Angiotensin-converting enzyme: Difference between revisions

ACE
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1O86, 1O8A, 1UZE, 1UZF, 2C6F, 2C6N, 2IUL, 2IUX, 2OC2, 2XY9, 2XYD, 2YDM, 3BKK, 3BKL, 3NXQ, 4APH, 4APJ, 3L3N, 4BXK, 4BZR, 4BZS, 4C2N, 4C2O, 4C2P, 4C2Q, 4C2R, 4CA5, 4CA6, 4UFA, 4UFB, 5AMB, 5AM9, 5AM8, 5AMC, 5AMA
Identifiers
Aliases	ACE, angiotensin I converting enzyme, ACE1, CD143, DCP, DCP1, ICH, MVCD3, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
External IDs	OMIM: 106180 MGI: 87874 HomoloGene: 37351 GeneCards: ACE
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	63,498,380 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	105,880,790 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	jejunal mucosa; ; duodenum; ; upper lobe of left lung; ; right uterine tube; ; right lung; ; anterior pituitary; ; gallbladder; ; right lobe of thyroid gland; ; left lobe of thyroid gland; ; putamen;
	Top expressed in
	seminiferous tubule; ; spermatid; ; descending aorta; ; right lung; ; jejunum; ; right lung lobe; ; left lung; ; abdominal aorta; ; duodenum; ; left lung lobe;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	tripeptidyl-peptidase activity; zinc ion binding; exopeptidase activity; endopeptidase activity; metal ion binding; mitogen-activated protein kinase binding; bradykinin receptor binding; peptidase activity; protein binding; carboxypeptidase activity; chloride ion binding; actin binding; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding; hydrolase activity; metallodipeptidase activity; metallopeptidase activity; peptidyl-dipeptidase activity; dipeptidyl-peptidase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; integral component of membrane; endosome; membrane; lysosome; extracellular exosome; external side of plasma membrane; extracellular region; plasma membrane; extracellular space;
Biological process	regulation of renal output by angiotensin; antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I; amyloid-beta metabolic process; angiotensin maturation; blood vessel remodeling; regulation of vasoconstriction; hematopoietic stem cell differentiation; regulation of angiotensin metabolic process; regulation of smooth muscle cell migration; mononuclear cell proliferation; regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin; arachidonic acid secretion; peptide catabolic process; blood vessel diameter maintenance; proteolysis; kidney development; neutrophil mediated immunity; positive regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure; spermatogenesis; regulation of blood pressure; posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of gene expression; negative regulation of protein binding; positive regulation of protein binding; hormone catabolic process; heart contraction; positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity; cell proliferation in bone marrow; positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation; regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation; negative regulation of gap junction assembly; positive regulation of peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation; positive regulation of blood pressure;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	1636
	11421
	ENSG00000159640
	ENSMUSG00000020681
	P12821
	P09470
NM_000789; NM_001178057; NM_152830; NM_152831; NM_001382700;
	NM_001382701; NM_001382702
	NM_009598; NM_207624; NM_001281819
NP_000780; NP_001171528; NP_690043; NP_001369629; NP_001369630;
	NP_001369631
	NP_001268748; NP_033728; NP_997507
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

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Revision as of 20:38, 4 October 2007

Template:PBB Controls

Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) is an exopeptidase.

Functions

It has two primary functions:

it catalyses the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. ^[5]

it is involved in the inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator.

These two actions of ACE make it an ideal target in the treatment of conditions such as high blood pressure, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inhibition of ACE (by ACE inhibitors) results in decreased formation of Angiotensin II (a far more potent vasoconstrictor than Angiotensin I) and decreased inactivation of bradykinin.

Synonyms

ACE is also known as:

peptidyl dipeptidase A
carboxycathepsin
kininase II (kinin-kallikrein system)
CD 143
ACE1

Genetics

The ACE gene, ACE, encodes 2 isozymes. The somatic isozyme is expressed in many tissues, including vascular endothelial cells, epithelial kidney cells, and testicular Leydig cells, whereas the germinal is expressed only in sperm.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159640 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020681 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Template:GeorgiaPhysiology

External links

Angiotensin+Converting+Enzyme at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000159640 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020681 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] Template:GeorgiaPhysiology

