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| footer = The [[London Underground]] (top) is the oldest metro system. The |
| footer = The [[London Underground]] (top) is the oldest metro system. The [[New York City Subway]] (middle) has the most stations. <!--The [[Beijing Subway]] used to be the world's busiest metro system as of 2019.--> The [[Shanghai Metro]] (bottom) is the metro system with the longest [[Network length (transport)|route length]]. |
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Revision as of 06:11, 4 March 2021
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The London Underground (top) is the oldest metro system. The New York City Subway (middle) has the most stations. The Shanghai Metro (bottom) is the metro system with the longest route length.
This list of metro systems includes electrified rapid transit train systems worldwide. In some parts of the world, metro systems are referred to as subways, U-Bahn or undergrounds. As of December 2017[update], 178 cities[1] in 56 countries around the world host the approximately 180 metro systems that are listed here.
The London Underground first opened as an "underground railway" in 1863 and its first electrified underground line opened in 1890,[2] making it the world's oldest metro system.[3] The New York City Subway has the greatest number of stations.[4][5] The country with the most metro systems is China, with 40 operational. The Shanghai Metro has the world's largest metro network.[6]
Considerations
The International Association of Public Transport (L'Union Internationale des Transports Publics, or UITP) defines metro systems as urban passenger transport systems, "operated on their own right of way and segregated from general road and pedestrian traffic".[7][8] The terms heavy rail (mainly in North America) and heavy urban rail are essentially synonymous with the term "metro".[9][10][11] Heavy rail systems are also specifically defined as an "electric railway".[9][10]
The dividing line between metro and other modes of public transport, such as light rail[9][10] and commuter rail,[9][10] is not always clear, and while UITP only makes distinctions between "metros" and "light rail",[7] the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) distinguish all three modes.[9][10] A common way to distinguish metro from light rail is by their separation from other traffic. While light rail systems may share roads or have level crossings, a metro system runs, almost always, on a grade-separated exclusive right-of-way, with no access for pedestrians and other traffic. And in contrast to commuter rail or light rail, metro systems are primarily used for transport within a city, and have higher service frequencies and substantially higher passenger volume capacities. Furthermore, most metro systems do not share tracks with freight trains or inter-city rail services. It is however not relevant whether the system runs on steel wheels or rubber tyres, or if the power supply is from a third rail or overhead line.
The name of the system is not a criterion for inclusion or exclusion. Some cities use metro as a brand name for a transit line with no component of rapid transit whatsoever. Similarly, there are systems branded light rail that meet every criterion for being a rapid transit system. Some systems also incorporate light metro or light rail lines as part of the larger system under a common name. These are listed, but the light rail lines are not counted in the provided network data. Certain transit networks may match the service standards of metro systems, but reach far out of the city and are sometimes known as S-Bahn, suburban, regional or commuter rail. These are not included in this list. Neither are funicular systems, or people movers, such as amusement park, ski resort and airport transport systems.
This list counts metros separately when multiple metros in one city or metropolitan area have separate owners or operating companies. This list expressly does not aim at representing the size and scope of the total rapid transit network of a certain city or metropolitan area. The data of this list should not be used to infer the size of a city's, region's, or country's urban rail transit systems, or to establish a ranking.
Legend
- City
- Primary city served by the metro system.
- Country
- Sovereign state in which the metro system is located.
- Name
- The most common English name of the metro system (and the connecting article for that system).
- Year opened
- The year the metro system was opened for commercial service at metro standards. In other words, parts of the system may be older, but as parts of a former light rail or commuter rail network, so the year that the system obtained metro standards (most notably electrification) is the one listed.
- Year of last expansion
- The last time the system length or number of stations in the metro system was expanded.
- Stations
- The number of stations in the metro network, with stations connected by transfer counted as one.
- System length
- The system length of a metro network is the sum of the lengths of all routes in the rail network in kilometers or miles. Each route is counted only once, regardless of how many lines pass over it, and regardless of whether it is single-track or multi-track, single carriageway or dual carriageway.
- Ridership
- The number of unique journeys on the metro system every year. There is a major discrepancy between the ridership figures: some metro systems count transferring between lines as multiple journeys, but others do not.
List
This list is sortable. Click on the 
icon in the column header to change sort key and sort order.
- Table notes
^* Indicates ridership figures based on the fiscal year rather than the calendar year.
Under construction
The following is a list of new worldwide metro systems that are currently actively under construction. Note that in some cases it is not clear if the system will be considered a full metro system once it begins operational service. Only metro systems under construction are listed where there is no metro systems currently in operation in the same city.
The countries of Bangladesh, Ecuador, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, and Vietnam are currently constructing their first ever metro systems.
See also
- List of suburban and commuter rail systems
- List of airport people mover systems
- List of bus rapid transit systems
- List of automated train systems
- List of funicular railways
- List of monorail systems
- Medium-capacity rail system
- List of premetro systems
- List of rapid transit systems by track gauge
- List of tram and light rail transit systems
- List of town tramway systems
- List of trolleybus systems
Notes
System notes
- ^ Line A opened in stages between 1913 and 1914 by the Anglo-Argentine Tramways Company. Line A services continued as above-ground tram services through an access ramp at Primera Junta Station. Subway-surface services into Line A ceased in 1926, with the line and its rolling stock transitioned into pure rapid transit operation by 1927.[15][16]
- ^ Vienna's Metropolitan Railway (Wiener Stadtbahn) first opened for service in 1898, operating steam locomotive trains on mostly elevated or underground ROWs. From 1976 onwards, part of it was integrated into the newly established Vienna U-Bahn system (lines U4 and U6), operating as a modern metro.
- ^ Line 2's loop was completed in 2009
- ^ Not including stations of premetro Lines T3, T4, and T7.
- ^ Includes METROREC's rapid transit lines only: Linha Centro (Center Line) and Linha Sul (South Line).
- ^ The Beijing Subway's first line began trial operations on 1 October 1969. It opened to revenue service under trial operations on 15 January 1971. Initially, only members of the public with credential letters from their work units could purchase tickets, but this restriction was removed on 27 December 1972. The subway line passed its final inspections and ended trial operations on 15 September 1981. During the trial operations period, annual ridership rose from 8.28 million in 1971 to 55.2 million in 1980. See the history section of the Beijing Subway for details and references.
- ^ The number is 342 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 408 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Both counts exclude the 6 stations of the Xijiao LRT line.[64]
- ^ Length excludes the Xijiao LRT line, Yizhuang T1 LRT Line and S1 Maglev Line
- ^ Excludes light rail Line 3.
- ^ Excludes light rail Line 3.
- ^ 285 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station. 337 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line. Excludes light rail line T2.
