List of next general elections
This is a list of the next general elections around the world in democratic polities. The general elections listed are for the government of each jurisdiction. These elections determine the Prime Minister and makeup of the legislature in a parliamentary democracy, or the president and then the legislature in a system where separate votes are taken for different tiers of government.
In most jurisdictions, general elections are held between every three to five years,[1] with presidential elections sometimes attaining 6 (Mexico, Russia since a 2008 amendment) or 7 years (France's septennat until 2000).
A country's constitution may give elections a fixed timing (i.e. United States, Switzerland, Sweden), while some allow the government to dissolve Parliament and call a new vote up to a certain time limit (United Kingdom, Israel, Japan). Some constitutions may require Parliaments to elect the Head of State under threat of dissolution (Greece). In most countries the election for the representative assembly determines the government.
All countries in the Americas which directly elect their President, hold the Presidential and the legislative election at the same time. However, most countries in Europe split these elections and schedule them at different times.
International standards set a number of rules to judge whether the election is unfair. Some countries hold staged elections, but in most the election's outcome is the result of organized influence, as per social choice theory. Human rights violations include "compromise of the right to participate in government through free elections",[2] the right to freedom of association,[3] or the right to free expression.[4] Elections may also be unfair if unlawful political campaign financing favours particular interest groups, or if the law implicitly favors some through this means. Last but not least, media ownership may also create significant media bias.[5]
The National Democratic Institute also maintains a calendar of general elections.
List of next elections
Africa
- Eritrea and South Sudan have not held general elections since independence in 1991 and 2011, respectively.
Americas
Asia
Country | Parliamentary election | Presidential election | Fairness | Pop. (m) |
GDP ($bn) |
IHDI | In power now | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term | Last election | Next election | Term | Last election | Next election | ||||||
Afghanistan | 5 years | 20 October 2018 | 2023 | 5 years | 5 April 2014 | 28 September 2019 | no data | ||||
Bahrain | 4 years | 22 November 2018 | 2022 | — | no data | ||||||
Bangladesh | 5 years | 30 December 2018 | 2023 | 150.1 | 122 | .374 | Awami League | ||||
Bhutan | 5 years | 15 September 2018 | 2023 | — | .430 | ||||||
Burma | 5 years | 8 November 2015 | 2020 | no data | National League for Democracy | ||||||
Cambodia | 5 years | 29 July 2018 | July 2023 | — | .402 | Cambodian People's Party | |||||
Hong Kong | 4 years | 4 September 2016 | September 2020 | 7.1 | 243 | no data | Pro-Beijing camp | ||||
India | 5 years[16] | 11 April 2019 | 2024 | .392 | BJP | ||||||
Indonesia | 5 years | 9 April 2014 | April 2019 | 5 years | 9 July 2014 | April 2019 | Voter suppression | 237 | 946 | .514 | PDI-P |
Iran | 4 years | 26 February 2016 | 2020 | 4 years | 19 May 2017 | 2021 | 77.3 | 551 | no data | Reformists | |
Iraq | 4 years | 12 May 2018 | 2022 | Civil War | 31.1 | 150 | no data | ||||
Israel | 4 years | 9 April 2019 | October 2023 | 8.7 | 300 | .778[17] | Coalition: Likud, Kulanu, The Jewish Home, United Torah Judaism, Shas, Yisrael Beitenu | ||||
Japan | 4 years | 22 October 2017 | October 2021 | — | 126.6 | 5,150 | no data | Liberal Democratic | |||
Jordan | 20 September 2016 | 2020 | — | .568 | |||||||
Kazakhstan | 4 years | 20 March 2016 | 2020 | 26 April 2015 | 2020 | no data | |||||
Kuwait | 4 years | 26 November 2016 | October 2020 | — | no data | ||||||
Kyrgyzstan | 5 years | 4 October 2015 | 2020 | 6 years | 15 October 2017 | .516 | |||||
