List of assassinated people

This is an list of persons who were assassinated; that is, important people who were murdered, usually for ideological or political reasons. This list does not include executed persons.

Assassinations in Africa

Algeria

Hiempsal, (117 BC), co-ruler of Numidia
François Darlan, (1942), senior figure of Vichy France
Maurice Audin, (1957), communist mathematician
Mohamed Khemisti, (1963), Algerian foreign minister
Mustafa Bouyali, (1987), Islamic fundamentalist
Mohamed Boudiaf, (1992), President of Algeria
Youcef Sebti, (1993), poet
Kasdi Merbah, (1993), former Prime Minister of Algeria
Abdelkader Alloula, (1994), playwright
Cheb Hasni, (1994), singer
Lounès Matoub, (1998), singer
Abdelkader Hachani, (1999), Islamic fundamentalist

Angola

Jonas Savimbi, 2002, Angolan political and rebel leader

Burkina Faso

Thomas Sankara, (1987), Head of State of Burkina Faso
Clément Oumarou Ouédraogo, (1991), opposition leader
Norbert Zongo, (1998), journalist

Burundi

Louis Rwagasore, (1961), Prime Minister of Burundi
Jean Nduwabike, (1962), trade union leader
Gabriel Gihimbare, (1964), first Roman Catholic bishop of Hutu descent
Pierre Ngendandumwe, (1965), Prime Minister of Burundi
Joseph Bamina, (1965), Prime Minister of Burundi
Paul Mirerekano, (1965), leading Burundian politician
Gervais Nyangoma, (1965), politician
Martin Ndayahoze, (1972), leading army commander and information minister
Ntare V, (1975), dethroned King of Burundi (disputed circumstances)
Melchior Ndadaye, (1993), President of Burundi, Founder of The Burundi Workers' Party
Gilles Bimazubute, (1993),
Kassi Manlan, (2001), World Health Organisation representative

Cameroon

Ruben Um Nyobé, (1958), leader of the Union of the Peoples of Cameroon (UPC)

Chad

François Tombalbaye, (1975), President of Chad

Comoros

Ali Soilih, (1978), former President of Comoros
Ahmed Abdallah, (1989), President of Comoros

Congo (Brazzaville)

Marien Ngouabi, (1977), President of the Congo
Émile Biayenda, (1977), Archbishop of Brazzaville
Pierre Anga, (1988), rebel leader

Congo (Kinshasa)

Kabongo Boniface Kalowa, (1960),
Patrice Lumumba, (1961), former Prime Minister of the Congo
Maurice Mpolo, (1961), Lumumba associate
Joseph Okito, (1961), Lumumba associate
Ferdinand Kabange Numbi, (1964),
André Lubaya, (1968),
Laurent Kabila, (2001), President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

Côte d'Ivoire

Robert Guéi, (2002), former President of Côte d'Ivoire
Émile Boga Doudou, (2002), Interior minister
Muhammad Ahmad alRashid, (2003), Saudi ambassador

Egypt

Pompey the Great, (48 BC), Roman politician killed in Egypt
Germanicus, (19), Roman military leader
Al-Afdal Shahanshah, (1121), vizier of Fatimid Egypt
Al-Amir, (1130), Fatimid Caliph
Qutuz, (1260), Mamluk sultan of Egypt
Khalil, (1293), Mamluk sultan of Egypt
Jean Baptiste Kléber, (1800), French general
Boutros Ghali, (1910), Prime Minister of Egypt
Sir Lee Stack, (1924), Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Walter Edward Guinness, Lord Moyne, (1944), the UK's Minister Resident in the Middle East
Ahmed Maher Pasha, (1945), Prime Minister of Egypt
Mahmud Fahmi Nokrashi, (1948), Prime Minister of Egypt
Hassan al-Banna, (1949), founder of the Muslim Brotherhood
Anwar Sadat, (1981), President of Egypt
Rifaat al-Mahgoub, (1990), speaker of Egyptian parliament
Farag Foda, (1992), Egyptian politician and intellectual

Guinea

Amílcar Cabral, (1973), Pan-African intellectual, in Conakry, Guinea

Kenya

Pio Gama Pinto, (1965), socialist politician
Tom Mboya, (1969), Kenyan politician
Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, (1975), Kenyan politician
Robert Ouko, (1990), foreign minister of Kenya
Karimi Nduthu, (1996), opposition activist
Mugabe Were, (2008), member of the National Assembly for the Orange Democratic Movement
David Too, (2008), member of the National Assembly for the Orange Democratic Movement

Lesotho

Selometsi Baholo, Deputy Prime Minister
Mont'si Vincent Makhele
Motuba
Seheri
Selala Sekhonyana
Desmond T'sepo Sixishe

Liberia

William R. Tolbert, Jr., (1980), president of Liberia killed in military coup
Samuel Doe, (1990), president of Liberia

Madagascar

Radama II of Madagascar, (1863), king of Madagascar
Richard Ratsimandrava, (1975), president of Madagascar killed 6 days after taking power in military coup

Mozambique

Eduardo Mondlane, (1969), leader of the independence FRELIMO movement, allegedly killed by the Portuguese branch of Gladio
Carlos Cardoso, (2000), Mozambican journalist

Namibia

Clemens Kapuuo (1978), Herero chief and politician
Anton Lubowski (1989), leading white SWAPO activist

Niger

Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, (1999), President of Niger

Nigeria

Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, (1966), Prime Minister of Nigeria killed during military coup
Alhaji Sir Ahmadu Bello, (1966)
Adekunle Fajuyi, (1966)
Samuel Akintola, (1966)
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, (1966), military head of state
Murtala Ramat Mohammed, (1976), President of Nigeria
Dele Giwa, (1986), journalist
Bola Ige, (2001), justice minister of Nigeria

Rwanda

Dian Fossey, (1985), primatologist, in the province of Ruhengeri; assassination probably planned by Protais Zigiranyirazo
Agathe Uwilingiyimana, (1994), Prime Minister of Rwanda killed one day after genocide began
Juvénal Habyarimana, (1994), His plane was shot out of the sky as it approached Kigali airport, and signalled the start of the Rwandan Genocide

Somalia

Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, (1969), president of Somalia
George Adamson, (1989), British naturalist, at Kora

South Africa

Shaka, (1828), king of the Zulus, near Stanger (now KwaDukuza) by Dingane and Mhlangana
Mhlangana, (1828), Zulu prince murdered by Dingane. Shaka, Mhlangana, Dingane, Mpande and others were half-brothers, sons of a Zulu chief Senzangakhona with different his different wives.
Hendrik Verwoerd, (1966), Prime Minister of South Africa, stabbed in parliament by Dimitri Tsafendas
Onkgopotse Tiro, (1974), South African student leader
Steve Biko, 1977, anti-apartheid activist
Ruth First, (1982), anti-apartheid scholar and wife of Communist party leader Joe Slovo, by pro-apartheid "Koevoet" leader Craig Williamson
Vernon Nkadimeng, (1985), South African dissident
Dulcie September, (1988), head of the African National Congress in Paris, by South African Defense Force sergeant Joseph Klue
Chris Hani, (1993), leader of the South African Communist Party shot by Janusz Walus
Johan Heyns, (1995), prominent leader in the Dutch Reformed Church

Sudan

Cleo Noel Jr and George Curtis Moore, (1973), US Chief of Mission/Deputy Chief ot Mission (see 1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations)
Guy Eid, (1973), Belgian Chargé d'affaires (see 1973 Khartoum diplomatic assassinations)
John Granville, (2008), diplomat for the United States Agency for International Development

Tanzania

Abeid Amani Karume, (1972), first President of Zanzibar, First Vice President of Tanzania
David Sibeko, (1979), South African political activist

Togo

Sylvanus Olympio, (1963), first president of independent Togo, in a coup led by dictator Gnassingbé Eyadéma
Tavio Amorin, (1992), socialist leader (shot in Lomé, died in Paris)

Tunisia

Khalil Wazir ("Abu Jihad"), (1988), military leader of the PLO, in Tunis
Salah Khalaf ("Abu Iyad"), (1991), deputy leader of the PLO killed by Abu Nidal terrorists in Tunis, Tunisia

Uganda

Benedicto Kiwanuka, (1972), Chief Justice of Uganda
Janani Luwum, (1977), Archbishop of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Boga-Zaire from 1974 until 1977

Zambia

Herbert Chitepo, (1975), Zimbabwean nationalist leader

Zimbabwe

Mlimo, (1896), Ndebele spiritual leader and instigator of the Second Matabele War; assassinated by Frederick Russell Burnham, an American scout.
Attati Mpakati, (1983), left-wing Malawian politician