- ^ First line of Foshan Metro serves two cities – Foshan and Guangzhou
- ^ The first MTR route to offer metro service was the Modified Initial System in 1979, which consists of portions of the later Tsuen Wan Line and Kwun Tong Line. Though the eventual East Rail Line opened as a conventional railway in 1910, it did not offer metro service until at least in 1982 when it was electrified.
- ^ Tuen Ma Line Phase 1
- ^ Line S7
- ^ As of December 2020,[update] the number is 457 if the 64 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it's 369 if they're combined; shared tracks/platforms on Lines 3 and 4 are anyway counted as a single stations (nine in all between Hongqiao Road and Baoshan Road).[109][110]
- ^ This figure excludes Maglev line and Jinshan Railway, both often included in Shanghai Metro maps but not considered part of the system.
- ^ Extension of Line A from Itagüí south to La Estrella.
- ^ Line A was extended in April 2015.
- ^ Line 3's first section opened in 2012 and was extended in 2014, and extended again on 15 June 2019.
- ^ Opening of the Länsimetro extension on 18 November 2017.
- ^ Opening of Toulouse Metro Line B.
- ^ The U3 extension from Olympia-Einkaufszentrum (OEZ) to Moosach.
- ^ The Blue Line (Line 3) also has a 20.7 kilometres (12.9 mi) section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.[171][172]
- ^ The Green Line (Line 1), operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. In 2011, it was integrated with Athens Metro under the company STASY S.A.[171]
- ^ As of October 2019,[update] the number is 253 if the 24 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 229, including the six stations on the Delhi Airport Metro Express line, if they are combined; Ashok Park Main station, where the two diverging branches of Line 5 share tracks/platforms, is anyway counted as a single station.[189][190]
- ^ Kaveh station opens
- ^ Opening of metro-standards Line 2.
- ^ a b The 41.5 km (25.8 mi) Line 5 of the Tehran Metro is a commuter rail line, and so is not included in the statistics here – only metro Lines 1–4 and 6–7 are.
- ^ As of October 2018,[update] the number is 113 if the 7 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 106 if they are combined.[231][232]
- ^ Naples Metro is made up of Line 1 and Line 6 only. Line 2 is a commuter rail line.
- ^ Partial opening (line 1 only) of Municipio station in June
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j In general, the majority of urban rail service in Japanese metropolitan areas is provided by systems not included in this list. For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
- ^ As of October 2018,[update] the number is 106 if the 7 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 99 if they are combined; Higashi-nihombashi station and Bakuro-yokoyama station, where an out-of-system transfer between Asakusa Line and Shinjuku Line is possible, are anyway counted as two stations.[251][252][253]
- ^ Yŏnggwang and Puhŭng opened in 1987
- ^ Line 1
- ^ Daegu Metro Line 3 opened in 2015.
- ^ Second phase of line 1
- ^ Line 1 fully opened
- ^ The Seoul Subway Lines 1-9 and Seoul Light Rapid Transit is actually operated by several different operators – Seoul Metro and Seoul Metro Line 9 Corporation (SLM9), plus through-operation services from Korail – but because all of these lines are owned by the City Government of Seoul, here in the table they're counted together as one system.
- ^ a b c Seoul's Metropolitan Subway system can also be viewed as a comprehensive metro network made up of multiple owned/operated metro systems. If viewed as such, the combined route length of Seoul's comprehensive metro-standards network would be 495.8 km (308.1 mi), and it would serve a grand total of 400 stations.
- ^ Includes Korail portions of Seoul Subway Line 3 (Ilsan Line: 19.2 km, 10 stations) and Seoul Subway Line 4 (Gwacheon Line and Ansan Line: 40.4 km, 22 stations), and the Suin–Bundang Line (108.1 km, 63 stations in part shared with the Ansan Line).
- ^ Extension of both Gwacheon Line and Subway Line 4 to Namtaeryeong Station and start of the metro through-operation on April, 1.
- ^ Statistics presented include rapid transit lines only: Ampang Line, Sri Petaling Line, Kelana Jaya Line Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line. KL Monorail, KLIA Ekspres and KLIA Transit Line are not included.
- ^ Only Line 3 counts as a Metro line. Line 1 is light rail, and Line 2 is a light Metro system.
- ^ Line 12 opened 2012.
- ^ The number is 163 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one, or 195 if stations are counted multiple times for each line.[271]
- ^ Note that:
- "Operación": route length in active revenue and non-revenue service
- "Servicio": route length in active revenue service
- "Vuelta": track length in active revenue service
- "Total": all track length in active revenue, maintenance and non-revenue service
- ^ Some sections of the Rotterdam Metro (portions of Lines A and B) have some level crossings (with priority) and so could therefore be considered "light rail" instead of "metro".
- ^ a b These systems have similarities to light rail systems, because of the existence of road level crossings, but are listed since they are almost entirely separated from roads.
- ^ The first underground portion was opened in 1928, but that was a tram line. One surface line has origins from 1898. System opened as a full Metro in 1966.
- ^ Opening of the Løren station in 2016.
- ^ Combined lengths of the Red, Green, and Gold lines.
- ^ TMB-operated lines L1-L5 and L9-L11 only. FGC-operated lines L6-L8 share track with other FGC commuter lines, and thus don't qualify as metro-standards lines.
- ^ CTB-owned and "Metro Bilbao S.A."-operated line 1 and Line 2 only.
- ^ Including TFM, MetroSur and other suburban lines, but not the three Metro Ligero de Madrid lines which are light rail.
- ^ The first line, later known as Green Line, was opened by stages during the 1950s, partly converting to metro operations prior rapid tram alignments. These included the oldest tunnel, built in 1933, which name (Tunnelbana) and symbol were bequeathed to the new system.
- ^ The Lausanne Metro has two lines: Line M1 is light rail, while Line M2 is rapid transit. The stats listed are for Line M2 only.
- ^ As of January 2020,[update] the number is 131 if the 12 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it's 119 if they're combined. Out-of-station transfers at Banqiao and Xinpu - Xinpu Minsheng, which require leaving paid area, are counted as 2 stations each; transfer stations that provide cross-platform interchange are anyway counted as a single stations (four in all: Ximen, CKS Memorial Hall, Guting and Dongmen stations).[322][323]
- ^ Opening of lines M2 and M3.
- ^ Extension to Gürsu.
- ^ Currently operational metro standards lines, M1–M7, only included. All other Istanbul lines or segments are either tram or commuter rail, or are under construction, and so are not included here.
- ^ As of November 2020,[update] the number is 104 if the 5 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 99 if they are combined.[336][337]
- ^ https://gulfnews.com/uae/transport/first-trip-on-dubais-route-2020-on-friday-1.76203588
- ^ London's Metropolitan Railway first opened for service in 1863, operating steam locomotive trains in cut and cover tunnels. It began operating as a modern metro when electric-propulsion trains began operating on the system's first deep-level tube line in 1890.