Laos | 5 years | 20 March 2016 | March 2021 | .409 | Lao People's Revolutionary Party | ||||||
Lebanon | 4 years | 6 May 2018 | 2022 | .575 | |||||||
Malaysia | 5 years | 9 May 2018 | May 2023 | — | Alleged fraud | 28.3 | 240 | no data | Pakatan Harapan | ||
Maldives | 5 years | 6 April 2019 | 2024 | 5 years | 23 September 2018 | 2023 | .515 | ||||
Mongolia | 4 years | 29 June 2016 | 2020 | 4 years | 26 June 2017 | June 2021 | 2.8 | 10 | .568 | Democrats | |
Nepal | 5 years | 26 November 2017 | November 2022 | 26.5 | 20 | .304 | Communist/Coal. | ||||
North Korea | 5 years | 10 March 2019 | 2024 | One candidate per seat, chosen by the governing party. No democratic choice. Widespread intimidation. |
WPK | ||||||
Oman | 4 years | 25 October 2015 | October 2019 | — | Absolute monarchy. Elections to a Consultative Assembly only. Political parties are prohibited. |
(no political parties; no responsible government) | |||||
Pakistan | 5 years | 25 July 2018 | 2023 | Violence, alleged tampering | 182.5 | 230 | .356 | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf | |||
Palestinian Territory | 25 January 2006 | 9 January 2005 | no data | ||||||||
Philippines | 3 years | 9 May 2016 | May 2019 | 6 years | 9 May 2016 | May 2022 | Violence, voter suppression | 98.2 | 284 | .524 | Liberal |
Singapore | 5 years | 11 September 2015 | 2020 | 6 years | 13 September 2017 | 5.3 | 270 | no data | PAP | ||
Korea | 4 years | 13 April 2016 | April 2020 | 5 years | 9 May 2017 | 2022 | 50.0 | 1,259 | .758 | Democratic Party of Korea | |
Sri Lanka | 6 years | 17 August 2015 | August 2021 | 5 years | 8 January 2015 | January 2020 | 20.2 | 65 | .643 | National Unity Government (UNP and UPFA) | |
Syria | 4 years | 13 April 2016 | April 2020 | 7 years | 3 June 2014 | 2021 | Civil War | .515 | |||
Republic of China (Taiwan) | 4 years | 16 January 2016 | January 2020 | 4 years | 16 January 2016 | January 2020 | 23.3 | 473 | no data | DPP | |
Tajikistan | 5 years | 1 March 2015 | 2020 | 7 years | 6 November 2013 | 2020 | .507 | ||||
Thailand | 4 years | 24 March 2019 | 2023 | — | Military interference | 66.7 | 425 | .543 | NCPO | ||
East Timor | 5 years | 22 July 2017 | 2022 | 5 years | 20 March 2017 | .386 | |||||
Turkey | 5 years | 24 June 2018 | 2023 | 5 years | 24 June 2018 | 2023 | Political suppression[18], voter fraud[19], military interference[20] |
75.6 | 774 | .542 | AKP |
Turkmenistan | 5 years | 25 March 2018 | March 2023 | 7 years | 12 February 2017 | 2024 | no data | ||||
Uzbekistan | 5 years | 21 December 2014 | December 2019 | 5 years | 4 December 2016 | 2021 | .551 | ||||
Vietnam | 5 years | 22 May 2016 | 2021 | .531 | Communist Party of Vietnam | ||||||
Yemen | 6 years | 27 April 2003 | 21 February 2012 | Yemeni Crisis, Civil War | .310 |
- Brunei, China, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates do not hold general elections
Europe
Country | Parliamentary election | Presidential election | Fairness | Pop. (m) |
GDP ($bn) |
IHDI | In power now | Status of executive party(s) in legislature | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term | Last election | Next election | Term | Last election | Next election | |||||||||
Andorra | 4 Years | 7 April 2019 | 2023 | — | ||||||||||
Armenia | 5 years | 2 April 2017 | April 2022 | 5 years | 2 March 2018 | 2025 | 3.3 | 10 | .649 | RPA, ARF | Majority Coalition | |||
Austria | 5 years | 15 October 2017 | October 2022 | 6 years | 24 April 2016 | 2022 | 8.5 | 418 | .837 | ÖVP, FPÖ | Majority Coalition | |||
Azerbaijan | 5 years | 21 November 2015 | November 2020 | 5 years | 11 April 2018 | 2025 | ||||||||
Belarus | 4 years | 11 September 2016 | September 2020 | 4 years | 11 October 2015 | 2020 | Disputed | |||||||
Belgium | 5 years | 25 May 2014 | May 2019 | — | 11.2 | 514 | .825 | MR, CD&V, Open VLD | Minority Coalition | |||||
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4 years | 7 October 2018 | October 2022 | 3.8 | 17 | .650 | Multiple | |||||||
