Fushun
Fushun
抚顺 | |
|---|---|
| 抚顺市 | |
.png) Location of Fushun in Liaoning | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Liaoning |
| Districts and Counties | List
|
| Government | |
| • CPC Fushun | Committee Secretary |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 11,271 km2 (4,352 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 713 km2 (275 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 2,138,090 |
| • Density | 190/km2 (490/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,340,205 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 24 |
| Website | http://www.fushun.gov.cn http://www.fsgs.gov.cn |
Template:Contains Chinese text
Fushun (simplified Chinese: 抚顺; traditional Chinese: 撫順; pinyin: Fǔshùn) is a city in Liaoning, China, about 45 km east from Shenyang, with a population about 2,138 090 inhabitants at the 2010 census and an area of 11,271 km2, including 713 km2 of the city proper. Fushun is situated on the Hun He ("muddy river"). It was formerly called Fouchouen in French. The film The Lover starring Tony Leung Ka Fai described a love story between a young French woman and a young man from Fouchouen. The city was occupied by Russia until 1905 and by Japan until 1945.
Fushun is a highly industrialized area. It has developed as a thriving center for fuel, power and raw materials but is also offering more and more opportunities in textiles and electronics. It is connected by rail with nearby Shenyang and with Dalian. The world's largest artificial pit, known as the Magnificent West Pit, is located not far from the downtown. It is an open-pit coal mine, being in operation since about the 12th century. Fushun has a major aluminum-reduction plant and factories making automobiles, machinery, chemicals, cement, and rubber.
Population
Fushun has 2.14 million inhabitants, including 1.34 million in the urban area. It's now part of Shenyang - Fushun built up area (all urban and suburban districts of Shenyang and Fushun) which is home to 6,756,379 inhabitants in 2010. This makes Shenyang - Fushun the 8th built up area in China after Pearl River Delta city (including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Jiangmen, Zhongshan and Huizou built up areas), Shanghai - Suzhou, Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou - Shaoxing, Wuhan and Nanjing.
Administrative divisions
Fushun consists of 4 districts, 1 county and 2 autonomous counties.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) |
| 1 | Shuncheng District | 顺城区 | Shùnchéng Qū | 400,000 | 277 | 1,444 |
| 2 | Xinfu District | 新抚区 | Xīnfǔ Qū | 290,000 | 30 | 9,667 |
| 3 | Dongzhou District | 东洲区 | Dōngzhōu Qū | 350,000 | 192 | 1,823 |
| 4 | Wanghua District | 望花区 | Wànghuā Qū | 370,000 | 214 | 1,729 |
| 5 | Fushun County | 抚顺县 | Fǔshùn Xiàn | 190,000 | 2,350 | 81 |
| 6 | Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County |
新宾满族自治县 | Xīnbīn Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn |
310,000 | 4,287 | 72 |
| 7 | Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County |
清原满族自治县 | Qīngyuán Mǎnzú Zìzhìxiàn |
340,000 | 3,921 | 87 |
Communication and transport
Fushun is only 40 km away from Shenyang Taoxian airport. Railways and highways connect the city to Shenyang and Jilin Province. The seaports of Dalian and Yingkou are also located very close, 400 and 200 km away respectively, with good highway connections.
Resources
Fushun is rich in many types of resources including wood, coal, oil shale, iron, copper, magnesium, gold, marble, titanium, and marl. Hydraulic and thermal power is also an important locally available resource.
Fushun is known as "the capital of coal". The main coal and oil shale company is Fushun Mining Group, which produces about 6 million tons of coal per year, mainly blending coking coal and steam coal.[1][2] The company has also coalbed methane resources around of 8.9 billion cubic meters.[2] In addition, it owns geological reserve for high grade oil shale about 3.5 billion tons, of which exploitable reserve is 920 million tons.
Notable figures
Lei Feng, who was a soldier enshrined in new China history after 1949, died in this city. There is a memorial park named after him in Fushun's Wanghua District.
Li Xianglan, also known as Yoshiko Otaka or Shirley Yamaguchi, was a famous China-born ethnic Japanese singer and movie star from the 1930s.
Wang Nan, famous table-tennis sportswoman, who has won many gold medals in the world.
Sawyer Teng, a famous English blogger with the pen name XiLing. He won a couple of national English speaking titles in China too and used to be professional footballer in Fushun.
Puyi, the last Emperor of China, spent ten years in a Fushun War Criminals Management Centre.
Education
The highest-ranked institution of higher education is the Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, ranked 123rd in China overall.
Fushun No.2 High School and Fushun No.1 High School are best High Schools in Liaoning Province.
Requirements for post-secondary schools are very high. Students are expected to pass a certain grade minimum to continue pursuing individual careers.
And the elementary school called Experiment Elementary School(实验小学) which is near by Fushun Labor Park is excellent in this city.