Assassinations in the Americas

Antigua and Barbuda

Daniel Parke, (1710), British governor of the Leeward Islands

Argentina

Justo José de Urquiza, (1870), former president of Argentina
Pedro Aramburu, (1970), former president of Argentina executed by the Montoneros
Carlos Prats, (1974), Chilean general
Zelmar Michelini, (1976), Uruguayan senator
Héctor Gutiérrez Ruiz, (1976), speaker of the Uruguayan House of Representatives

Bermuda

Sir Richard Sharples, (1973), governor of Bermuda

Bolivia

Manuel Isidoro Belzu, (1865), President of Bolivia
Mariano Melgarejo, (1871), President of Bolivia
Che Guevara, (1967), Argentinean revolutionary leader
Juan José Torres, (1976), former President of Bolivia

Brazil

João Pessoa Cavalcânti de Albuquerque, (1930)
Adib Shishakli, (1964), Syrian military dictator
Chico Mendes, (1988), Brazilian environmental activist
Daniela Perez, (1992), Brazilian actress
Dorothy Stang, (2005), American nun killed by business interests
Pinheiro Machado, (1915), Brazilian politician
Leon Eliachar, (1987), Egyptian writer
Zuzu Angel, (1976), Brazilian activist
Vladimir Herzog, (1975), Journalist
Paulo César Farias, (1996), Collor de Mello's campaign treasurer

Canada

Thomas D'Arcy McGee, (1868), Canadian father of Confederation
George Brown, (1880), newspaper editor and Senator
Sergio Pérez Castillo, (1968), Cuban diplomat killed by anti-Castro forces in Montreal
Pierre Laporte, (1970), Quebec Minister of Labour, was kidnapped and murdered by the FLQ
Atilla Altıkat, (1982), Turkish diplomat assassinated by Armenian nationalists in Ottawa
Tara Singh Hayer, (1998), journalist killed by Sikh separatists

Chile

René Schneider, (1970), Chilean general
Victor Jara, (1973), singer
Jaime Guzmán, (1991), Chilean Senator
Edmundo Pérez Zujovic, (1971), Chilean ex Secretary of interior affairs

Colombia

Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, (1948), Liberal Party leader
Rodrigo Lara Bonilla, (1984), Minister of Justice
Tulio Manuel Castro Gil, (1985), Superior Judge of the Bogota Circuit
Alfonso Reyes Echandía, (1985), President of the Supreme Court
Manuel Gaona Cruz, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Carlos Medellín Forero, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Ricardo Medina Moyano, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
José Eduardo Gnecco Correa, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Alfonso Patiño Roselli, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Pedro Elías Serrano, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Fabio Calderón Botero, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Darío Velásquez Gaviria, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Horacio Montoya Gil, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Fanny González Franco, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Dante Luis Fiorillo Porras, (1985), Supreme Court Justice
Hernando Baquero Borda, (1986), Supreme Court Justice
Jaime Ramírez Gómez, (1986), Head of Antinarcotics Police
Jaime Pardo Leal, (1987), Presidential candidate, leader of the Patriotic Union party
Guillermo Cano Isaza, (1986), Director of El Espectador newspaper
Carlos Mauro Hoyos, (1988), Chief District Attorney
José Antequera, (1989), Senator, member of the Patriotic Union party
Antonio Roldán Betancur, (1989), Governor of Antioquia
Valdemar Franklin Quintero, (1989), Chief of Police of Antioquia
Luis Carlos Galán, (1989), Presidential candidate, leader of the Colombian Liberal Party
Carlos Ernesto Valencia, (1989), Superior Judge of the Bogota Circuit
Jorge Enrique Pulido, (1989), notable Journalist and director of the JEP media network
Bernardo Jaramillo Ossa, (1990), Presidential candidate, leader of the Patriotic Union party
Carlos Pizarro Leongómez, (1990), Presidential candidate, leader of the M-19 party
Diana Turbay (1991), journalist and daughter of former Colombian president Julio César Turbay Ayala
Enrique Low Murtra, Minister of Justice
Myriam Rocío Vélez, Superior Judge of the Bogota Circuit
Andrés Escobar, (1994), International footballer
Manuel Cepeda Vargas, (1994), Senator, leader of the Patriotic Union party
Alvaro Gómez Hurtado, (1995), former presidential candidate and director of El Nuevo Siglo newspaper
Rodrigo Turbay Cote, (1996), Congressman, former president of the House of Representatives
Fernando Landazábal Reyes, (1998), Minister of Defense
Eduardo Umaña Mendoza, (1998), union leader and human rights activist, former advisor to the Patriotic Union party
Jaime Garzón, (1999), Notable journalist and satirist
Crispiniano Quiñones (2000), retired Army general, former commander of the 13th Army Brigade
Isaias Duarte Cancino, 2002, Roman Catholic archbishop
Guillermo Gaviria Correa, (2003), Governor of Antioquia
Gilberto Echeverry Mejía, (2003), former Minister of Defense and peace advisor to the governor of Antioquia

Cuba

Antonio Guiteras, (1935), Revolutionary Socialist Leader

Dominican Republic

Ulises Heureaux, (1899), president of the Dominican Republic
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, (1961), Dominican Republic dictator
Orlando Mazara, (1967)
Flavio Suero, (1968)
Henry Segarra, (1969)
Amín Abel Hasbún, (1970)
Otto Morales, (1970)
Amaury Germán Aristy, (1972)
Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó, (1973)
Gregorio García Castro, (1973)
Florinda Soriano, (1974)
Guido Gil Díaz, (1974)
Orlando Martínez Howley, (1975)
Narciso González, (1994)

Ecuador

Gabriel García Moreno, (1875), president of Ecuador known for his support of the Catholic church
Jaime Hurtado and Pablo Tapia, (1999), communist legislators, in Quito

El Salvador

Manuel Enrique Araujo, (1913), President of El Salvador
Farabundo Martí, (1932), communist leader and peasant revolt organizer.
Roque Dalton, (1975), poet and revolutionary.
Rutilio Grande García, S.J., (1977), Roman Catholic priest
Mauricio Borgonovo Pohl, (1977), Foreign Minister, taken hostage and killed by guerrillas.
Alfonso Navarro Oviedo, (1977), Roman Catholic priest
Osmín Aguirre, (1977), former President of El Salvador
Ernesto Barrera, (1978), Roman Catholic priest
Octavio Ortiz Luna, (1979), Roman Catholic priest
Rafael Palacios, (1979), Roman Catholic priest
Alirio Napoleón Macías, (1979), Roman Catholic priest
Óscar Arnulfo Romero, (1980), Archbishop of San Salvador, by right-wing death squad
Enrique Álvarez Córdova, (1980) and five other leaders of the opposition Democratic Revolutionary Front ("FDR," for its Spanish initials), captured and killed by government aligned security forces.
Ita Ford, Maura Clarke, Dorothy Kazel, and Jean Donovan, (1980), Roman Catholic nuns, by the National Guard of El Salvador
Albert Schaufelberger, (1983), senior U.S. Naval representative
Ignacio Ellacuría, (1989), Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, by Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army
Ignacio Martin-Baro, (1989), Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, by Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army
Segundo Montes, (1989), Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, by Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army
Arnando Lopez, (1989), Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, by Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army
Joaquin Lopez y Lopez, (1989), Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, by Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army
Juan Ramon Moreno, (1989), Roman Catholic Jesuit priest, by Atlacatl Battalion of the Salvadoran Army
María Cristina Gómez, 1989, teacher and community leader

Guatemala

Cirilo Flores, (1826), Vice President of Guatemala
José María Reina Barrios, (1898), President of Guatemala
Francisco Arana, (1949), presidential candidate
Carlos Castillo Armas, (1957), president of Guatemala
Karl von Spreti, (1970), German ambassador in Guatemala
Alberto Fuentes Mohr, (1979), Social Democratic Party leader
Manuel Colom Argueta, (1979), Mayor of Guatemala City
Jorge Carpio Nicolle, (1993), Liberal politician and journalist
Juan José Gerardi, (1998), Roman Catholic bishop
Mario Pivaral, (2006), UNE congressman
Clara Luz López, (2007), local council candidate

Guyana

Michael Forde, (1964), PPP activist killed when a bomb he was removing from the party's bookstore exploded
Leo J. Ryan, (1978), US Congressman (D) from San Mateo, California; killed while investigating religious cult led by American Jim Jones
Walter Rodney, (1980), Guyanese historian and political figure
Satyadeow Sawh, (2006), Agriculture Minister was murdered along with his brother and sister, a security guard by masked gunmen dressed in military fatigues

