of 75 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Arizona
5 out of 15 counties and 1 city have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[26]
California
1 out of 58 counties and 1 city have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Colorado
39 out of 64 counties, 3 cities, and 4 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]
- Alamosa
- Archuleta
- Baca
- Bent
- Cheyenne
- Commerce City
- Conejos
- Crowley
- Custer (plus Silver Cliff Town)
- Delta
- Dolores
- Douglas
- El Paso (plus Monument Town[46])
- Elbert
- Fremont (plus Cañon City)
- Garfield
- Huerfano
- Jackson
- Kiowa
- Kit Carson
- Las Animas
- Lincoln
- Logan
- Mesa
- Mineral
- Moffat (plus Craig City)
- Montezuma
- Montrose
- Morgan
- Otero
- Park
- Phillips (plus Haxtun Town[44])
- Prowers
- Rio Blanco
- Rio Grande
- Sedgwick
- Teller
- Washington
- Weld (plus Milliken Town)
- Yuma[44]
Florida
37 out of 67 counties, 2 cities, and 1 town have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions.[47]
In 2013, all 67 sheriffs in Florida had signed a letter saying that they will not enforce laws that violate the Constitution or infringe on the rights of the people to own firearms.[48]
- Bay[49]
- Bradford[50]
- Calhoun[51]
- Citrus[52]
- Clay[53]
- Collier[54] (plus Marco Island City[55])
- Columbia[56]
- DeSoto[57]
- Dixie[58]
- Escambia[59]
- Gilchrist[60]
- Gulf[61]
- Hendry[62]
- Hernando[63]
- Highlands[64]
- Holmes[65]
- Jackson[66]
- Jefferson[67]
- Lafayette[68]
- Lake[69]
- Lee[70]
- Levy[71] (plus Bronson Town[72])
- Madison[73]
- Marion[74]
- Nassau[75]
- Newberry City[76]
- Okaloosa[77]
- Okeechobee[78]
- Polk[79]
- Putnam[80]
- Santa Rosa[81]
- St. Johns[82]
- Sumter[83]
- Suwannee[84]
- Taylor[85][86]
- Union[76]
- Wakulla[87]
- Walton[77]
Georgia
23 out of 159 counties and 1 city have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
- Atkinson[88]
- Banks[89]
- Barrow[90]
- Bulloch[91]
- Coweta[92]
- Fannin[93]
- Floyd[94]
- Franklin[95]
- Gilmer[96]
- Habersham[97]
- Haralson[98]
- Hart[99] (plus Hartwell City[100])
- Jackson[101]
- McIntosh[102]
- Meriwether[88]
- Murray[103]
- Pike[104][105]
- Polk[106]
- Rabun[107]
- Spalding[108]
- Stephens[109]
- Walton[110]
- Whitfield[111]
Illinois
67 out of 102 counties, 2 cities, and 4 townships have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119]
- Adams
- Bond
- Boone
- Brown
- Bureau
- Calhoun
- Christian
- Clark
- Clay
- Clinton
- Coles
- Crawford
- Cumberland
- Douglas
- Edgar
- Edwards
- Effingham
- Farmer City
- Fayette
- Ford
- Franklin
- Gallatin
- Greene
- Hamilton
- Hancock
- Hardin
- Henderson
- Henry
- Iroquois
- Jasper
- Jefferson
- Jersey
- Johnson
- LaSalle
- Lawrence
- Livingston
- Logan
- Macon
- Macoupin
- Madison
- Marion
- Massac
- McDonough
- McHenry Township[120]
- Mercer
- Monroe
- Montgomery (plus Hillsboro City)
- Moultrie
- Morgan
- O'Fallon Township
- Ogle
- Perry
- Piatt
- Pike
- Plainfield Township
- Pope
- Pulaski
- Randolph
- Richland
- Saline
- Schuyler
- Shelby
- St. Clair Township
- Stark
- Tazewell
- Union
- Wabash
- Washington
- Wayne
- White
- Williamson
- Woodford
Indiana
8 out of 92 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Kansas
1 out of 105 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Kentucky
99 out of 120 counties and 6 cities have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[131]
- Adair[132]