- ^ Includes MBTA's rapid transit lines only: Red Line, Orange Line and Blue Line.
- ^ The originally-elevated Orange Line opened in 1901, sharing the Tremont Street Subway that had opened in 1897 as an underground streetcar tunnel (for the light rail Green Line).
- ^ System contains many sections with grade crossings.
- ^ Dated from the opening of "The Loop", when the system became unified and electrified. However, the L first was electrified in 1895, when the Metropolitan West Side Elevated opened.
- ^ This figure comes from the sum of the following figures from the accompanying reference (i.e. "Facts at a Glance". Chicago Transit Authority. December 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2013.): 35.8 miles of elevated route, 35.0 miles at grade level, 20.6 miles on embankments, and 11.4 miles of subway.
- ^ a b Rapid transit B and D lines only. All other L.A. Metro Rail lines are light rail, and are not included here.
- ^ This was the date of the last extension to the Red Line in the rapid transit portion of Los Angeles' Metro Rail.
- ^ First regular elevated railway service, originally cable hauled, began in 1868. Elevateds converted to steam power in 1870, electrified by 1903. The first section of electrified subway opened in 1904.
- ^ The number is 423 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 472 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.[362]
- ^ While the line opened as a railroad in 1860, it was not until 1925 that rapid transit equipment would be operated here.
- ^ The last completely new stations were the current Newark and Harrison stations, which respectively replaced the Park Place and Harrison stations on a different alignment in 1937. According to PATH, its newest station is World Trade Center, which was completed in 2015 but replaced a previous station on the same site.
- ^ Includes SEPTA's rapid transit lines only: Broad Street Line (Orange Line), Market–Frankford Line (Blue Line) and Norristown High Speed Line.
- ^ Opening of the Bridge Line, the precursor rapid transit line to PATCO's, which ran between 8th Street in Philadelphia and Broadway in Camden. The current PATCO Speedline, with service through to Lindenwold, opened in 1969.[373]
- ^ BART's rapid transit lines only; the eBART line to Antioch and the Oakland International Airport (OAK) APM are excluded.
- ^ 47 rapid transit stations, plus three additional stations (two eBART and one AGT) within the system.
- ^ This figure excludes the eBART extension from Pittsburg/Bay Point to Antioch (9.2 miles) and the "BART to Oakland International Airport (OAK) elevated guideway" (3.2 miles).
- ^ The Circle Line was opened in 2020
- ^ Statistics presented here include the Los Teques Metro which functions as effectively a subsidiary and extension of the Caracas Metro.
- ^ a b By the end of 2014, Caracas Metro had a length of 54.03 km and 47 stations;[379] further 1.3 km was added with the single-station extension to Bello Monte in the following year.[380] Los Teques Metro contributes to the system’s total with 11.9 km in length and four stations.[381][382]
Ridership notes
- ^ This patronage figure is derived from OPAL trips (i.e. a tap-on/tap-off pair of the same OPAL card, including isolated tap-on or tap-off), non-OPAL ridership, as the users of some concessional cards or integrated tickets for events, is excluded.[R 5]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q All American Public Transportation Association (APTA) figures are derived from unlinked transit passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two passenger trips, transferring twice counts as three trips, etc.).
- ^ This ridership figure is the sum of the "Heavy Rail (HR)" and "Intermediate Rail (IR)" figures for Toronto from the APTA Ridership report – in other words, this figure includes ridership on the Line 3 Scarborough (RT) line which APTA considers to be "Intermediate Rail (IR)".
- ^ Counted in with Guangzhou's ridership figures.
- ^ Note that:
- annual ridership is derived from the sum of each month's "Monthly Total" for each year;
- the ridership includes "Domestic Service", "Airport Express" and "Cross-boundary";
- "Intercity, Light Rail & Bus" and "High Speed Rail (HSR)" are excluded from the counts.
- ^ Figure extrapolated from 3.6 million average daily boardings
- ^ Does not include ridership on the RER/Transilien (1407 million in 2019) and the Tramways (340 million).
- ^ This ridership figure is the sum of the two "Μετρό" figures (Γ1 line, or "Ηλεκτρικός", formerly ran by IASA and Γ2 - Γ3 lines, formerly ran by AMEL) from the OAΣA's 2018 Activity Report.
- ^ Figure extrapolated from 50 000 average daily boardings.
- ^ Figure extrapolated from 42 000 average daily boardings
- ^ 56.4 million including 4 Funicular lines
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Compared to European or North American systems, Japanese rapid transit systems are generally neither thought of as metros nor as completely subterranean "subways" complicating whether only using the municipal subway statistic is accurate when comparing with other Metros around the world. As example Tokyo Metro and the Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation's Toei Subway constitute only 22% of the 14.6 billion metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Tokyo (MLIT Yearly Statistics). In addition, when one considers intracity lines of JR East and private railway companies, Greater Tokyo (130 lines) has higher daily ridership than any other metropolitan area in the world with 14.6 billion passengers annually. The Osaka Municipal Subway also has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Osaka, constituting only 17.6% of Greater Osaka's 4.745 billion rail passengers annually in 2010. Including the municipal subway systems in both Kobe and Kyoto, the result still only comprises 22% of all rail travel in the Greater Osaka area with 1065.8 million passengers yearly (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For Greater Nagoya, the Nagoya Municipal Subway has only a minority share of all metropolitan railway ridership in Greater Nagoya constituting only 38% of Greater Nagoya's 1.095 billion rail passengers annually in 2010 (MLIT Yearly Statistics). For a complete list of urban rail systems in Japan with ridership statistics, see List of urban rail systems in Japan.
- ^ This ridership figure includes the Busan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit ridership in the total.
- ^ This figure counts only gate-passers, so it only includes Seoul Metro and Seoul Subway Line 9 riders. Other lines that function as separate systems within the greater Seoul urban rail network are excluded.
- ^ Ridership is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, transferring between three lines counts as three trips, etc.).
- ^ This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips (수송인원, boarding and transfer passengers) on the five lines (Gwacheon/Ansan, Bundang, Ilsan and Suin) from the accompanying reference. Overall, Korail metro/commuter lines in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMESRS) carry 1,189 million passengers annually (2019).
- ^ This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips (수송인원, boarding and transfer passengers) on the two sections (Phase 1 and Phase 2) of the line, from the accompanying reference.
- ^ This figure includes in full the ridership on Amstelveen Line until March 2019, when route 51 was curtailed at Zuid Station.