Haiti

Jean-Jacques Dessalines, (1806), Emperor of Haiti
Antoine Izméry, (1993), businessman and Lavalas supporter
Guy Mallory, (1993), minister of justice
Jean-Marie Vincent, (1994), Roman Catholic priest and Lavalas supporter
Jean Dominique, (2000), journalist
Jacques Roche, (2005), journalist

Honduras

Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, (1966), president of El Salvador from 1931 to 1944

Mexico

Motecuhzoma II Xocoyotl, (1520), Mexica Emperor
Francisco I. Madero, (1913), President of Mexico
Emiliano Zapata, (1919), revolutionary
Venustiano Carranza, (1920), President of Mexico
Doroteo Arango a.k.a. Pancho Villa, (1923), revolutionary
Felipe Carrillo Puerto, (1924), Governor of Yucatán
Álvaro Obregón, (1928), President-elect
Julio Antonio Mella, (1929), Cuban revolutionary
Leon Trotsky, (1940), Russian communist leader
Mauro Angulo, (1948)
Rubén Jaramillo, (1962), peasant leader
Enrique Camarena, (1985), policeman
Carlos Loret de Mola Mediz, (1986), Journalist and State governor
Juan Jesús Posadas Ocampo, (1993), Roman Catholic Cardinal of Guadalajara, at the Guadalajara Airport
Luis Donaldo Colosio, (1994), Presidential candidate
Francisco Ortiz Franco, (1994}, contributing editor to Zeta.
José Francisco Ruiz Massieu, (1994), Secretary-General of the Partido Revolucionario Institucional
Paco Stanley, (1999), Comedian
Digna Ochoa, (2001), human rights lawyer
Mario César Ríos, (2007), congressional deputy

Nicaragua

Benjamín Zeledón, (1912), Liberal revolutionary
Augusto César Sandino, (1934), Nicaraguan revolutionary
Anastasio Somoza García, (1956), President of Nicaragua
Rigoberto López Pérez, (1956), Assassin of Somoza García
Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, (1978), newspaper editor, Nicaraguan Somoza opposition
Enrique Bermúdez, (1991)
Carlos Guadamuz, (2004), Journalist

Panama

José Antonio Remón Cantera, (1955), president of Panama
Ruben Oscar Miró Guardia, assassinated on 12/31/1969.

Paraguay

Juan Bautista Gill, (1877), President of Paraguay
Anastasio Somoza Debayle, (1980), former President of Nicaragua
Luis María Argaña, (1999), vice president of Paraguay

Peru

Francisco Pizarro, (1541), Spanish conquistador, in Peru
Luis M. Sánchez Cerro, (1933), president of Peru
Antonio Miró Quesada, (1935), publisher of El Comercio

Suriname

Bram Behr, (1982), Surinamese journalist, in the Decembermoorden

United States

Joseph Smith, Jr., (1844), Mayor of Nauvoo, Illinois and presidential candidate and LDS church leader.
Charles Bent, (1847), Governor of the New Mexico Territory
James Strang, (1856), Michigan State Representative
Abraham Lincoln, (1865), President of the United States
John P. Slough, (1867), Chief Justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court
Thomas Hindman, (1868), Confederate General
James Hinds, (1868), U.S. Congressman killed by members of the Ku Klux Klan
Edward Dexter Holbrook, (1870), Congressional Delegate from the Idaho Territory
James Garfield, (1881), President of the United States
Jesse James, (1882), notorious outlaw
John M. Clayton (Arkansas), (1889), Congressman from Arkansas
David Hennessey, (1890), Police Chief of New Orleans
Carter Harrison, Sr., (1893), Mayor of Chicago
William Goebel, (1900), Governor of Kentucky
William McKinley, (1901), President of the United States
Frank Steunenberg, (1905), former governor of Idaho
Don Mellett, (1926), newspaper editor and campaigner against organized crime
Anton Cermak, (1933), mayor of Chicago
Huey P. Long, (1935), Louisiana senator and former governor
Walter Liggett, (1935), Minnesota newspaper editor
Carlo Tresca, (1943), anarchist organizer
Albert Patterson, (1954), Alabama Attorney General
Curtis Chillingworth, (1955), a Florida judge
John F. Kennedy, (1963), President of the United States
Lee Harvey Oswald, (1963), alleged assassin of John F. Kennedy
Medgar Evers, (1963), U.S. civil rights activist
Malcolm X, (1965), black Muslim leader, killed in a Manhattan banquet room as he began a speech
George Lincoln Rockwell, (1967), founder of the American Nazi Party
Martin Luther King, Jr., (1968), U.S. civil rights activist
Robert F. Kennedy, (1968), Presidential candidate and John F. Kennedy's younger brother, shot in Los Angeles
Fred Hampton, (1969), Deputy Chairman of the Illinois chapter of the Black Panther Party
Dan Mitrione, (1970), FBI agent and torture expert, killed by the guerrilla movement Tupamaros
Marcus Foster, (1973), School District Superintendent in Oakland CA, killed by members of the Symbionese Liberation Army
Don Bolles, (1976), Investigative reporter for Arizona Republic, killed in car bomb, Max Dunlap and James Robison convicted, alleged Mafia ties
Orlando Letelier, (1976), Chilean ambassador to the United States under the administration of Salvador Allende
Harvey Milk, (1978), gay rights campaigner and city supervisor of San Francisco, California
George Moscone, (1978), Mayor of San Francisco
Leo Ryan, (1978), Congressman from California, killed as part of the Jonestown Massacre
John Wood, (1979), first US federal judge killed in the twentieth century
Russell G. Lloyd, Sr., (1980), Mayor of Evansville, Indiana
Allard K. Lowenstein, (1980), Congressman from New York

Alan Berg, (1984), radio talk-show host, killed by Neo-nazis
Chiang Nan, (1984), Taiwanese-American writer, allegedly killed by Kuomintang agents
Alex Odeh, (1985), Arab anti-discrimination group leader, killed when bomb exploded in his Santa Ana, California office
Alejandro González Malavé, (1986), famous undercover policeman, in Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Selena Quintanilla-Pérez, (1995), singer killed by former employee, Yolanda Saldívar
Tommy Burks, (1998), Tennessee State Senator
James E. Davis, (2003) New York City Councilman assassinated by Othniel Askew, a political rival in the Council chambers in City Hall
Chauncey Bailey, (2007), journalist

Uruguay

Bernardo P. Berro, (1868), Uruguayan president
Venancio Flores, (1868), Uruguayan president (on the same day as Berro, though in completely separate incidents)
Juan Idiarte Borda, (1897), Uruguayan president

Venezuela

Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, (1950), chairman of the military junta of Venezuela
Danilo Anderson, (2004), State prosecutor

Assassinations in Asia

Afghanistan

Habibullah Khan, (1919), emir of Afghanistan
Mohammed Nader Shah, (1933), king of Afghanistan since 1929
Mohammed Daoud Khan, (1978), president of Afghanistan killed in communist coup
Adolph Dubs, (1979), U.S. ambassador to Afghanistan
Nur Mohammad Taraki, (1979), communist president
Hafizullah Amin, (1979), communist Prime Minister of Afghanistan killed during Soviet invasion
Mohammed Najibullah, (1996), president of Afghanistan from 1986 to 1992, killed by the Taliban during the capture of Kabul
Ahmed Shah Massoud, (2001), leader of the Afghan Northern Alliance
Abdul Haq, (2001), Afghan Northern Alliance commander killed by remnants of the Taliban
Abdul Qadir, (2002), vice-president of Afghanistan
Abdul Rahman, (2002), Afghan Minister for Civil Aviation and Tourism
Abdul Sabur Farid Kuhestani, (2007), former Prime Minister of Afghanistan

Bangladesh

Mujibur Rahman, (1975), president of Bangladesh
Fazlul Haq Mani, (1975), politician
Abdur Rab Serniabat, (1975), politician
Tajuddin Ahmed, (1975), politician
Syed Nazrul Islam, (1975), politician
Mohammad Mansoor Ali, (1975), prime minister
Khaled Mosharraf, (1975), coup organizer
Ziaur Rahman, (1981), president of Bangladesh

Bhutan

Jigme Palden Dorji, (1964), Prime Minister of Bhutan

Cambodia

Ieu Koeus, (1950), briefly prime minister of Cambodia in 1949

China

Sidibala, (1323), grand-khan of the Mongol Empire, Emperor of Yuan China
João Maria Ferreira do Amaral, (1849), Portuguese Governor of Macau
Ma Xinyi, (1870), a governor assassinated by Zhang Wenxiang in the summer of 1870.
Ito Hirobumi, (1909), Japanese Resident-General of Korea, in Manchuria
Chen Qimei, (1916), revolutionary activist
Liao Zhongkai, (1925)
Zhang Zuolin, (1928), Manchurian warlord, by officers of the Japanese Guandong Army
Lu Huanyan, (1930)
Chen Lu, (1939), foreign minister of Wang Jingwei Government
Fang Zhenwu, (1941)
Han Guojun, (1942)
Wen Yiduo, (1946), Chinese poet and scholar

Georgia

Cemal Pasha, (1922), former Ottoman Minister, in Tbilisi, by an Armenian or allegedly by either the NKVD or Cheka.