- Allen[133]
- Anderson[134]
- Barren[135]
- Bath[136]
- Bell (plus Pineville City)[137]
- Boone[138]
- Boyd[139]
- Boyle[140][141]
- Bracken[142]
- Breathitt
- Breckinridge[143]
- Bullitt[144] (plus Mount Washington City[145] and Shepherdsville City[146])
- Butler[147]
- Caldwell[148]
- Calloway[149]
- Campbell[150]
- Carroll[151]
- Carter[152]
- Casey[153]
- Christian[154]
- Clark[155]
- Clay[156]
- Clinton[157]
- Cumberland
- Elliott[158]
- Estill
- Floyd[159]
- Fleming[160]
- Franklin[161]
- Gallatin[162]
- Garrard[163]
- Grant[164]
- Graves[165]
- Grayson[166]
- Greenup[167]
- Hancock
- Harlan[168]
- Harrison[169]
- Hart[170]
- Henderson[171]
- Henry[144]
- Hickman[172]
- Hopkins[173]
- Johnson[174]
- Kenton[175]
- Knott
- Knox[176]
- LaRue[177]
- Laurel[178]
- Lawrence[167]
- Lee[179]
- Leslie
- Letcher[180]
- Lewis
- Lincoln[181] (plus Crab Orchard City[182])
- Logan[183]
- Lyon[184]
- Madison[185]
- Magoffin[186]
- Marion[187]
- Marshall[188]
- Martin[189]
- Mason[190]
- McCreary[191]
- Meade[192]
- Menifee[193]
- Mercer[194] (plus Burgin City[194] and Harrodsburg City[194])
- Metcalfe[195]
- Monroe
- Montgomery[196]
- Morgan[197]
- Muhlenberg[198]
- Nelson[199]
- Ohio[200]
- Oldham[201]
- Owen[202]
- Pendleton
- Perry[203]
- Pike[204]
- Powell[205]
- Pulaski[206]
- Robertson[207]
- Rockcastle[208]
- Rowan[209]
- Russell[210]
- Scott[211]
- Simpson[212]
- Spencer[213]
- Taylor[214]
- Todd[215]
- Trigg[216]
- Trimble[217]
- Union[218]
- Warren[219]
- Wayne
- Webster[171]
- Whitley[220]
Maine
0 out of 16 counties and 1 town have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[221]
Maryland
4 out of 23 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Michigan
32 out of 83 counties, 1 city, and 4 townships have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions. On February 25, 2020, the Michigan House of Representatives voted to reaffirm the Second Amendment.[226]The text can be read here.[227]
- Alcona[228]
- Allegan[229]
- Antrim[230]
- Arenac[231]
- Bay[232]
- Berrien[233]
- Charlevoix[234]
- Cheboygan[235]
- Chippewa[236]
- Delta[237]
- Eaton[238]
- Emmet[239]
- Ionia[240]
- Iosco[241]
- Jackson[242]
- Kalkaska[243]
- Lake[244]
- Lapeer[245]
- Livingston[246]
- Mackinac[247]
- Marquette[248]
- Menominee
- Monroe[249]
- Montmorency[250] (plus Briley Township[251])
- Osceola[252]
- Oscoda[235] (plus Big Creek Township, Comins Township, and Greenwood Township)[253]
- Otsego[230]
- Presque Isle[254]
- Sanilac[255]
- Schoolcraft[256]
- St. Clair[255]
- Wexford[257] (plus Manton City[258])
Minnesota
6 out of 87 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Mississippi
8 out of 82 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary, safe haven, or other pro-Second Amendment resolutions:
Nebraska
3 out of 93 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Nevada
10 out of 16 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions.[274][275][276][277][278][279][280][281]
All 17 sheriffs in Nevada (16 county and 1 Carson City) and have signed a letter expressing their support for the Second Amendment.[282]
New Jersey
6 out of 21 counties, 25 townships, and 5 boroughs (30 of 565 total municipalities) have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
- Atlantic[283] (plus Egg Harbor Township[284])
- Cape May[285] (plus Dennis Township,[286] Lower Township,[287] Middle Township,[288] and Upper Township[289])