- ^ This figure is the sum of the passenger ridership on the two LRTA lines, L1 and L2, from the accompanying reference; it is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, etc.).
- ^ Ridership figure is for rapid transit Line M2 only; ridership on the light rail M1 line is excluded.
- ^ This ridership figure is obtained by the average per day ridership monthly figures from the BEM's 2020 Ridership Report.
- ^ This ridership figure is the sum of the total annual trips on the metro lines M1–M7, from the accompanying reference; it is based on unlinked passenger trips (i.e. a transfer between two lines counts as two trips, etc.).
- ^ Does not include ridership on the separate Docklands Light Railway (117 million), London Overground (187 million), Tramlink or National Rail systems within Greater London.
- ^ L.A. Metro's heavy rail lines, the Red and Purple Lines, only.
References
System references
- ^ "World Metro Figures 2018 – Statistic Brief" (PDF). Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP) (International Association of Public Transport). September 2018. p. 1. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ^ a b c "A brief history of the Underground – London Underground milestones". Transport for London. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
- ^ "The Metro: an opportunity for sustainable development in large cities" (PDF). Union Internationale des Transports Publics (UITP) (International Association of Public Transport). November 2003. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
- ^ "What is the largest metro system in the world?". CityMetric. 5 September 2015. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 11 October 2015.
- ^ "Beijing subway trips top 10 million a day: official". www.ecns.cn. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
- ^ Chen, Huizhi (26 December 2020). "Shanghai adds 7,000th train to Metro fleet". shine.cn. Shanghai Daily. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Recommended basic reference for developing a minimum set of standards for voluntary use in the field of urban rail, according to mandate M/486" (PDF). UITP (L'Union internationale des transports publics/International Association of Public Transport). 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert (2007). "What is a metro?". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
- ^ a b c d e "Fact Book Glossary – Mode of Service Definitions". American Public Transportation Association. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "National Transit Database Glossary". U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Transit Administration. 18 October 2013. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
- ^ Balcombe, R., ed. (2004). "The demand for public transport: a practical guide" (PDF). Transport Research Laboratory. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
- ^ "Algiers metro dual extensions enter service". RATP Dev. 2 May 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ a b "Métro d'Alger: une grande part des études de réalisation des futures extensions livrées" [Algiers Metro: many of the feasibility studies of the future extensions delivered] (in French). Algérie Presse Service. 13 November 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
- ^ "Alger metro extensions open". Metro Report International. DVV Media International Ltd. 17 April 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
- ^ Barreiro, Ricardo (2015). 100 años bajo Buenos Aires – Historia de la Línea A [100 years under Buenos Aires – History of Line A] (in Spanish). Editorial Dunken. pp. 16, 30–31. ISBN 978-987-02-8141-2.
- ^ Solsona, Justo; Hunter, Carlos (December 1990). "El proyecto "subterraneo" de la Avenida de Mayo". La Avenida de Mayo: un proyecto inconcluso [Avenida de Mayo: an unfinished project] (in Spanish). Nobuko S.A. p. 254. ISBN 950-9575-34-8. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
- ^ "Inauguramos las estaciones Correo Central, Catalinas y Retiro de la Línea E". Buenos Aires Ciudad - Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ a b "Próximamente tres nuevas estaciones en la Línea E". Buenos Aires Ciudad - Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 June 2019.
- ^ a b c "Yerevan authorities negotiating new metro line projects with banks". ArmeniaNow.com. 27 March 2013. Archived from the original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
- ^ Charbakh, Schwandl, Robert. "Yerevan". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 8 January 2013.
- ^ a b c O'Sullivan, Matt; Saulwick, Jacob (27 May 2019). "It's been promised at every election for generations, but now it's a reality". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine Entertainment Co. Retrieved 9 June 2019.
- ^ "Funding secured: Sydney Metro to be a reality". Transport for NSW. 4 June 2015. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
- ^ a b "2017 Zahlen, Daten, Fakten – Unternehmen" [Company Profile – Figures, Data, Facts 2017] (PDF) (in German). Wiener Linien. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
- ^ Reidinger, Erwin (4 September 2017). "Vienna opens Line U1 extension". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
- ^ "40 Jahre U–Bahn: Eine Wiener Verkehrsrevolution" [40 years of UBahn: a Viennese transport revolution]. Die Presse (in German). "Die Presse" Verlags-Gesellschaft m.b.H. Co KG. 25 February 2018. slide 16. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d "History – Baku Metropolitan". Bakı Metropoliteni. Archived from the original on 28 December 2016.
- ^ a b История развития метрополитена [History of the metro]. Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
- ^ a b Метро сегодня [Metro today] (in Russian). Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
- ^ a b "40 years of Brussels Metro: The Lines of Life – Nodes of Exchanges". UITP – Union Internationale des Transports Publics. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "Activity Report 2011 – Figures & statistics '11" (PDF). STIB/MIVB. p. 2. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
- ^ a b "Empresa – História" [Company – History] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ^ "Operação – Linha em operação" [Operations – Line in operation] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Archived from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ^ "Operação – Dados operacionais" [Operations – Operational data] (in Portuguese). CBTU – METRÔ BH. Archived from the original on 21 August 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ^ "Sobre o metro – Memória" (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal – Metrô. 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2013. Retrieved 16 September 2013.
- ^ Germano Bastos Lopes, Camilla (7 January 2020). "Em fase de testes, nova estação do metrô é aberta" [In testing phase, new metro station is opened]. Jornal de Brasília (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 1 March 2020.
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As for the section opened after the end of 2019, see Roy, Subhajoy (14 February 2020). "First phase of East-West Metro unveiled". The Telegraph. Ananda Bazar Patrika (ABP) Group. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
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{{cite web}}:|last2=has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Metro's Aqua line connecting Noida to Greater Noida opens today, CM Yogi Adityanath to inaugurate". Hindustan Times. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2019.
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- ^ a b c "Middle East › Light Rail and Metro". Serco Group plc. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ a b c "Glasgow Subway – SPT – Corporate Information". Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT). 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2013.
- ^ Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan.
- ^ a b "About TfL – What we do – London Underground". Transport for London. Retrieved 4 June 2014.
- ^ a b c "About TfL – What we do – Docklands Light Railway". Transport for London. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ^ a b "Passenger focused works continue on Tyne and Wear Metro". McGinley Support Services Ltd. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
- ^ "'Travel free' offer as £3.2m station opens". Railnews. 16 April 2008. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
- ^ Schwandl, Robert (2015). Tram Atlas, Great Britain & Ireland. pp. 132–137. ISBN 978-3-936573-45-9.
- ^ a b "MARTA's Past and Future". Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA). Archived from the original on 3 January 2016. Retrieved 19 July 2013.