India

Brhadrata, (185 BC), last ruler of the Mauryan dynasty
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, (1602), vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar
Mohandas Gandhi, (1948), Independence leader
Tyagi Immanuvel Devendrar (11-9-1957) Congress Leader & Revolutionary Leader for people of Devendrar Tamilnadu
Indira Gandhi, (1984), Indian prime minister
Rajiv Gandhi, (1991), former Indian prime minister
Beant Singh(Chief Minister), (1995), chief minister of Punjab
Phoolan Devi, (2001), bandit queen turned politician and activist for people of Depressed class
Abdul Ghani Lone, (2002), moderate leader of Kashmiri Muslims
General Arun Shridhar Vaidya, Chief of Army Staff, Indian Army from 1983 to 1986.

Iran

Xerxes I, (465 BC), Persian king killed by guards
Xerxes II, (423 BC), Persian king killed by his half-brother Sogdianus
Sogdianus, (423 BC), Persian king killed by his half-brother Darius II
Khosrow I, (238), Armenian king
Nizam al-Mulk, (1092), Persian scholar and vizier of the Seljuk Turks
Nader Shah, (1747), Shah of Persia
Nasser-al-Din Shah, (1896), Shah of Persia killed by Mirza Reza Kermani
Firouz Mirza Nosrat-ed-Dowleh Farman Farmaian III, (1930), Iranian Diplomat and Politician
Abdolhossein Teymourtash, (1933), Iranian Statesman
Taghi Arani, (1940), Communist intellectual
Qazi Muhammad, (1947), dissident Kurdish Iranian political leader, in Mahabad
Ali Razmara, (1951), Prime Minister of Iran
Hassan Ali Mansur, (1965), Prime Minister of Iran
Mohammad Beheshti, (1981), killed along with 71 others in bombing
Mohammad Ali Rajai, (1981), president of Iran
Mohammad Javad Bahonar, (1981), Prime Minister of Iran, killed in bombing with Rajai

Iraq

Gordian III, (244), Roman emperor, near Circesium (modern day Abu Sera) by his troops
Faisal I, (1933), King of Iraq
Ghazi I, (1939), King of Iraq
Faisal II, (1958), King of Iraq
Nuri Pasha as-Said, (1958), Iraqi politician, and
Ibrahim Hashim, (1958), Jordanian politician, prime minister several times between the 1930s and shortly before his death - the previous three were all killed during the July 14 military coup in Iraq
Abdul Razak al-Naif, (1978), former Prime Minister of Iraq
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, (1982), 4th President of Iraq
Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, (1980), former Grand Ayatollah
Bint al-Huda, (1980), Iraqi educator and political activist she was killed by Saddam Hussein along with her brother, Ayatullah Sayyid Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
Gen. Adnan Khairallah, (1989), former Deputy Commander in Chief of Iraq's armed forces and Defense Minister
Sayyid Mohammed Taqi al-Khoei,, (1994), Son of former Grand Ayatollah Abul Qasim Al-Musawi Al-Khoei
Gen.Barreq Abdallah, (1990), Commander Republican Gaurd.
Dr. Raji Al-tikriti, (1994), physician of the Iraqi Army, and physician of Saddam Hussein president Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr.
Sayyid Abul Majid al-Khoei,, (2003), Son of former Grand Ayatollah Abul Qasim Al-Musawi Al-Khoei
Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr, (1999), former [[Grand Ayatollah],killed in the Iraqi city of Najaf along with two of his sons.
Ali Garmaii, (1996), dissident Kurdish Iranian activist in Halabja
Mohammad Nanva, (1996), dissident Kurdish Iranian activist, in Sulaymaniyah
Aquila al-Hashimi, (2003), Iraqi Governing Council member
Sayed Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, (2003), ayatollah
Sérgio Vieira de Mello, (2003), UN Special Representative in Iraq
Waldemar Milewicz, (2004), Polish journalist
Mounir Bouamrane, (2004), Algerian-Polish TV operator, killed alongside with Milewicz
Hatem Kamil, (2004), deputy governor of Baghdad Province
Ezzedine Salim, (2004), chairman of the Iraqi Governing Council
Barawiz Mahmoud, (2005), judge on the Iraqi Special Tribunal
Dhari Ali al-Fayadh, (2005), Iraqi MP
Ihab al-Sherif, (2005), Egyptian envoy to Iraq
Abdul Sattar Abu Risha, (2007), Sunni tribal leader

Israel

Hugh II of Le Puiset, (1134), count of Jaffa
Miles of Plancy, (1174), regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Conrad of Montferrat, (1192), King of Jerusalem, leader in the Third Crusade
Jacob Israël de Haan, (1924), pro-Orthodox Jewish diplomat
Haim Arlosoroff, (1933), Zionist leader in the British Mandate of Palestine
Folke Bernadotte, (1948), Middle East peace mediator, assassinated by Lehi
Rudolf Kasztner, (1957), Hungarian Zionist leader, negotiated the Kasztner train with the Nazis
Sheikh Hamad Abu Rabia, (1981), Member of the Knesset
Shlomo Argov, (1982), Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom. left paralyzed.
Emil Grunzweig, (1983), Peace activist, member of Peace Now movement.
Meir David Kahane, (1990), Member of the Knesset, Fouder of the JDL and the Kach Party, Zionist
Yitzhak Rabin, (1995), Prime Minister of Israel and 1994 Nobel Peace Prize recipient
Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane, (2000), Son of Meir David Kahane, Leader of Kahane Chai, Zionist
Rehavam Zeevi, (2001), Israeli general and politician

Japan

Emperor Sushun, (592), Emperor of Japan
The Sogas, (645), Japanese political family
Minamoto no Sanetomo, (1219), the third shogun of the Kamakura Shogunate
Mimura Iechika, daimyo, feudal leader in Japan
Matsudaira Hirotada, (1549), feudal leader in Japan
Ōuchi Yoshitaka, (1551), daimyo, feudal leader in Japan
Oda Nobuyuki, (1557), Japanese samurai, younger brother of Oda Nobunaga
Ashikaga Yoshiteru, (1565), Shogun, feudal leader in Japan
Yamanaka Shikanosuke, (1578), Japanese samurai
Oda Nobunaga, (1582), samurai warlord
Shakushain, (1669), Ainu chief
Shimazu Nariaki, (1858), Japanese daimyo in Satsuma Province, now Kagoshima prefecture
Hashimoto Sanai, (1859), Japanese political activist
Ii Naosuke, (1860), Japanese politician
Tokugawa Nariaki, (1860), Japanese daimyo, a relative of Tokugawa shoguns
Yoshida Toyo, (1862), Japanese political activist
Charles Lennox Richardson, (1862), English diplomat, by Shimazu Hisamitsu's samaurai in Namamugi. Called the Namamugi Incident
Serizawa Kamo, (1863), a chief of Shinsen-gumi
Ikeuchi Daigaku, (1864), Japanese politician
Kusaka Gennai, (1864), Japanese politician
Sakuma Shozan, (1864), Japanese politician
Sakamoto Ryoma, (1867), Japanese author
Yokoi Shonai, (1869), Japanese political activist
Okubo Toshimichi, (1878), Prime Minister of Japan
Ito Hirobumi, (1909), First Prime Minister of Japan
Hara Takashi, (1921), Prime Minister of Japan
Hamaguchi Osachi, (1931), Prime Minister of Japan
Dan Takuma, (1932), zaibatsu leader
Inukai Tsuyoshi, (1932), Prime Minister of Japan
Takahashi Korekiyo, (1936), Prime Minister of Japan
Isoroku Yamamoto, (1943), Japanese Admiral
Inejiro Asanuma, (1960), Socialist Party of Japan chairman
Kazuo Nagano, (1985), Japanese chairman
Hitoshi Igarashi, (1991), translated The Satanic Verses into Japanese
Hideo Murai, (1995), one of the leading members of Aum Shinrikyo
Koki Ishii, (2002), Japanese politician
Iccho Itoh, (2007), Mayor of Nagasaki