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
-{{Protein
+{{PBB_Controls
-   |Name=Angiotensin I converting enzyme
+| update_page = yes
-   |image=AngiotensinCE-1O8A.png
+| require_manual_inspection = no
-   |caption=Angiotensin I converting enzyme {{PDB|}}
+| update_protein_box = yes
-   |Symbol=ACE
+| update_summary = no
-   |AltSymbols=CD143, CD143
+| update_citations = yes
-   |HGNCid=2707
-   |Chromosome=17
-   |Arm=q
-   |Band=23
-   |LocusSupplementaryData=
-   |ECnumber=3.4.15.1
-   |OMIM=106180
-   |EntrezGene=1636
-   |RefSeq=NM_000789
-   |UniProt=P12821
 }}
+<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
+{{GNF_Protein_box
+ | image =  AngiotensinCE-1O8A.png
+ | image_source =
+ | PDB = {{PDB2|1o86}}, {{PDB2|1o8a}}, {{PDB2|1uze}}, {{PDB2|1uzf}}, {{PDB2|2c6f}}, {{PDB2|2c6n}}, {{PDB2|2iul}}, {{PDB2|2iux}}, {{PDB2|2oc2}}
+ | Name = Angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1
+ | HGNCid = 2707
+ | Symbol = ACE
+ | AltSymbols =; ACE1; CD143; DCP; DCP1; MGC26566
+ | OMIM = 106180
+ | ECnumber =
+ | Homologene = 37351
+ | MGIid = 87874
+ | GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_ACE_209749_s_at_tn.png
+ <!-- The Following entry is a time stamp of the last bot update.  It is typically hidden data -->
+ | DateOfBotUpdate = 20:38, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
+ | Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004180 |text = carboxypeptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004246 |text = peptidyl-dipeptidase A activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016798 |text = hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031404 |text = chloride ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
+ | Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005625 |text = soluble fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
+ | Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008152 |text = metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008217 |text = blood pressure regulation}}
+ | Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
+    | Hs_EntrezGene = 1636
+    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000159640
+    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000780
+    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000789
+    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
+    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
+    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 58908166
+    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 58938721
+    | Hs_Uniprot = P12821
+    | Mm_EntrezGene = 11421
+    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000020681
+    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009598
+    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033728
+    | Mm_GenLoc_db =
+    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
+    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 105784052
+    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 105805352
+    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3TU20
+  }}
+}}
 '''Angiotensin I converting enzyme''' ('''ACE''', {{EC number|3.4.15.1}}) is an [[exopeptidase]].
@@ Line 42: / Line 75: @@
 ==References==
+{{reflist}}
-<references/>
+==Further reading==
+{{refbegin | 2}}
+{{PBB_Further_reading
+| citations =
+*{{cite journal  | author=Niu T, Chen X, Xu X |title=Angiotensin converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and cardiovascular disease: therapeutic implications. |journal=Drugs |volume=62 |issue= 7 |pages= 977-93 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11985486 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | author=Roĭtberg GE, Tikhonravov AV, Dorosh ZhV |title=[Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in the development of metabolic syndrome] |journal=Ter. Arkh. |volume=75 |issue= 12 |pages= 72-7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14959477 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | author=Vynohradova SV |title=[The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in development of metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular pathology] |journal=Tsitol. Genet. |volume=39 |issue= 1 |pages= 63-70 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16018179 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | author=König S, Luger TA, Scholzen TE |title=Monitoring neuropeptide-specific proteases: processing of the proopiomelanocortin peptides adrenocorticotropin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the skin. |journal=Exp. Dermatol. |volume=15 |issue= 10 |pages= 751-61 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16984256 |doi= 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2006.00472.x }}
+*{{cite journal  | author=Sabbagh AS, Otrock ZK, Mahfoud ZR, ''et al.'' |title=Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and allele frequencies in the Lebanese population: prevalence and review of the literature. |journal=Mol. Biol. Rep. |volume=34 |issue= 1 |pages= 47-52 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17103020 |doi= 10.1007/s11033-006-9013-y }}
+*{{cite journal  | author=Castellon R, Hamdi HK |title=Demystifying the ACE polymorphism: from genetics to biology. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=13 |issue= 12 |pages= 1191-8 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17504229 |doi=  }}
+*{{cite journal  | author=Lazartigues E, Feng Y, Lavoie JL |title=The two fACEs of the tissue renin-angiotensin systems: implication in cardiovascular diseases. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=13 |issue= 12 |pages= 1231-45 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17504232 |doi=  }}
+}}
+{{refend}}
 ==External links==

v t e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1–50	CD1 a-c 1A 1B 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50
51–100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100
101–150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150
151–200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200
201–250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249
251–300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299
301–350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD327 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350