- ^ a b Department of Finance (22 December 2017). Hutchinson, Gordon (CFO) (ed.). "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017" (PDF). Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA). p. X. Retrieved 11 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f Neff, John; Dickens, Matthew (February 2017). "2016 Public Transportation Fact Book - Appendix A: Historical Tables" (pdf). APTA (American Public Transportation Association). p. 170. Retrieved 14 June 2020 – via Centre de documentation du Ministère des transports du Québec.
- ^ a b c Cassie, Ron (19 September 2016). "The Multi-Modal City: without the Red Line, can Baltimore still create a modern transportation system?". Baltimore. Rosebud Entertainment LLC. ISSN 0005-4453. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ Rosen, Andy (2 September 2014). "Assembly Station Orange Line stop now open". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
- ^ a b "About the T – Financials – Appendix: Statistical Profile" (PDF). MBTA. 2007. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
- ^ "RAPID TRANSIT IN CHICAGO – Remarkable Facilities Furnished by the Opening Last Week of the "Loop."". New York Times. 24 October 1897.
- ^ Hilkevitch, Jon (9 February 2015). "Long-awaited Cermak-McCormick Place Green Line station opens". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ a b "Facts at a Glance". Chicago Transit Authority. 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
- ^ a b "About RTA: History of Public Transit in Greater Cleveland". Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
- ^ a b "2013 Annual Report – RTA Facts". Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Facts at a Glance". Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA). Retrieved 25 March 2008.
- ^ "Miami-Dade County – Miami-Dade Transit – Miami-Dade Transit History". Miami-Dade County. 9 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- ^ a b "Miami-Dade County – Miami-Dade Transit – Metrorail". Miami-Dade County. 9 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- ^ a b c "The MTA Network – New York City Transit at a Glance". Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "New Second Avenue Subway Line Opening To The Public". CBS New York. 1 January 2017. Retrieved 1 January 2017.
- ^ a b "2018 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2017" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). 26 June 2019. p. 156. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
- ^ "MTA | news | Staten Island Railway Celebrates 1st New Station in 20 Years". www.mta.info. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
- ^ "MTA New York City Transit – Staten Island Railway Map". Archived from the original on 3 April 2014. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ "History – PATH – The Port Authority of NY & NJ". 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- ^ "Maps & Schedules – PATH – The Port Authority of NY & NJ". 2013. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
- ^ "Facts & Info – PATH – The Port Authority of NY & NJ". 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
- ^ a b "SEPTA Operating Facts Fiscal Year 2013" (PDF). SEPTA. 30 June 2013. pp. 4–6. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ "SEPTA Route Statistics 2014" (PDF). SEPTA Service Planning Department. 2014. pp. 9, 13, 221. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ "SEPTA – Media Guide" (PDF). SEPTA. 2013. pp. 7, 11. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ a b c d "PATCO – A History of Commitment". Port Authority Transit Corporation (PATCO). Retrieved 16 July 2013.
- ^ a b c "BART – System Facts". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
- ^ Gary, Jesse (12 June 2020). "BART service to Milpitas and Berryessa stations starts Saturday". KTVU Fox 2. Fox Television Stations, LLC. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ a b c "History". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
- ^ "Metro launches Silver Line, largest expansion of region's rail system in more than two decades" (Press release). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. 25 July 2014. Archived from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2014.
- ^ a b Rohde, Mike. "Tashkent". Metro Bits. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ^ a b "Sistema Metro" [Metro System] (in Spanish). C.A. Metro de Caracas. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016.
- ^ a b Barrow, Keith (9 November 2015). "Caracas opens metro Line 5". International Railway Journal. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Inc. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
- ^ "Metro Los Teques: 9 años conectando a Los Altos Mirandinos con Caracas" [Metro Los Teques: 9 years connecting Los Altos Mirandinos with Caracas]. Correo del Orinoco (in Spanish). 3 November 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
- ^ "Mapa de rutas" [Map of routes] (in Spanish). C.A. Metro de Caracas. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.
- ^ https://www.theasset.com/asia-connect/42195/china-harbour-engineering-begins-work-on-us4-billion-bogota-metro&ved=0ahUKEwiQ_f_o5ortAhVIiqwKHaodApYQxfQBCDQwAQ&usg=AOvVaw0MX43_4uqXHPWmli2gq_rT
- ^ https://www.railjournal.com/regions/middle-east/riyadh-metro-testing-progresses-with-first-lines-on-course-to-open-in-2021/
Ridership references
- ^ "Statistiques voyageur" [Passenger statistics] (in French). Entreprise Métro d'Alger. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
- ^ https://www.estadisticaciudad.gob.ar/eyc/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/TR_FSM_AX03.xlsx
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2019 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways in Year 2019] (PDF) (in Russian). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
- ^ "Public Transport Patronage". Transport for NSW. 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
- ^ "Metro Patronage – About the Data". Transport for NSW. 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
- ^ "Facts & Figures – Operating Data 2019" (PDF). Wiener Linien. June 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
- ^ "Statistics 2019" (PDF). STIB/MIVB. p. 2. Retrieved 6 June 2020 – via www.stib-mivb.be.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "RELATÓRIO DE GESTÃO 2018" [2018 Management Report] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). 31 December 2018. pp. 36–37. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- ^ "CARTA ANUAL 2020" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal — METRO-DF. 27 January 2020. p. 7. Retrieved 17 May 2020 – via www.metro.df.gov.br.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "Relatório de Gestão do Exercício de 2018" [Management Report of the 2018 period] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Empresa de Trens Urbanos de Porto Alegre S.A. – TRENSURB. 2019. p. 39. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
- ^ This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the two metro lines:
- as for the Linha Centro, see "Demanda anual de usuários da Linha Centro STU-REC" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- as for the Linha Sul, see "Demanda anual de usuários da Linha Sul STU-REC" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia Brasileira de Trens Urbanos (CBTU). Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- ^ "RELATÓRIO DE AMINISTRAÇÃO 2019" [Management Report 2019] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Concessão Metroviária do Rio de Janeiro S.A. 23 March 2020. p. 12. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via metrorio.ri.invepar.com.br.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ This annual ridership figure is the difference of those quoted as the system's overall ridership from the start of operations in June 2014:
- to the end of year 2019 (265 millions), see "Demonstrações Financeiras Referentes ao Exercício findo em 31 de Dezembro de 2019 e Relatório dos Auditores Independentes sobre as Demonstrações Financeiras" [Financial Statements for the Year ended on 31 December 2019 and ...] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metrô da Bahia. 16 March 2020. p. 3. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- to the end of year 2018 (152 millions), see "Demonstrações Financeiras Referentes ao Exercício findo em 31 de Dezembro de 2018 e Relatório dos Auditores Independentes sobre as Demonstrações Financeiras" [Financial Statements for the Year ended on 31 December 2018 and ...] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metrô da Bahia. 8 April 2019. p. 4. Retrieved 17 June 2019.