Jordan

Abdullah I, (1951), King of Jordan, when entering the Al Aqsa Mosque
Hazza al-Majali, (1960), Prime Minister of Jordan
Wasfi al-Tal, (1971), Prime Minister of Jordan
Laurence Foley, (2002), USAID official, by Al-Qaeda operatives

Korea

King Bunseo of Baekje, (304), King of Baekje during the Three Kingdoms of Korea
Queen Min of Joseon, (1895), the last empress of Korea
Lyuh Woon-Hyung, (1947), former head of People's Republic of Korea
Park Chung-Hee, (1979), President of South Korea
Yuk Yeong-Su, (1974), Wife of President Park Chung Hee and First Lady of South Korea
Lee Bum-Suk, (1983), foreign minister of South Korea, killed along with several other South Korean cabinet members by North Korean agents while visiting Burma

Kuwait

Hardan al-Tikriti (1971) Former Iraqi defense minister and vice president

Lebanon

Raymond II of Tripoli, (1152), count of Tripoli
Philip of Montfort, (1270), Lord of Tyre
Sami al-Hinnawi, (1950), Syrian head of state
Francis E. Meloy, Jr. and Robert O. Waring, US Ambassador and US Economic Councelor to Lebanon and their driver Zuhair Mohammed Moghrabi
Kamal Jumblatt, (1977), Lebanese Druze leader
Tony Frangieh, (1978), Lebanese Christian leader
Bachir Gemayel, (1982), president-elect of Lebanon
Maya Gemayel, (1979), daughter of president-elect Bachir Gemayel
Rashid Karami, (1987), Prime Minister of Lebanon
René Moawad, (1989), President of Lebanon
Dany Chamoun, (1990), son of late president Camille Chamoun
Sheikh Nizar Al-Halabi (1995) , Sunni Sheikh assassinated by Al-Qaeda terrorists
Elie Hobeika, (2002), Lebanese militia leader
Rafik Hariri, (2005), former Prime Minister of Lebanon
Bassel Fleihan, (2005), Lebanese legislator and Minister of Economy and Commerce
Samir Kassir, (2005), Columnist at "An Nahar" daily Lebanese newspaper, long a fiery critic of Syria
George Hawi, (2005), former chief of Lebanese Communist Party
Gibran Tueni, (2005), Editor in Chief of "An Nahar" daily Lebanese newspaper
Pierre Gemayel, (2006), Minister of Industry of Lebanon
Walid Eido, (2007), member of the National Assembly
Antoine Ghanim, (2007), member of the National Assembly

Malaysia

James Wheeler Woodford Birch, (1985), a British Resident Minister in the State of Perak
Sir Henry Gurney, (1951), was British High Commissioner in Malaya (1950 - 1951), killed by Malayan Communist Party guerillas
Sir Duncan Stewart, (1949), was Second Governor of Sarawak, a British Crown Colony (1946 - 1963), killed by the Rukun 13 members, Rosli Dhobie, Awang Ramli Mohd Deli, and Bujang Suntong

Mongolia

Sanjaasürengiyn Zorig (1998), politician

Myanmar (Burma)

Alaungsithu (1112-1167) King of Pagan Kingdom assassinated by his son Narathu
Tabinshwehti, (1550) King of Taungoo Dynasty assassinated by Mon revival
Anaukpetlun, (1628) King of Nyaungyan Dynasty
Crown Prince Ka Naung (Burmese: ကနောင္‌မင္‌းသား; 1829 - 1866) was a son of King Tharrawaddy and younger brother of King Mindon
Aung San, (1947), Burmese nationalist leader, founder of Thirty Comrades
Thakin Mya, (1947)
U Ba Cho, (1947)
U Razak, (1947)
U Ba Win, (1947)
Mahn Ba Khine, (1947)
Sai San Tun, (1947)
U Ohn Maung, (1947)
Ko Htwe, (1947)
Kenji Nagai, {2007), Japanese Photojournalist

Nepal

Birendra, (2001), King of Nepal (along with Queen Aiswary and 9 other members of the royal family)

Pakistan

Liaquat Ali Khan, (1951), Prime Minister of Pakistan
Hayat Khan Sherpao, (1975), Former Governor of the North-West Frontier Province
Meena Keshwar Kamal, (1987), Afghan founder of the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, (1988), 10-year President of Pakistan and 12-year Chief of Army Staff in a sabotage-induced aircraft crash.
Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, (1989), militant Islamist, near Peshawar
Fazle Haq, (1991), former governor of the Northwest Frontier province, Pakistan, from 1978 to 1985
Ghulam Haider Wyne, (1993), Chief Minister of Punjab from 1990 - 1993
Iqbal Masih, (1995), 13-year-old anti-child labor activist, in Rakh Baoli
Hakim Said, (1998), Founder of Hamdard Foundation and Hamdard University, Karachi. Former Governor of Sindh
Siddiq Khan Kanju, (2001), former foreign minister of Pakistan from 1991 to 1993
Benazir Bhutto, (2007), former Prime Minister of Pakistan, by unknown assassins

Palestinian territories

Yahya Ayyash, (1996), Hamas' explosives expert
Abu Ali Mustafa, (2001), leader of PFLP
Salah Shahade, (2002), leader of Hamas' military wing
Ibrahim al-Makadmeh, (2003), co-founder of Hamas
Sheikh Ahmed Yassin, (2004), leader and founder of Hamas
Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, (2004), leader of Hamas
Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil, (2004), Hamas operative
Adnan al-Ghoul, (2004), Hamas' explosives expert

Philippines

Fernando Manuel de Bustamante, (1719), Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines
Diego Silang, (1763), early rebel leader
Antonio Luna, (1899), a leader of the Filipino army during Philippine-American War
Julio Nalundasan, (1935), Ilocos Congressman, young Ferdinand Marcos tried but acquitted for the slaying
Aurora Quezon, (1949), former First Lady of the Philippines
Ponciano Bernardo, (1949), mayor of then Philippine capital Quezon City
James Gordon, (1967), Olongapo City mayor
Juan M. Alberto, (1967), Catanduanes governor and GSIS president
Guillermo de Vega, (1975), Executive Secretary and Board of Censors head
Joe Lingad, (1980), former Pampanga governor
Benigno Aquino, Jr., (1983), senator and politician, leader of the opposition against Ferdinand Marcos
Cesar Climaco, (1984), Mayor of Zamboanga City and prominent opposition leader
Evelio Javier, (1986), Antique governor and ally of then presidential candidate Corazon Aquino
Emma Henry, (1986), police officer and film actress
Rolando Olalia, (1987), head of the Kilusang Mayo Uno
Lean Alejandro, (1987), prominent student activist leader
Jaime Ferrer, (1987), Interior and Local Government Cabinet Secretary
Roy Padilla, Sr., (1988), Camarines Norte Governor, Father of Robin Padilla
James N. Rowe (1989), US Military advisor
Moises Espinosa, (1989), Masbate Congressman
Bonifacio D. Uy, 1989, Ilagan, Isabela mayor
Eduardo Batalla, (1989), AFP general
Oscar Florendo, (1990), AFP general and spokesperson
Francisco Abalos, (1992), Lanao del Norte governor
Jose M. Crisol, (1993), former Defense Department official, leading counter-insurgency tactician
Tito Espinosa, (1995), Masbate Congressman
Alberto Berbon, (1996), DZMM senior editor and journalist
Rolando Abadilla, (1996), controversial Marcos era military officer
Clarence Aragao, (1996), human rights lawyer
Marcial Punzalan, (2001), Quezon Congressman
Rodolfo Aguinaldo, (2001), former Cagayan governor and Congressman
Filemon 'Ka Popoy' Lagman, (2001), founder of the Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino (BMP)
Romulo Kintanar, (2003), leader of the New People's Army (NPA)
Arturo Tabara, (2004), leader of Revolutionary Workers' Party
Henry Lanot, (2004), former Pasig City Congressman
Romeo Sanchez and Abelardo Ladera, (2005), local Filipino politicians and
William Tadena, (2005), clergyman with the Philippine Independent Church, by anti-NPA vigilantes
Marlene Esperat, (2005), Sultan Kudarat journalist and Department of Agriculture officer
Fausto Seachon, (2005), former Masbate Congressman
Amir bin Muhammad Baraguir, (2006), Sultan of Maguindanao
Renato Marasigan, (2006), Pasig police chief
Fernando U. Batul, (2006), DYPR broadcast journalist/commentator, former Puerto Princesa City, Palawan vice-mayor
Noli Capulong, (2006), Bayan Muna activist and pastor
Sotero Llamas, (2006), former Rebel Leader, activist and former governatorial candidate of Albay
Delfinito Albano, (2006), Ilagan, Isabela Mayor
Alberto Ramento, (2006), bishop of the Philippine Independent Church
James Bersamin, (2006), Board Member of the 2nd District of Abra
Luis Bersamin, (2006), Congressman of Abra
Alioden Dalaig, (2007), Law Department Chief and Director of COMELEC
Joseph Del Rosario, (2007), COMELEC Officer from Cavite
Wahab Akbar, (2007), Congress Representative of Basilan