- Commercial Township[284]
- Deerfield Township[284]
- Downe Township[290]
- Franklin Township (Gloucester County)[291]
- Howell Township[292]
- Lawrence Township (Cumberland County)[284]
- Maurice River Township[290]
- Ocean[284] (plus Berkeley Township[284] and Little Egg Harbor Township[293])
- Salem[294] (plus Alloway Township,[290] Lower Alloways Creek Township,[284] Pennsville Township,[284] and Upper Pittsgrove Township[284])
- Stow Creek Township[284]
- Sussex[283] (plus Branchville Borough,[295] Franklin Borough,[290] Hamburg Borough,[290] Hopatcong Borough,[284] Montague Township,[295] Stillwater Township,[295] and Sussex Borough[296])
- Tabernacle Township[284]
- Warren[297] (plus Oxford Township,[284] Phillipsburg Town,[298] and Washington Township[284])
- West Milford Township[299][300]
New Mexico
26 out of 33 counties, 6 cities, and 1 town have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions;[301][302] Taos initially passed a resolution[303] but later repealed it.[304]
30 out of 33 county sheriffs have signed a letter by the New Mexico Sheriffs Association vowing to not assist in enforcing certain gun control.[305]
- Catron
- Chaves (plus Roswell City[306])
- Cibola[307]
- Colfax[308]
- Curry
- De Baca
- Eddy (plus Carlsbad City[309])
- Grant
- Harding
- Hidalgo
- Lea[310]
- Lincoln
- Luna
- McKinley[311]
- Mora[312]
- Otero (plus Alamogordo City[313])
- Quay
- Rio Arriba (plus Española City[314])
- Roosevelt
- San Juan (plus Bloomfield City, Farmington City, and Kirtland Town)[314]
- Sandoval
- Sierra
- Socorro
- Torrance
- Union
- Valencia
New York
The SAFE Act was passed in 2013. After passage, New York counties started passing resolutions opposing the SAFE Act. There are currently 52 out of 62 counties with such resolutions. The New York State Sheriffs Association sued to block the law.[315]
1 out of 62 counties and 2 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[316]
North Carolina
66 out of 100 counties, 1 city, and 2 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[318]
- Alamance[319]
- Alexander[320]
- Alleghany[321]
- Anson[322][323]
- Ashe[324]
- Avery[325]
- Beaufort[326][327]
- Bladen[328]
- Brunswick[329]
- Burke[330]
- Cabarrus[331]
- Caldwell[332]
- Camden[333]
- Carteret[334]
- Caswell[335]
- Catawba[336]
- Cherokee[337]
- Chowan[338]
- Clay[339]
- Cleveland[340]
- Columbus[341]
- Craven[342]
- Currituck[343]
- Dare[344]
- Davidson[345] (plus Midway Town [346])
- Davie[347]
- Forsyth[348][349][350]
- Franklin[351]
- Gaston[352]
- Gates[353]
- Graham[354]
- Granville[355]
- Harnett[356]
- Haywood[357][358]
- Henderson[359]
- Iredell[360]
- Johnston[361]
- Jones[362]
- Lee[363]
- Lenoir[364]
- Lincoln[365]
- Madison[366]
- Martin[367]
- McDowell[368]
- Mitchell[369][370]
- Montgomery[371]
- Moore[372]
- Onslow[373]
- Pamlico[374]
- Pasquotank[375]
- Person[376]
- Pitt[377]
- Randolph[378]
- Richmond[379]
- Robeson[380]
- Rockingham[381]
- Rowan[382] (plus China Grove City[383])
- Rutherford[384]
- Stanly[385]
- Stokes[386] (plus King Town[387])
- Surry[388]
- Union[389]
- Wayne[390]
- Wilkes[391]
- Yadkin[392]
- Yancey[393]
Ohio
19 out of 88 counties and 3 township have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
- Adams[394]
- Clermont[395]
- Clinton[396]
- Gallia[397]
- Highland[398]
- Hocking[399]
- Huron[400]
- Jackson[401]
- Jackson Township (Perry County)[402]