- ^ "Relatório Integrado 2019" [Integrated Report 2019] (PDF). www.metro.sp.gov.br (in Portuguese). Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo. p. 20. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
This ridership figure includes the ViaQuatro Line 4 and Via Mobilidade Line 5 ridership in the total.
- ^ Ilkova, A., ed. (29 May 2020). "Statistical Yearbook 2019" (PDF). www.nsi.bg. National Statistical Institute. p. 348. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Public Transportation Ridership Report - Fourth Quarter 2019" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association (APTA). 27 February 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2020 – via Ridership Report.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "Memoria Anual 2019" [2019 Annual Report] (PDF) (in Spanish). Metro de Santiago – Empresa de Transporte de Pasajeros Metro S.A. 26 March 2020. p. 17. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via www.metro.cl.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak 交通运输部发布2020年城市轨道交通运营数据 [The Ministry of Transport released 2020 urban rail transit operation data]. 中国交通新闻网 (China Transport News Website). 5 January 2021. Archived from the original on 5 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
- ^ "Ten-Year Statistics" (PDF). www.mtr.com.hk. MTR Corporation. 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "Investor's Information › Patronage Updates". MTR Corporation. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "Boletín Técnico Encuesta de Transporte Urbano de Pasajeros (ETUP) – IV trimestre de 2019" [Urban Passenger Transportation Survey (ETUP) technical bulletin] (PDF) (in Spanish). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). 28 February 2020. p. 13. Retrieved 25 April 2020 – via www.dane.gov.co.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "Výroční Zpráva 2019" [Annual Report 2019] (PDF) (in Czech). Prague: Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy (DPP). April 2020. p. 26. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Metroens passagertal" [Ridership figures of the metro] (in Danish). Metroselskabet. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ "Informe Trimestral de Evolución de la Demanda – Octubre - Diciembre 2020" [Quarterly Report on the Evolution of Demand – October - December 2020] (PDF) (in Spanish). Oficina para el Reordenamiento de Transporte (OPRET). 6 January 2021. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the rapid transit lines
- ^ "A look at the Cairo metro system". The National. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
- ^ "HKL Annual Report 2019" (PDF). Helsinki City Transport (HKL). p. 5. Retrieved 1 February 2021 – via www.hel.fi.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ a b c d e f "Rapport annuel sur le parc, le trafic et les événements d'exploitation des métros et du RER (hors RFN) pour l'année 2019" (PDF) (in French). STRMTG - Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés. 21 December 2020. p. 10. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
- ^ "Zahlenspiegel 2020" [Company facts and figures 2020] (PDF) (in German). Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG). 31 December 2019. p. 3. Retrieved 12 August 2020 – via Media downloads.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "HOCHBAHN Unternehmensbericht 2019" [HOCHBAHN Corporate Report 2019] (pdf) (in German). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. p. 50. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "MVG in figures" (pdf). Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG). November 2020. p. 2. Retrieved 24 November 2020 – via www.mvg.de.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "Verbundbericht 2019" [VGN Report 2019] (pdf) (in German). Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg (VGN). p. 42. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ Έκθεση Πεπραγμένων 2018 [2018 Activity Report] (PDF) (in Greek). OAΣA - Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Αθηνών [Athens Urban Transport Organisation]. p. 20. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
- ^ "Tables (STADAT) - Time series of annual data - Urban passenger transport (2001–2019)". Központi Statisztikai Hivatal [Central Statistics Bureau]. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020 – via [1].
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "Namma Metro, 14th Annual Report 2019-20" (PDF). Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. 29 October 2020. p. 13. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ "6.08 crore passengers have travelled in Chennai Metro Rail from 29th June 2015 to 31st December 2019" (PDF) (Press release). Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL). 29 January 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ "Annual Report 2017-18" (PDF). DMRC. 28 September 2018. p. 3. Retrieved 7 March 2019 – via www.delhimetrorail.com.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/phase-2-adds-only-15k-daily-riders-to-rapid-metro/articleshow/64021973.cms
- ^ "Hyderabad Metro reaches 30-million ridership". Times of India. 16 November 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
- ^ "Jaipur Metro, 9th Annual Report 2017-18" (PDF). JMRC - Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. 8 October 2018. p. 7. Retrieved 21 August 2019 – via http://transport.rajasthan.gov.in/content/transportportal/en/metro/Aboutus/annual-reports.html.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "Metro rides success wave, 1.65 crore passengers commute in 2019". The New Indian Express. Express Publications Ltd. 1 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2020.
- ^ "Indian Railways, monthly evaluation report up to March '20" (PDF). Ministry of Railways (Railway Board), Government of India. p. 10. Retrieved 24 November 2020. (Fiscal year ends on March, 31)
- ^ Manthan K Mehta (1 May 2018). "Metro gets 40 crore riders within 4 years, beats others in commuter growth". The Times of India. The Times Group - Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ^ "Lebih Dari 9,9 juta Orang Gunakan MRT Jakarta Sepanjang 2020" [More than 9.9 million people used Jakarta MRT throughout 2020] (in Indonesian). PT MRT Jakarta. 5 January 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "قطارشهری مشهد 29 اسفند تا 3 بامداد اول فروردین فعال خواهد بود/ جابجایی مسافر توسط خط دو قطارشهری طی". metro.mashhad.ir. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
- ^ "کدام شهرهای کشور مترو دارند؟ (Jan 29 2019)". www.isna.ir. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
- ^ کارنامه 28ماه متروی تهران.
- ^ "Trasporto Pubblico Locale" (PDF). comune.brescia.it (in Italian). Città di Brescia. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
- ^ "Metro di Catania, nel 2018 quasi sei milioni di passeggeri: +68% rispetto all'anno precedente" [Catania Metro, almost six million passengers in 2018: +68% compared to the previous year]. catania.mobilita.org (in Italian). Mobilità Catania. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ^ http://www.unlibroamilano.it/la-metropolitana-piu-affollata-ditalia-la-classifica-tutti-numeri-delle-principali-citta/
- ^ "Bilancio Consolidato del Gruppo ATM e Bilancio di Esercizio di ATM S.p.A. 2019" (PDF) (in Italian). Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) SpA. April 2020. p. 32. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Carta della Mobilità 2020" (PDF) (in Italian). ANM - Azienda Napoletana Mobilità SpA. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ Filippi, Pier Paolo (25 August 2019). "L'Atac perde passeggeri, via uno su 5 in dieci anni: "Troppi guasti e incendi"" [Atac loses passengers, one in five in ten years: «Too many breakdowns and fires»]. Il Messaggero (in Italian). Caltagirone Editore. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ Ricca, Jacopo (13 March 2019). "Due minuti e 17 secondi, torna alla normalità la metropolitana di Torino" [Two minutes and 17 seconds, Turin Metro goes back to normal]. la Repubblica (in Italian). GEDI Gruppo Editoriale S.p.A. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 令和２年度 地下鉄事業の現況 [FY2020 Current status of subway business] (PDF). Chikatetsu Jigyo No Genkyo (in Japanese). 一般社団法人 日本地下鉄協会 [Japan Subway Association]. October 2020. ISSN 2188-0786. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
- ^ 交通局の予算・決算について [About accounting and budget of Transportation Bureau] (in Japanese). 大阪市営交通局 [Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau]. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
Annual ridership figure is calculated from the 2378229 passenger daily average quoted for metro lines (高速鉄道) only.