Qatar

Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, (2004), separatist President of Chechnya from 1996 until 1997

Saudi Arabia

Umar ibn al-Khattab, (644), second caliph
Uthman Ibn Affan, (665), third caliph
Faisal of Saudi Arabia, (1975), king

Sri Lanka

Solomon Bandaranaike, (1959), Sri Lankan socialist prime minister, by Buddhist monk Talduwe Somarama
Alfred Duraiyapah, (1975), former Mayor, Jaffna, by Tamil Tigers
A. Thiagarajah, (1981), MP, Vaddukoddai, by PLOTE
V. Dharmalingam, (1985), MP, Manipay, by TELO aligned to Indian Intelligence Agency
K. Alalasunderam, (1985), MP, Kopay, by TELO aligned to Indian Intelligence Agency
A. Majeed, (1987), former MP, Mutur, by Tamil Tigers??
Vijaya Kumaratunga, (1989), movie actor turned SLFP-SLMP politician, by JVP.
Stanley Wijesundara (1989), Colombo University Vice Chancellor, by JVP.
V. Yogeswaran, (1989), former MP, Jaffna, by dissident group of LTTE aligned to Indian Intelligence Agency
A. Amrithalingam, (1989), former MP, General Secretary, TULF, by dissident group of LTTE aligned to Indian Intelligence Agency
K.Gunaratnam, (1989), business entrepreneur, by JVP.
Rohana Wijeweera, (1989), founder of JVP, by Sri Lankan Armed Forces
T. Ganeshalingam, (1990), Minister, North East Provincial Council, by Tamil Tigers
Sam Tambimuttu, (1990), MP, Batticaloa, by Tamil Tigers
P. Kirubakaran, (1990), Finance Minister, North East Provincial Council, by Tamil Tigers
V. Yogasankari, (1990), MP, Jaffna, by Tamil Tigers
K. Kanagaratnam, (1990), MP, Eastern Province, by Tamil Tigers
Ranjan Wijeratne, (1991), Minister of State, Defence
Ranasinghe Premadasa, (1993), President of Sri Lanka, by Tamil Tigers
Ossie Abeygunasekara, (1994), member of Parliament Sri Lanka, by Tamil Tigers
Dr. Gamini Wijesekara, (1994), member of Parliament Sri Lanka, by Tamil Tigers
Weerasinghe Mallimarachchi, (1994), member of Parliament Sri Lanka, by Tamil Tigers
G. M. Premachandra, (1994), member of Parliament Sri Lanka, by Tamil Tigers
Gamini Dissanayake, (1994), Presidential candidate, UNP, member of Parliament Sri Lanka, by Tamil Tigers
Thomas Anton, (1995), Deputy Mayor, Batticaloa, by Tamil Tigers
Arunachalam Thangathurai, (1997), member of Parliament Trincomalee
Mohammad Maharoof, (1997), Member of Parliament (MP), Trincomalee, by Tamil Tigers
Sarojini Yogeswaran, (1998), Jaffna Mayor, by Tamil Tigers
S. Shanmuganadan, (1998), Member of Parliament (MP), by Tamil Tigers
Ponnudurai Sivapalan, (1998), Jaffna Mayor, by Tamil Tigers
Neelan Thiruchelvam, (1999), Member of Parliament (MP) and TULF leader
C. V. Gunaratne, (2000), cabinet minister, by Tamil Tigers
M.H.M.ASHRAF, (2000), cabinet minister,SLMC Leader ,not found yet
Joseph Pararajasingham, (2005), Tamil MP in Batticalo, by GoSL supported para-military

Karuna Group

Lakshman Kadirgamar, (2005), foreign minister, by Tamil Tigers
Vanniasingham Vigneswaran, (2006), Tamil rights activist by GoSL supported Karuna Group
Parami Kulatunga, (2006), army general
Nadarajah Raviraj (2006), MP and Tamil National Alliance politician, by GoSL paramilitary Group
T. Maheswaran (2008), UNP Tamil MP for voicing human rights violations of GoSL, by Sri Lanka IB associate.
K. Sivanesan (2008), TNA Tamil MP for voicing human rights violations of GoSL, by Sri Lankan Army DPU.

Syria

Antiochus II Theos, (246 BC), Seleucid king
Seleucus III Ceraunus, (223 BC), Seleucid king
Seleucus IV Philopator, (176 BC), Seleucid king
Alexander Balas, (146 BC), Seleucid king
Antiochus VI Dionysus, (138 BC), Seleucid heir to the throne
Numerian, (285), Roman Emperor, by his father-in-law, Arrius Aper, in Emesa (modern-day Homs)
Zengi, (1146), ruler of Aleppo and Mosul and founder of the Zengid Dynasty
Abdul Rahman Shahbandar, (1940), Syrian nationalist
Muhammad Suleiman,(2008), Syrian general and security advicer to president Al-Bashir.

Turkey

Hasan Fehmi, (1909), journalist, by government agents
Mahmud Şevket Pasha (1913), prime minister
Abdi İpekçi (1979), liberal journalist
Kemal Türkler (1980), labor union leader
Nihat Erim (1980), former prime minister
Musa Anter (1992), Kurdish activist
Ugur Mumcu (1993), left-wing journalist
Hrant Dink (2007), Armenian journalist

Vietnam

Hans Imfeld, (1947), French colonial agent
Ngo Dinh Nhu, (1963), politician
Ngo Dinh Diem, (1963), first president of South Vietnam

Yemen

Imam Yahya, (1948), King of Yemen
Ibrahim al-Hamadi, (1977), president of North Yemen
Ahmad al-Ghashmi, (1978), president of North Yemen killed by bomb along with envoy from South Yemen
Jarallah Omar, (2002), deputy secretary-general of Yemeni Socialist Party

Assassinations in Australia and Oceania

Australia

John Newman, (1994), New South Wales state Member for Cabramatta
Ivens Buffett, (2004), Deputy Chief Minister of Norfolk Island

New Caledonia

Pierre Declercq, (1981), Kanak independence leader
Éloi Machoro, (1985), Kanak independence leader
Marcel Nonaro, (1985), Kanak independence leader
Jean-Marie Tjibaou, (1989), Kanak independence leader
Yéiwene Yéiwene, (1989), Kanak independence leader

Samoa

Luagalau Levaula Kamu, (1999), cabinet minister

Palau

Haruo Remeliik, (1985), president

Assassinations in Europe

Albania

Avni Rustemi (1924), nationalist member of parliament

Austria

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, (1914), assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, who also killed the Archduchess Sophie; this assassination played a role in starting World War I
Karl von Stürgkh, (1916), Minister-President of Austria
Kurt Eisner, (1919), Minister-President of the Bavarian Socialist Republic
Franz Birnecker, (1923), Austrian labour representative at Semperit
Engelbert Dollfuss, (1934), Chancellor of Austria
Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, (1989), dissident Kurdish Iranian political leader, in Vienna

Belgium

Julien Lahaut, (1950), chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium
Maximiliano Gómez, (1971), Dominican communist leader
Gerald Bull, (1990), Canadian developer of the Martlet cannon, in Brussels, Belgium (possibly assassinated by Israeli Mossad agents)
André Cools, (1991), Belgian politician

Bulgaria

Stefan Stambolov, (1895), Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Aleksandar Stamboliyski, (1923), Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Lambo Kyuchukov, (1995), ex-Minister of education
Vasil Iliev, (1995), insurance boss, owner of "VIS-2"
Andrey Lukanov, (1996), former Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Ivo Karamanski, (1998), insurance tycoon
Lyubomir Georgiev Penev, (1999), majority owner of Nova Televizia TV
Velichko Todorov, (2000), leader of the People's Party in Pleven
Georgi Valkov Georgiev, (2001), European champion, karate
Nikolai Kolev, (2002), Supreme Court of Cassation prosecutor
Todor Matov, (2003), international wrestling referee
Iliya Pavlov, (2003), president of Multigroup corporation, the wealthiest man in Bulgaria
Stoil Slavov, (2004), "Interpetroleum and Partners" associate
Martin Elandzhiev, (2004), national kick-box champion
Shinka Manova, (2005), director of Customs Control
Emil Kyulev, (2005), banker, voted Mr. Economics in Bulgaria for 2002
Georgi Stoyanov Vasilev, (2005), Sofia city councillor
Ivan "Doktora" Todorov, (2006), businessman alleged of smuggling
Georgi Stoev, (2008), author writing about the mafia
Borislav Georgiev, (2008), CEO of "Atomenergoremont" Nucler plant repair company