Bulgaria | 4 years | 26 March 2017 | March 2021 | 4 years | 6 November 2016 | 2021 | 6.9 | 51 | .704 | GERB, Reformist Bloc | Minority Coalition; confidence from Patriotic Front | |||
Croatia | 4 years | 11 September 2016 | December 2020 | 5 years | 28 December 2014 | 2020 | 4.2 | 64 | .683 | HDZ, HNS − LD | Minority Coalition; confidence from 16 other MPs | |||
Cyprus | 5 years | 22 May 2016 | May 2020 | 5 years | 28 January 2018 | 2023 | 1.1 | 23 | .751 | Democratic Rally | ||||
Czech Republic | 4 years | 20 October 2017 | October 2021 | 5 years | 12 January 2018 | 2023 | 10.5 | 214 | .826 | ANO 2011 | ANO 2011 – Czech Social Democratic Party Minority + support of Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | |||
Denmark | 4 years | 18 June 2015 | June 2019 | — | 5.6 | 332 | .845 | Venstre, Danmarks Liberale Parti, Liberal Alliance, DKF | Minority; confidence from DF | |||||
Estonia | 4 years | 3 March 2019 | 5 March 2023 | 3 October 2016 | 1.3 | 21 | .770 | Estonian Centre Party, SDE, IRL | Majority Coalition | |||||
Finland | 4 years | 14 April 2019 | April 2023 | 6 years | 28 January 2018 | January 2024 | 5.4 | 263 | .839 | Centre Party, Finns Party, National Coalition Party | Majority Coalition | |||
France | 5 years | 11 June 2017 | June 2022 | 5 years | 23 April 2017 | April 2022 | 65.7 | 2,775 | .812 | Emmanuel Macron | Majority | |||
Georgia | 4 years | 8 October 2016 | October 2020 | 8 October 2016 | ||||||||||
Germany | 4 years[21] | 24 September 2017 | August 2021 | 80.4 | 3,604 | .856 | CDU/CSU, SPD | Majority Coalition | ||||||
Gibraltar | 4 years | 26 November 2015 | November 2019 | — | .030 | 1.106 | .961 | GSLP/Liberal Alliance | Majority | |||||
Greece | 4 years | 20 September 2015 | 20 October 2019 | 10.8 | 299 | .760 | SYRIZA, ANEL | Majority Coalition | ||||||
Hungary | 4 years | 8 April 2018 | April 2022 | 9.9 | 138 | .769 | Fidesz, KDNP | Majority Coalition | ||||||
Iceland | 4 years | 28 October 2017 | 23 October 2021 | 4 years | 25 June 2016 | 2020 | 0.3 | 13 | .848 | Progressive Party, Independence Party | Majority Coalition | |||
Ireland | 5 years[22] | 26 February 2016 | April 2021 | 7 years[23] | 26 October 2018 | October 2025 | 4.6 | 221 | .850 | Fine Gael, Independents | Minority Coalition; confidence from Fianna Fáil | |||
Italy | 5 years | 4 March 2018 | 28 May 2023 | 29 January 2015 | 60.4 | 2,195 | .776 | Five Star Movement, Lega Nord | Majority Coalition | |||||
Kosovo | 4 years | 11 June 2017 | 2020 | 26 February 2016 | ||||||||||
Latvia | 4 years | 26 October 2018 | October 2022 | 3 June 2015 | 2.0 | 28 | .726 | Unity, ZZS, NA | Majority Coalition | |||||
Lithuania | 4 years | 9 October 2016 | October 2020 | 5 years | 11 May 2014 | 12 May 2019 | 2.9 | 42 | .727 | Peasants | Minority Government | |||
Luxembourg | 5 years | 14 October 2018 | October 2023 | — | .537 | 42 | .813 | DP, LSAP, DG | Majority Coalition | |||||
Macedonia | 4 years | 11 December 2016 | December 2020 | 5 years | 13 April 2014 | 2019 | VMRO-DPMNE and Democratic Union for Integration coalition | |||||||
Malta | 5 years | 3 June 2017 | June 2022 | .452 | 9 | .778 | Labour | Majority | ||||||
Monaco | 5 years | 11 February 2018 | February 2023 | — | ||||||||||
Moldova | 4 years | 24 February 2019 | 2024 | 4 years | 30 October 2016 | 2020 | 3.6 | 7 | .660 | Liberal Democratic | ||||
Montenegro | 4 years | 16 October 2016 | October 2020 | 5 years | 15 April 2018 | 2023 | Dominant-party system | |||||||
Netherlands | 4 years | 15 March 2017 | March 2021 | — | 17.1 | 836 | .857 | VVD, CDA, D66, CU | Majority Coalition | |||||
Norway | 4 years | 11 September 2017 | September 2021 | — | 5.2 | 483 | .894 | Conservative, Progress, Venstre | Minority Coalition; confidence from KrF | |||||
Poland | 4 years | 25 October 2015 | November 2019 | 5 years | 10 May 2015 | April 2020 | 38.5 | 614 | .774 | Andrzej Duda | Majority | |||
Portugal | 4 years | 4 October 2015 | October 2019 | 5 years | 24 January 2016 | January 2021 | 10.3 | 238 | .732 | PS | Minority; confidence from BE, PCP, PEV | |||