- Knox[403]
- Lawrence[404]
- Marion[405]
- Meigs[406]
- Morgan[394] (plus Deerfield Township[407])
- Morrow[408]
- Pickaway[409]
- Pike[410]
- Preble[411]
- Scioto[412]
- Vinton[413]
- Wheeling Township (Belmont County)[407]
Oklahoma
24 out of 77 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[414]
Oregon
16 out of 36 counties and 1 city have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[428][429][430][431]
Pennsylvania
3 out of 67 counties and 2 townships have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
- Bradford[434]
- Buffalo Township (Union County)[435]
- Cambria[436]
- Huntingdon[437]
- West Manheim Township[438]
Rhode Island
0 out of 8 cities and 10 out of 31 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions;[439][440] while Rhode Island has 5 counties, there is no local government at that level.[441]
South Carolina
3 out of 46 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Tennessee
34 out of 95 counties and 1 town have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[445][446][447][448][449][450][451][452][453]
- Blount
- Bradley[454]
- Carter
- Claiborne
- Cocke
- Cumberland[455]
- Dyer[456]
- Fayette[457]
- Greene
- Grundy[458]
- Hamblen[459]
- Hawkins[460]
- Henderson[461]
- Jefferson (plus Dandridge Town)
- Johnson[462]
- Lewis[463]
- Loudon
- Madison[464]
- Maury[465]
- Monroe
- McMinn[466]
- McNairy[467]
- Polk
- Roane
- Rutherford[468]
- Sequatchie[458]
- Sevier
- Sullivan
- Sumner[469]
- Unicoi[470]
- Warren[471]
- Washington[460]
- Wayne[472]
- Wilson[473]
Texas
77 out of 254 counties, 1 city, and 2 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[474][475][476][477][478][479][480][481][482]
- Anderson[483]
- Angelina[484]
- Atascosa[485]
- Bandera[486]
- Bowie[487]
- Brown[488]
- Calhoun[489]
- Callahan[490]
- Cass[491]
- Cherokee[492] (plus Wells Town[493])
- Chester Town
- Clay[494]
- Coke[495]
- Coleman[496]
- Collin[497][498]
- Colorado[499]
- Cooke[424]
- Coryell[500]
- Dallam[501]
- Dawson[502]
- Denton[503]
- Eastland[504]
- Edwards[505]
- Ellis[506]
- Erath[507]
- Fannin[508]
- Freestone[509]
- Gonzales[510]
- Grimes[511]
- Hood[512]
- Hopkins[513]
- Houston[514]
- Howard[515] (plus Big Spring City)
- Hudspeth[516]
- Hunt[517]
- Hutchinson[518]
- Jack[519]
- Jackson[520]
- Johnson[521]
- Kaufman[522]
- Kinney[500]
- Knox[500]
- Lamar[523]
- Lavaca[500]
- Leon[524]
- Madison[525]
- Marion[526]
- McCulloch[527]
- Milam[528]
- Mitchell
- Montgomery[529]
- Navarro[530]
- Nolan[531]
- Palo Pinto[532]
- Panola[533]
- Parker[534]
- Pecos[495]
- Presidio[535]
- Rains[536]
- Real[495]
- Red River[537]
- Rockwall[500]
- Shackelford
- Shelby[538]
- Smith[539]
- Stephens[540]
- Sterling[541]
- Throckmorton[504]
- Titus[542]
- Upshur[543]
- Van Zandt[544][545]
- Victoria[546]
- Walker[547]
- Waller[548]
- Washington[549]
- Wise[500]
- Wood[550]
- Young[551]
Utah
2 out of 29 counties have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Vermont
0 out of 14 counties and 13 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Virginia
91 out of 95 counties, 16 out of 38 independent cities, and 40 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:[559][560][561][562][563][564][565][566]
- Accomack[567] (plus Chincoteague Town[568] and Parksley Town[569])
- Alleghany[570] (plus Clifton Forge Town[566])
- Amelia[571]
- Amherst[570]
- Appomattox[572]
- Augusta[573]
- Bath[574]