Cyprus

Youssef El-Sebai, (1978), Egyptian writer, in Cyprus
Youcef Essalhi, (2001), 19 years old French fundamentalist shot dead in Cyprus by unknown gunman

Czech Republic

Saint Ludmila, (921), Wife of Duke Bořivoj, Grandmother of Duke Václav I
Václav I (Saint Wenceslas), (935 or 929), Duke of Bohemia
Václav III, (1306), King of Bohemia
Albrecht von Wallenstein, (1634), Czech general during the Thirty Years' War
Alois Rašín, (1923), Minister of Finances of Czechoslovakia
Reinhard Heydrich, (1942), a General in the Nazi German paramilitary corps and governor of occupied Czech lands

Denmark

Erik V Klipping, (1286), King of Denmark

Estonia

Jaak Nanilson, (1924), statesman

Finland

Bishop Henry, (1156), English bishop in Finland (according to a legend)
Eliel Soisalon-Soininen, (1904), attorney General
Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov, (1904), Governor-General of Finland
Heikki Ritavuori, (1922), Minister of the Interior of Finland

France

Charles d'Espagne, (1354), constable of France
Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, (1407)
John the Fearless, (1419)
Gaspard de Coligny, (1572)
Henri III, (1589), King of France
Henri IV, (1610), King of France
Jacques de Flesselles, (1789), Provost of Paris
Jean-Paul Marat, (1793), revolutionary
Marie François Sadi Carnot, (1894), President of France
Jean Jaurès, (1914), politician, pacifist; his assassin, Raoul Villain, would be assassinated himself in Spain in 1936
Gaston Calmette, (1914), editor of Le Figaro newspaper, by the wife of the minister of Finance Joseph Caillaux
Marius Plateau, (1923), secretary of Action Française
Paul Doumer, (1932), President of France
Louis Barthou, (1934), foreign minister of France killed along with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia at Marseille
Ernst vom Rath, (1938), German diplomat in France
François Darlan, (1942), admiral of the Fleet and former Prime Minister of Vichy governement, by a young monarchist in Algiers
Maurice Sarraut, (1943), editor of La Dépêche newspaper and former leader of Radical-Socialist Party, by miliciens in Toulouse
Constant Chevillon, (1944), head of FUDOFSI, by Gestapo in Lyon
Philippe Henriot, (1944), State secretary for Information and Propaganda of Vichy governement, by french resistants in Paris
Georges Mandel, (1944), former radical-socialist minister and french resistant, by miliciens in forest of Fontainebleau
Eugène Deloncle, (1944), milicien and former leader of clandestine far-right organisation La Cagoule, by Gestapo
Camille Blanc, (1961), mayor of Evian
Mehdi Ben Barka, (1965), Moroccan socialist leader and Third-World Tricontinental leader, disappeared in Paris
Outel Bono, (1973), Chadian medical doctor and anti-Tombalbaye activist
Oktay Cerit, (1976), First Secretary of Turkish Embassy, by an unknown assailant. The Secret Armenian Army is suspected.
Jean de Broglie, (1976), former minister and one of the french negotiators of the Évian Accords
Henri Curiel, (1978), anticolonialist activist
José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana "Argala", (1978), Basque leader
Pierre Goldman, (1979), left-wing activist
Robert Boulin, (1979), minister of Labor and many times minister since 1961. Officially suicide, but lot of anomalies revealed since.
Joseph Fontanet, (1980), former minister
Salah al-Din Bitar, (1980), Syrian Baath politician
Yehia El-Mashad, (1980), Egyptian atomic scientist.
Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude, (1982), right-wing activist and criminal
Pierre-Jean Massimi, (1983), secretary of the département Haute-Corse
René Audran, (1985), general, by far-left activists of Action directe
Georges Besse, (1986), Renault executive, by far-left activists of Action directe
André Mécili ("Ali Mécili"), (1987), Algerian opposition leader, in France
Dulcie September, (1988), African National Congress representative, in Paris
Joseph Doucé, (1990), activist for sexual minorities
Shapour Bakhtiar, (1991), Prime Minister of Iran briefly in 1979, stabbed to death at his home in France
Abdelbaki Sahraoui, (1995), co-founder of the Algerian Islamic Salvation Front, in Paris
Claude Erignac, (1998), prefect of Corsica
Didier Contant, (2004), journalist, grand reporter, former editor in chief of Gamma
Robert Feliciaggi, (2006), Corsican MP, in Ajaccio

Germany

Alexander Severus, (235), Roman emperor, near Moguntiacum (present-day Mainz) by his troops
Postumus, (268), Gallic emperor, in Mainz
Laelianus, (268), Gallic emperor, in Mainz
Philipp von Hohenstaufen, (1208), Emperor, in Bamberg
Engelbert I. von Köln, (1225), Archbishop of Cologne
Konrad von Marburg, (1233), inquisitor
Johann Windlock, (1356), Bishop of Constance
Kaspar Hauser, (1833), purported son of Karl, Grand Duke of Baden
Kurt Eisner, (1919), Prime Minister of Bavaria
Talat Pasha, (1921), former Ottoman Minister of Interior Affairs, in Berlin by Soghomon Tehlirian
Matthias Erzberger, (1921), politician
Walther Rathenau, (1922), industrialist and politician
Dr Erich Klausener, (1934), Minister of Police
Gustav von Kahr, (1934), politician
General Kurt von Schleicher, (1934), advisor to Reich President Paul von Hindenburg
Salah Ben Youssef, (1961), Tunisian politician, in Frankfurt
Belkacem Krim, (1970), Algerian politician
Günter von Drenkmann, (1974), Berlin chief justice
Siegfried Buback, (1977), German attorney general
Jürgen Ponto, (1977), CEO Dresdner Bank
Hanns-Martin Schleyer, (1977), president of the German employers' organization
Heinz-Herbert Karry, (1981), Minister of Economy in Hesse
Ernst Zimmermann, (1985), industrialist
Karl Heinz Beckurts, (1986), Siemens executive
Gerold von Braunmühl, (1986), official in the German Foreign Ministry
Alfred Herrhausen, (1989), Deutsche Bank CEO
Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, (1991), director of Treuhandanstalt for former East Germany
Sadeq Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan, Nouri Dehkordi, (1992), dissident Kurdish Iranian political leaders, in Berlin (Mykonos restaurant assassinations)

Greece

Hipparchus, (514 BC), tyrant of Athens
Ephialtes, (461 BC), leader of the radical democracy movement in Athens
Alcibiades, (404 BC), Athenian general and politician
Philip II of Macedon, (336 BC), king of Macedon, by Pausanias of Orestis in Pella
Seleucus I Nicator, (281 BC), founder of the Seleucid dynasty, near Lysimachia
Cleon of Sicyon, (272 BC), tyrant of Sicyon
Tidas, (252 BC), tyrant of Sicyon
Archimedes, (212 BC), Greek mathematician, was killed in syracusa, magna Greece
Ioannis Capodistrias, (1831), first President of Greece
George I of Greece, (1913), king
Gregoris Lambrakis, (1963), leader of anti-fascist movement in Greece.
George Tsantes, (1983), U.S. military attaché in Athens
Nikos Momferratos, (1985), Greek newspaper publisher
William Nordeen, (1988), Tsantes successor as U.S. military attaché in Athens
Pavlos Bakoyannis, (1989), New Democracy politician
Costis Peratikos, (1997), Greek shipowner
Stephen Saunders, (2000), Brigadier and British military attaché in Athens

Hungary

István Tisza, (1918), former premier of Hungary

Ireland

Lord Frederick Cavendish, (1882), Chief Secretary for Ireland
Thomas Henry Burke, (1882), Permanent Under Secretary for Ireland
Tomás Mac Curtain, (1920), Lord Mayor of Cork
Michael Collins, (1922), President of the Provisional Government and "IRA" guerrilla leader during the Irish War of Independence
Kevin O'Higgins, (1927), Irish politician
Christopher Ewart-Biggs, (1976), British ambassador to Ireland
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, (1979), Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India
Dominic McGlinchey, (1994). INLA terrorist leader.
Veronica Guerin, (1996), Irish journalist

Italy (and former Roman Empire)