- ^ a b "関東交通広告協議会 各社・各駅・乗降人員・通貨人員・輸送人員（2019年度1日平均）" (PDF). 関東交通広告協議会. October 2020.
- ^ 令和元年度決算の概要 [Summary of FY2019 financial results] (PDF). www.twr.co.jp (in Japanese). Tokyo Waterfront Area Rapid Transit .Inc. 12 June 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
Annual ridership figure is calculated from the 259468 passenger daily average quoted.
- ^ Метрополитен Алматы в 2019 году увеличил пассажиропоток на 10,1% [Almaty Metro increased passenger traffic by 10.1% in 2019]. inbusiness.kz (in Russian). Media Holding «Atameken Business». 16 January 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Michael Rohde. "Pyongyang – metrobits.org". Mic-ro.com. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
- ^ a b c d e 연도별 도시철도 수송실적 [Urban railway yearly transportation performance]. www.index.go.kr (in Korean). 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Seoul Metropolitan Subway Transportation Statistics" (in Korean). City of Seoul. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020. (You can select English from the language dropdown that reads "한국어")
- ^ a b 2019 Statistical Yearbook of Railroad (pdf) (Report) (in Korean). Vol. vol. II 지역간철도 [Urban railway] (57 ed.). Korea Railroad corp. (KORAIL). 31 August 2020. pp. 534–535 – via info.korail.com.
{{cite report}}:|volume=has extra text (help); External link in|via= - ^ "Bilangan Penumpang Bagi Perkhidmatan Pengangkutan Rel, 2020" [Number of Passengers for Rail Transport Services, 2020] (PDF) (in Malay and English). Ministry of Transport, Malaysia. 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021 – via Quarterly Statistics of Rail Transport.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via=This ridership figure is the sum of those quoted for the rapid transit lines
- ^ "Afluencia de estación por línea 2019" (in Spanish). Metro CDMX. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Banco de Información Económica – Comunicaciones y transportes > Principales características del sistema de transporte colectivo Metrorrey > Pasajeros transportados" (in Spanish). Instituto Nacional De Estadística Y Geografía (INEGI). 15 February 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2020
- ^ "Jaarverslag 2019" [2019 Annual Report] (pdf) (in Dutch). GVB Holding NV. p. 42. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ "Nog meer metro's in spits op Randstadrail" [Even more metro trains in rush hour on Randstadrail]. RTV Rijnmond (in Dutch). 30 March 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ "Nøkkeltall" [Key figures] (in Norwegian). Ruter As. 22 April 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ "Demanda Mensual Red de Metro" [Monthly Demand for the Metro Network] (in Spanish). El Metro de Panamá, S.A. January 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2021 – via www.elmetrodepanama.com.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via=This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2020
- ^ "Pasajeros Transportados en la Línea 1" (in Spanish). Autoridad Autónoma del Sistema Eléctrico de Transporte. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
- ^ "2019 Annual Report" (PDF). www.lrta.gov.ph. Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA). August 2020. p. 43. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Balinbin, Arjay L. (24 January 2020). "MRT-3 ticket sales, rider count further fall as repairs continue". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Raport Roczny 2019" [Annual report 2019] (PDF). Metro Warszawskie Sp. z o.o. 2020. p. 13. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ^ "Metro em números" [Metro in numbers] (in Portuguese). Metropolitano de Lisboa E.P.E. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Activity Report 2019" (pdf). Metrorex S.A. p. 36. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
- ^ Метрополитен в цифрах [Metro in figures]. www.mosmetro.ru (in Russian). Моско́вский метрополите́н. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
- ^ "Bus, train ridership rises to new high". The Straits Times. 13 February 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
Annual ridership figure calculated from the 3.384 million passenger daily average quoted.
- ^ "Basic data 2020" (pdf). Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). Retrieved 17 May 2020.
- ^ "Metro in figures › Demand". Metro Bilbao S.A. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
- ^ "Evolución de la demanda – Cierre año 2019" [Evolution of demand – End of 2019] (PDF) (in Spanish). Metro de Madrid S.A. 29 January 2020. p. 2. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
- ^ Annual Report 2018 › Business Review - Mainland of China and International Businesses (PDF) (Report). MTR Corporation Ltd. 2019. p. 86. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
- ^ "Rapport d'activité 2019" [2019 activity report] (PDF) (in French). Transports publics de la région lausannoise (tl). May 2020. p. 23. Retrieved 27 June 2020 – via Rapport d’activité.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ 統計資料 高雄捷運 [Statistics – Kaohsiung MRT] (in Chinese). Kaohsiung Rapid Transit Corp. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2019
- ^ "Ridership Counts". Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation. 16 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2019
- ^ 統計資料 [Statistics] (in Chinese). Taoyuan Metro Corporation. 17 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
This ridership figure is derived from the sum of the twelve monthly subtotals for 2019
- ^ "Across boundaries – Annual Report 2019/20" (PDF). BTS Group Holdings Public Company Ltd. 19 June 2020. p. 43. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Ridership". bemplc.co.th. Bangkok Expressway and Metro Public Company Ltd. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ "Loading..." www.rayturk.net. Archived from the original on 31 December 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ Yilmaz, Murat (17 February 2021). "Toplu taşımada salgın etkisi" [Epidemic effect in public transport]. Ankara Haberleri [Ankara News]. Hürriyet (in Turkish). Demirören Group. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
- ^ Bursa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Basın Koordinasyon Merkezi. "ÜNİVERSİTE ETABINDA SEFERLER BAŞLIYOR". bursa.bel.tr.
- ^ "Yıllara Göre Hat Bazlı Aylık Yolcu Sayıları" [Number of Monthly Passengers by Line and by Years] (PDF) (in Turkish). Metro İstanbul A.Ş. p. 2. Retrieved 18 February 2021 – via Yolcu İstatistikleri.