- Bedford[575] (plus Bedford Town[576])
- Bland[577]
- Botetourt[578]
- Bristol City[579]
- Brunswick[580]
- Buchanan[581][582]
- Buckingham[583]
- Buena Vista City[584]
- Campbell[585] (plus Altavista Town[586])
- Caroline[587] (plus Bowling Green Town[588])
- Carroll[589]
- Charlotte[590]
- Charles City County[591]
- Chesapeake City[592]
- Chesterfield[593]
- Clarke[594][595] (plus Berryville Town[596])
- Colonial Heights City[597]
- Covington City[598]
- Craig[599]
- Culpeper[600] (plus Culpeper Town[601])
- Cumberland[602]
- Dickenson[603]
- Dinwiddie[604]
- Essex[605] (plus Tappahannock Town[566])
- Fauquier[606]
- Floyd[607]
- Fluvanna[608]
- Franklin City[609]
- Franklin County[610] (plus Rocky Mount Town[611])
- Frederick[612]
- Galax City[613]
- Giles[614]
- Gloucester[615]
- Goochland[616]
- Grayson[617]
- Greene[618]
- Greensville[619]
- Halifax[570]
- Hanover[620]
- Henrico[621]
- Henry[622]
- Highland[623]
- Hopewell City[624]
- Isle of Wight[625]
- James City County[626]
- King and Queen[627]
- King George[628]
- King William[629]
- Lancaster[630] (plus White Stone Town[631])
- Lee[632]
- Louisa[633] (plus Mineral Town[634])
- Lovettsville Town[635]
- Lunenburg[636]
- Madison[637]
- Martinsville City[638]
- Mathews[639]
- Mecklenburg[640] (plus Chase City Town[641])
- Middlesex[642]
- Montgomery[643]
- Nelson[644]
- New Kent[645]
- Northampton[646] (plus Exmore Town[647])
- Northumberland[648]
- Norton City[649]
- Nottoway[650] (plus Blackstone Town,[651] Burkeville Town,[566] and Crewe Town[563])
- Orange[652]
- Page[653] (plus Stanley Town[654])
- Patrick[655]
- Pittsylvania[656]
- Poquoson City[576]
- Portsmouth City[657]
- Powhatan[563]
- Prince Edward[658]
- Prince George[659]
- Prince William[660]
- Pulaski[661] (plus Pulaski Town[563])
- Rappahannock[564]
- Richmond County[662] (plus Warsaw Town[663])
- Roanoke County[664] (plus Vinton Town[665])
- Rockbridge[666] (plus Goshen Town[667])
- Rockingham[668] (plus Elkton Town[566] and Grottoes Town[669])
- Russell[670]
- Salem City[566]
- Scott[671]
- Scottsville Town[566]
- Shenandoah[672] (plus Mount Jackson,[673] New Market Town,[562] Strasburg Town,[674] and Woodstock Town[675])
- Smyth[676] (plus Chilhowie Town[562] and Saltville Town[562])
- Southampton[563]
- Spotsylvania[677]
- Stafford[678]
- Suffolk City[679][680]
- Surry[681] (plus Claremont Town[566])
- Sussex[563]
- Tazewell[682] (plus Bluefield Town[683] and Cedar Bluff Town[563])
- Virginia Beach City[684]
- Warren[685] (plus Front Royal Town[566])
- Washington[686]
- Waynesboro City[687]
- Westmoreland[688]
- Wise[689] (plus Appalachia Town,[690] Big Stone Gap Town,[691] and Wise Town[692])
- Wythe[693] (plus Rural Retreat Town[563])
- York[694]
On December 19, 2019, at the request of Del. Jerrauld C. Jones (D-Norfolk), state Attorney General Mark Herring issued an advisory opinion indicating the sanctuary resolutions were null and void.[695][696] A press release quoted him as saying: “When the General Assembly passes new gun safety laws they will be enforced, and they will be followed. These resolutions have no legal force, and they're just part of an effort by the gun lobby to stoke fear”.[695][696] Del. Todd Gilbert (R-Shenandoah) claimed that Herring's recent opinion contradicted his 2014 stance "regarding the supremacy of state law over the preferences of the officials who must enforce them".[696] Gilbert was referring to Herring's refusal to defend Virginia's Marshall-Newman Amendment, a voter-approved constitutional provision that prohibited same-sex marriages.[696][697]