Titus Tatius, (748 BC), Sabine king, in Rome
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, (579 BC), Etruscan king of Rome, in Rome by the sons of Ancus Marcius
Servius Tullius, (534 BC), Etruscan king of Rome, in Rome by Tarquin II
Tiberius Gracchus, (133 BC), Roman tribune, in Rome by Roman senators
Julius Caesar, (44 BC), Roman general and dictator, in Rome by members of the Roman Senate
Cicero, (43 BC), Roman orator, outside of Rome under orders from Mark Antony
Caligula, (41), Roman Emperor, in Rome by Cassius Chaerea through a conspiracy with the Praetorian guard and the Senate
Claudius, (54), Roman Emperor, poisoned in Rome by his wife, Agrippina
Vitellius, (69), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Flavian army
Galba, (69), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders from Otho
Domitian, (96), Roman Emperor, in Rome by Stephanus, steward to Julia Flavia
Commodus, (192), Roman Emperor, killed in Rome by Narcissus the wrestler
Pertinax, (193), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
Didius Julianus, (193), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
Publius Septimius Geta, (212), Roman Emperor, in Rome by centurions under orders of Caracalla
Caracalla, (217), Roman Emperor, between Edessa and Carrhae (modern-day Sanli Urfa and Harran) by Martialis, possibly under orders of Macrinus
Elagabalus, (222), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders of Julia Maesa and Julia Mamaea
Maximinus Thrax, (238), Roman Emperor, outside Aquileia by his troops
Pupienus, (238), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
Balbinus, (238), Roman Emperor, in Rome by the Praetorian Guard
Volusianus, (253), Roman Emperor, near Interamna by his troops
Trebonianus Gallus, (253), Roman Emperor, near Interamna by his troops
Aurelian, (275), Roman Emperor, near Caenophrurium (modern-day Corlu)
Florianus, (276), Roman Emperor, near Tarsus
Giuliano de' Medici, (1478), co-ruler of Florence
Martin Bovelino (Martino Bovollino), (1531), envoy of the Grisons
Pellegrino Rossi, (1848), Papal States Minister of Justice
Umberto I of Italy, (1900), king
Said Halim Pasha, (1921), former Ottoman Prime
Giacomo Matteotti, (1924), Italian socialist politician
Luigj Gurakuqi, (1925), Albanian independence leader, in Bari
Benito Mussolini, (1945), fascist Prime Minister of Italy
Enrico Mattei, (1962), Italian public head officer, head of Agip oil company, supported Algerian independence
Pier Paolo Pasolini, (1975), Italian writer, poet and film director
Aldo Moro, (1978), former Prime Minister of Italy
Giuseppe Impastato, (1978), Anti-mafia activist
Emilio Alessandrini, (1979), magistrate in Milano
Giorgio Ambrosoli, (1979), lawyer, liquidator of Banca Privata Italiana
Cesare Terranova, (1979), magistrate
Carlo Ghiglieno, (1979), Fiat manager
Italo Schettini, (1979), regional councillor of Democrazia cristiana
Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, (1982), General of the carabinieri, indirectly investigating on the death of Enrico Mattei
Rocco Chinnici, (1983), magistrate
Leamon Hunt, (1984), U.S. chief of the Sinai Multinational Force and Observer Group (assassinated in Rome)
Antonio Saetta, (1988), judge
Giovanni Trecroci, (1990), vice mayor of Villa San Giovanni
Giovanni Falcone, (1992), anti-mafia judge
Paolo Borsellino, (1992), anti-mafia judge
Salvatore Lima, (1992), mayor of Palermo
Pino Puglisi, (1993), priest
Massimo D'Antona, (1999), advisor of the Italian Minister of Labour
Marco Biagi, (2002), Italian Labor Ministry advisor

Malta

Fathi Shakaki, (1995), leader of Islamic Jihad

Netherlands

Count Floris V, (1296), murdered by fellow noblemen
William I of Orange, (1584), leader of the Dutch war of independence from Spanish rule (Eighty Years' War)
Johan de Witt, (1672), politician, and his brother
Cornelis de Witt, (1672), by an angry crowd
Pim Fortuyn, (2002), publicist and politician, leader of his political party
Theo van Gogh, (2004), film director, writer and critic

Norway

Ahmed Bouchiki, (1973), Civilian, mistakenly believed to be Ali Hassan Salameh, assassinated in Lillehammer by Israeli Mossad agents

Ottoman Empire

Mehmed Sokollu, (1579), Grand Vizier of Suleyman the Magnificent
Osman II, (1622), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Mahmud Sevket Pasha (1913), Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
Azmi Bey, (1922), former Ottoman Ittihat and Terakki Party member, by an Armenian
Celal Pasha, (1929), former Ottoman Minister for the Navy, in Istanbul, due to his role in the Armenian Genocide.

Poland

Stanisław Szczepanowski (1079), Bishop of Kraków (now a saint)
Gabriel Narutowicz, (1922), President of Poland
Franz Kutschera, (1944), German SS general and chief of police, by Polish resistance
Jerzy Popiełuszko, (1984), Polish priest, by the communist political police
Marek Papała, (1998), chief of the police, by the mafia

Portugal

Inês de Castro, (1355), posthumously declared Queen of Portugal
Fernando II, (1483), Duke of Braganza
Diogo de Beja, (1484), Duke
Carlos I of Portugal, (1908), King
Luiz Filipe of Portugal, (1908), Crown Prince
Sidónio Pais, (1918), President
Humberto Delgado, (1965), General, Presidential Candidate
Issam Sartawi, (1983), member of the Palestine Liberation Organization, shot in an hotel

Romania

Mihai Viteazul, (1601), Ruler of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania
Barbu Catargiu, (1862), Prime Minister of Romania
Ion Duca, (1933), Prime Minister of Romania
Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, (1938), politician
Armand Călinescu, (1939), Prime Minister of Romania
Nicolae Iorga, (1940), former Prime Minister of Romania, historian
Constantin Tănase, (1945), actor

Slovakia

Ján Ducký, (1999)

Spain

Tomb of José Canalejas in the *Panteón de Hombres Ilustres*, Madrid.

Juan Prim, (1870), Prime Minister of Spain and Governor of Puerto Rico
Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, (1897), Prime Minister of Spain
José Canalejas, (1912), Prime Minister of Spain
Eduardo Dato Iradier, (1921), Prime Minister of Spain
José Castillo, (1936, Socialist lieutenant in the Assault Guards
José Calvo Sotelo, (1936), right-wing politician
Federico García Lorca, (1936), Spanish poet and dramatist, by fascists
Raoul Villain, (1936), assassin of Jean Jaurès
Mohamed Khider, (1967), Algerian politician, in Madrid
Melitón Manzanas, (1968), secret police officer
Luis Carrero Blanco, (1973), Spanish prime minister
Ricardo Tejero Magro, (1985), Spanish Central Bank director
Francisco Tomás y Valiente, (1996), former president of the Spanish Constitutional Court
Miguel Ángel Blanco, (1997), Basque politician, by ETA
Fernando Buesa Blanco, (2000), Basque politician and party leader
Ernest Lluch Martín, (2000), former Spanish minister

Sweden

King Sverker I of Sweden, (1156)
King Eric IX of Sweden, (1160)
King Charles VII of Sweden, (1167)
Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, (1436), statesman, Regent of Sweden
King Eric XIV of Sweden, (1577), on order of his half-brother King John III of Sweden
King Gustav III of Sweden, (1792)
Axel von Fersen, (1810), statesman, Grand Marshal of Sweden
Andreas von Mirbach, (1975), German military attaché in Stockholm
Heinz Hillegaart, (1975), German diplomat in Stockholm
Olof Palme, (1986), Swedish prime minister
Anna Lindh, (2003), Swedish foreign affairs minister
Fuat Deniz, researcher in social science.

Switzerland

Berthold von Helfenstein, (1233), Bishop of Chur
Albert I of Habsburg, (1308), German King and Duke of Austria, by his nephew John Parricida, whom he had deprived of his inheritance, at Windisch on the Reuss River
Guichard Tavelli, (1375), Bishop of Sion
Pompejus von Planta-Wildenberg, (1621)
Jörg Jenatsch, (1639), in Chur
Rudolf von Planta, (1640), judge in lower Engadin, at the Umbrail pass
Rudolf von Planta-Wildenberg, (1641), at Rietberg
Josef Leu, (1845), Catholic politician from Lucerne
Elisabeth ("Sissi"), (1898), empress of Austria and queen of Hungary, in Geneva
Vaslav Vorovsky, (1923), Soviet diplomat assassinated in Lausanne
Wilhelm Gustloff, (1936), German leader of the Swiss Nazi party
Félix-Roland Moumié, (1960), successor to Ruben Um Nyobe at the head of the UPC, assassinated by the SDECE (French secret services)
Kazem Rajavi, (1990), Iranian opposition leader, in Geneva