{{cite web}}: External link in|via= - ^ "İzmir'de metro ve tramvay 2019'da 140 milyon yolcu taşıdı" [Metro and tram in İzmir carried 140 million passengers in 2019]. www.izmir.bel.tr (in Turkish). İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi [İzmir Metropolitan Municipality]. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- ^ Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode] (PDF). www.dneprstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kh.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Retrieved 6 June 2020.(You can select English from the language dropdown)
- ^ Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode] (pdf). kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
- ^ "Over 340 million riders used mass transit means, shared transport, taxis in 2020 despite COVID-19 challenges". Emirates News Agency (WAM). 17 February 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2021.
- ^ "Annual Report 2019/20". Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT). 8 September 2020. p. 12. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
- ^ a b "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts 2019/20" (PDF). Transport for London. August 2020. p. 73. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
- ^ "Annual Accounts for the year ended 31 March 2020" (PDF). NEXUS - Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive (TWPTE). November 2020. p. 5. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "Subway and bus ridership for 2019". Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
- ^ https://www.metrodecaracas.com.ve/?p=11780[permanent dead link]
- ^ https://www.metrodecaracas.com.ve/?p=10367[permanent dead link]
Under construction system references
- ^ "Metro rail, BRT projects inaugurated - Dhaka Tribune". archive.dhakatribune.com. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ "2017 in review : Will people see Padma bridge take shape in 2018?". Dhaka Tribune. 24 December 2017.
- ^ "云轨". www.freezepage.com/. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "广安云轨还通不通车？". www.freezepage.com/. 14 September 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ^ "桂林"云轨"线路首段中央公园站-会展中心站段开工". 广西新闻网. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020.
- ^ a b "金华：轨道交通金义段力争2021年通车--浙江频道--人民网". zj.people.com.cn. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ "金义东市域轨道交通工程首批标段今日开工". Zhejiang News. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
- ^ "Luoyang metro construction begins quietly". Henan Daily News. 10 January 2017. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
- ^ 奋战100天！1号线凤林路站进入车站主体施工阶段 [Fight for 100 days! Line 1 Fenglin Road Station enters the main construction stage]. 浙江在线 [Zhejiang Online] (in Chinese). 24 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ a b "The latest developments of Wuhu Rail Transit, Line 1 and Line 2 to be put into operation in 2020" 芜湖轨道交通最新进展，1号线、2号线2020年投入运营. 搜狐. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Funding approved for Quito metro". Railway Gazette International. 18 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ Briginshaw, David (11 April 2013). "Quito invites bids to equip first metro line". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ^ "El Metro entrará a operar entre marzo y abril del 2020" [The Metro will start operating between March and April 2020]. elcomercio.com (in Spanish). 24 May 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ "Construction of Thessaloniki Metro". Attiko Metro SA. 3 July 2013. Archived from the original on 27 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2013.
- ^ https://www.kathimerini.gr/1054592/article/epikairothta/ellada/ton-aprilio-toy-2023-etoimo-to-metro-8essalonikhs.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ a b https://www.livemint.com/news/india/bhopal-indore-metro-state-government-signs-mou-1566298463293.html.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Pune Metro to operate at full steam in 2021, says Maha-Metro chief". hindustantimes.com/. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2018.
- ^ "نمیتوان پیشبینی کرد متروی اهواز کی افتتاح میشود". ایسنا (in Persian). 25 June 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
- ^ "باشگاه خبرنگاران جوان گزارش میدهد؛ قطار شهری کرج و رویای افتتاح/پروژهای که 10 ساله شد و به ایستگاه پایانی نرسید". 28 June 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Karaj Subway Closer to Launch". Financial Tribune. 26 December 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "پول باشد، قطار شهری کرمانشاه سال 1401 افتتاح میشود". 16 June 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ "Untitled Page". www7.irna.ir. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
- ^ "Qom's mayor announced completion of 1st phase of metro by early next year". Qom news. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ https://www.yeclo.com/metro-dabidjan-ligne-1-mise-en-service-prevue-pour-2023-voici-la-fiche-technique/
- ^ Binaté, Christian (28 April 2019). "Métro d'Abidjan ligne 1 - Mise en service prévue pour 2023 : voici la fiche technique". YECLO.com (in French). Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ О компании [About Us] (in Russian). Челябметрострой. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2014.
- ^ СМИ: метро в Челябинске достроят за 80 млрд рублей (in Russian). Komsomolskaya Pravda, Chelyabinsk. 24 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Groundbreaking ceremony launches construction of Riyadh metro". Railway Gazette International. DVV Media Group Ltd. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "Riyadh Metro to open in two phases". Meed. 2 October 2019. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
- ^ Smith, Glenn (20 April 2012). "Taiwan: transit in transition". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "Taichung awards turnkey metro contract". Railway Gazette International. 21 March 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ Cheng, Ching-Tse (17 November 2020). "Japanese manufacturer apologizes for Taichung MRT train malfunction". Taiwan News. I-Mei Foods Co. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
- ^ "Work begins on Gebze metro". Metro Report International. 5 October 2018. Archived from the original on 25 August 2019. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ a b "EIB supports Hanoi metro". Railway Gazette International. 5 October 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ a b Hosomi, Akira (20 April 2012). "Vietnam's first metro projects take shape". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ a b c "Ho Chi Minh City selects underground contractors". Railway Gazette International. 26 July 2014. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
Sources
Bibliography
- Vuchic, Vukan R. (2007). Urban Transit Systems and Technology. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-75823-5.
- Ovenden, Mark (2005). Metro Maps Of The World. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-288-7.
- Hinkel, W.; Treiber, K.; Valenta, G.; Liebsch, H. (2004). Underground Railways Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow. Schmid Verlag. ISBN 3-900607-44-3.
- Fischler, Stan (2000). Subways Of The World. MBI. ISBN 0-7603-0752-0.
- Garbutt, Paul (1997). World Metro Systems. Capital Transport. ISBN 1-85414-191-0.
Online resources
- "Metros: Keeping pace with 21st century cities". uitp.org. International Association of Public Transport (French: L'Union internationale des transports publics (UITP)). 8 May 2014.
- Taplin, Michael. "A world of trams and urban transit". lrta.org. Light Rail Transit Association. Archived from the original on 8 October 2007. Retrieved 6 November 2007.
- Schwandl, Robert. "UrbanRail.Net". UrbanRail.Net.
External links
- "Metro, light rail and tram systems in Europe" (PDF). European Rail Research Advisory Council & International Association of Public Transport (French: L'Union internationale des transports publics (UITP)). 2009.
- "Public Transportation Fact Book". American Public Transportation Association (APTA). 2014. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- European Metropolitan Transport Authorities (EMTA)
- Metro List at CityRailTransit.com website
- Openstreetmap subway project