Economy
Statistically, the total GDP of the city of Fushun is 54.27 Billion yuan in year 2009 (ranked 4th out of the 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province). The GDP per capita of the city of Fushun is 40391 yuan in 2009. (ranked 21st out of all 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).[3]
Industrial development
(larger western part is Shenyang, eastern part is Fushun, Landsat 5, 2010-09-29)
Fushun has developed through the utilization of the abundant natural mineral deposits found in the area and is a nationally important heavy industrial base for petroleum, chemical, metallurgy machinery and construction material industries. New sectors also becoming prominent are electronics, light industry, weaving and spinning.
In 1928, the commercial-scale production of shale oil began in Fushun with the construction of the "南满铁道株式会社抚顺炭矿临时制油工场建设事务所",aka, "西制油“，(”western refinery“), operating Fushun-type retorts.[4] After World War II, shale oil production ceased, but 100 Fushun-type oil shale retorts and the related shale oil processing units were restored in 1949.[5] In 1950,a total of 266 retorts were in operation, each with the capacity of 100–200 tonnes shale oil per day.[4] In 1954, the "Refinery No. 2" began its production and in 1959, maximum annual shale oil production increased to 780,000 tonnes.[4][5]
From 1965 oil shale usage in Fushun started to decline.[6] With the discovery of Da Qing oil field in 1960s, Sinopec, a shale oil producer during these times, shut down its oil shale operations in the beginning of the 1990s.[5] At the same time, the Fushun Oil Shale Retorting Plant was established as a part of the Fushun Mining Group. It started production in 1992. In the same year,the China National Oil Shale Association was established in Fushun.[5]
At the end of 2006, the Fushun Mining Group operated the largest shale oil plant in the world consisting of seven retorting units with 20 retorts in each unit, total 140 sets of Fushun type retort.[6][7]
There are also two oil refineries. Fushun Petrochemical Company, a subsidiary of PetroChina, is building a refining and petrochemical complex in Fushun.[8]
Tourism
Fushun is a famous tourist centre in Northeast China. With high mountains and thick woods giving 40% forest coverage, the city has a developed strong tourist industry. Houshi National Forest Park, about 55 km from Fushun city centre, is rated by the central government as an AAAA tourist attraction. Saer Hu Scenic Area covers some 268 square kilometres. Within this lies the 110 square kilometre, Dahuofang Reservoir, which is the largest man-made lake in Northeast China.
There are a number of historic and cultural sites within the area. Fushun's recent success in applying for two World Heritage sites will surely attract more tourists. Within Fushun is the origin of the Qing Dynasty, at a site known as Xingjing City. It was the first capital of the Late Jin dynasty dating to 1616. Beside the ancient city are the Yongling tombs containing several members of the royal household. Both of these are now UNESCO listed.
In more recent times, Fushun was where Lei Feng was stationed as a soldier and died, and a memorial museum telling his life story is a poplar attraction. It was also in Fushun that the last emperor, Puyi, was imprisoned after the end of the second world war. The prison building is now converted into a museum. Another war memorial, the Pingdingshan Tragedy Memorial Hall Ruins tells the story of a massacre of Chinese people by the Japanese in 1931.It was rebuilt in2007 and the size of this memorial was expanded.You can see a pit full of about 800 bodies.All these victims including infants,adults,old people were cruelly killed by Japanese.
In addition, Red River Valley in Fushun has became a resort for entertainment especially in summer. Tourists can drift in the river by crafts. It is called' the first drifting in northern China'.
Sports
It used to be home of the Chinese Super League (soccer) team of Liaoning FC at Leifeng Stadium, however the team could not afford rent at the Leifeng Stadium so it moved to Beijing, where it now plays out of Chaolai Soccer Base in the northeastern part of that city.
Also there is a superior table tennis sports woman, Wang Nan, who is among the top in the world.
References
- ^ Qian, Jialin; Wang, Jianqiu; Li, Shuyuan (2003). "Oil Shale Development in China" (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal. 20 (3). Estonian Academy Publishers: 356–359. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ a b
"Investment Opportunities in Coal Mine Methane Projects in Fushun Mining Area" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. October 2001. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Liaoning Statistical Yearbook. []. 2009.
- ^ a b c
"Shale oil: Perspective with China focus" (PDF). Intelligence Dynamics. 2007-03-07. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)[dead link] Cite error: The named reference "id" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ a b c d
Qian, Jialin (2006). Oil Shale Activity in China (PDF). 26th Oil Shale Symposium; Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
{{cite conference}}: Unknown parameter|co-authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b Purga, Jaanus (2004). "Today's rainbow ends in Fushun" (PDF). Oil Shale. A Scientific-Technical Journal. 21 (34). Estonian Academy Publishers: 269–272. Retrieved 2008-12-14. [dead link]
- ^ Yin, Liang (2006-11-07). Current status of oil shale industry in Fushun, China (PDF). Amman, Jordan: International Oil Shale Conference. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
- ^ "PetroChina Fushun Petrochemical Company , China". SPG Media Limited. Retrieved 2008-12-14.
External links