West Virginia
23 out of 55 counties, 3 cities, and 2 towns have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
- Boone[698]
- Cabell[699]
- Calhoun[700]
- Doddridge[701]
- Fayette[702]
- Harrison[703]
- Lewis[704]
- Logan[705] (plus Logan City[706])
- McDowell[707]
- Mercer[708]
- Mineral[709] (plus Keyser City[710])
- Mingo[711] (plus Kermit Town[711])
- Monroe[712]
- Nicholas[713]
- Preston[714]
- Putnam[715]
- Randolph[716]
- St. Albans City[717]
- Tyler[718]
- Upshur[719]
- Wayne[720] (plus Fort Gay Town[721])
- Wirt[722]
- Wood[723]
- Wyoming[724] (plus Oceana Town[725])
Wisconsin
5 out of 72 counties and 1 city have adopted Second Amendment sanctuary (or other pro-Second Amendment) resolutions:
Local law enforcement resistance
Washington
24 county sheriffs out of 39 counties and the police chief of 1 city have vowed to not enforce parts or all of the 2018 gun control ballot measure I-1639 while it is being challenged in court:[732][733][734][735]
References
- ^ a b c Shepardson, Noah (November 19, 2019). "America's Second Amendment Sanctuary Movement Is Alive and Well". Reason. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ^ PENZENSTADLER, NICK (May 20, 2019). "NRA helps sheriffs fight gun laws in Second Amendment 'sanctuaries'". USA TODAY. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
- ^ a b "Commissioners Declare Carroll County a 'Second Amendment Sanctuary'". Westminster, MD Patch. May 24, 2013. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
- ^ a b Rosenberg-Douglas, Katherine (April 17, 2019). "Second Amendment 'sanctuary county' movement expands as organizers take aim at new gun laws". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
- ^ a b c Brooks, Christopher (August 25, 2019). "Historically speaking: What's behind movement of Second Amendment sanctuaries?". The Morning Call. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
The first instance of a Second Amendment sanctuary is Effingham County, Illinois ...
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
:|last=
has generic name (help) - ^ Boothe, Charles. "Buchanan County passes Second Amendment sanctuary resolution". Bluefield Daily Telegraph. Retrieved December 20, 2019.
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|authors=
ignored (help) - ^ "Richmond County: Second Amendment Sanctuary". Northern Neck News. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
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{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Vinton becomes latest addition to Second Amendment sanctuaries". WSLS. December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 18, 2019.
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{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|authors=
ignored (help) - ^ "Council passes Constitutional City resolution - The Suffolk News-Herald". The Suffolk News-Herald. December 18, 2019. Retrieved December 19, 2019.
- ^ Sidersky, Robyn. "Suffolk City Council passes Second Amendment resolution". pilotonline.com. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
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{{cite web}}
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