Romania | 4 years[24] | 11 December 2016 | December 2020 | 5 years | 2 November 2014 | November 2019 | 20.1 | 187 | .687 | PSD, ALDE | Majority coalition, although it is supported by UDMR. | |||
Russia | 5 years | 18 September 2016 | September 2021 | 6 years | 18 March 2018 | March 2024 | Disputed | 143.4 | 1,858 | .670[9] | Vladimir Putin, | Majority | ||
San Marino | 5 years | 20 November 2016 | November 2021 | |||||||||||
Serbia | 5 years | 24 April 2016 | April 2020 | 5 years | 2 April 2017 | 2022 | 7.1 | 53 | .696 | SNS | Majority | |||
Slovakia | 4 years | 5 March 2016 | March 2020 | 5 years | 16 March 2019 | 2024 | 5.4 | 91 | .788 | Direction – Social Democracy | Coalition with SNS and Most–Híd | |||
Slovenia | 4 years | 3 June 2018 | June 2022 | 5 years | 22 October 2017 | 2022 | 2.1 | 45 | .840 | Party of modern centre SMC/Social Democrat | ||||
Spain | 4 years[25] | 26 June 2016 | 28 April 2019 | — | 46.7 | 1,478 | .796 | Spanish Socialist Workers' Party | Minority Coalition; confidence from Podemos | |||||
Sweden | 4 years | 9 September 2018 | 11 September 2022 | — | 9.6 | 539 | .859 | Social Democratic/Green | Minority Coalition; confidence from the Alliance | |||||
Switzerland | 4 years | 18 October 2015 | October 2019 | 8.0 | 632 | .849 | see Swiss Federal Council | |||||||
Ukraine | 5 years | 26 October 2014 | 27 October 2019 | 5 years | 31 March 2019 | 2024 | 44.8 | 180 | .672 | Petro Poroshenko Bloc "Solidarity"/People's Front | Majority coalition | |||
United Kingdom | 5 years[26] | 8 June 2017 | May 2022 | — | 63.7 | 2,429 | .802 | Conservative | Minority (Confidence and supply arrangement with the DUP) | |||||
European Union | 5 years | 22 May 2014 | 23 May 2019 | 507.9 | 17,577 | no data | EPP, S&D, ALDE (informal alliance in the EP) |
- Vatican City is an absolute monarchy, and only holds elections after the death or resignation of its leader.
Oceania
Country | Parliamentary election | Presidential election | Fairness | Pop. (m) |
GDP ($bn) |
IHDI | In power now | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Term | Last election | Next election | Term | Last election | Next election | ||||||
Australia | 3 years[27] | 2 July 2016 | 18 May 2019 | — | 24.1 | 1,620 | .858 | Liberal/National | |||
Cook Islands | 4 years | 14 June 2018 | April 2022 | Cook Islands Party | |||||||
Federated States of Micronesia | 2 years | 5 March 2019 | March 2021 | ||||||||
Fiji | 4 years | 14 November 2018 | November 2022 | FijiFirst | |||||||
Kiribati | 4 years | 30 December 2015 | December 2019 | 9 March 2016 | awaiting results | ||||||
Marshall Islands | 4 years | 16 November 2015 | November 2019 | ||||||||
Nauru | 3 years | 9 July 2016 | July 2019 | (no political parties) | |||||||
New Zealand | 3 years | 23 September 2017 | September 2020 | — | 4.3 | 161 | no data | Labour/NZ First/Greens | |||
Niue | 3 years | 6 May 2017 | May 2020 | — | (no political parties) | ||||||
Palau | 4 years | 1 November 2016 | November 2020 | 4 years | 1 November 2016 | 2020 | |||||
Papua New Guinea | 5 years | 24 June 2017 | July 2022 | — | 8.1 | 13 | no data | PNCP | |||
Samoa | 5 years | 4 March 2016 | March 2021 | HRPP | |||||||
Solomon Islands | 4 years | 3 April 2019 | April 2023 | — | broad coalition | ||||||
Tonga | 4 years | 16 November 2017 | November 2021 | (non-partisan) | |||||||
Tuvalu | 4 years | 31 March 2015 | 2019 | — | (no political parties) | ||||||
Vanuatu | 4 years | 22 January 2016 | January 2020 | broad coalition |
See also
Part of the Politics series |
Elections |
---|
Politics portal |
- List of controversial elections
- List of the most recent elections by country
- History of democracy
- Democracy Index and List of freedom indices
- Election law and election fraud
- List of current United States governors
- List of current Indian chief ministers
- Provinces of China
- List of current state governors in Brazil
Notes
- ^ nb in Germany where there are elections every 4 years, the Federal Constitutional Court has held that five years is the limit that is compatible with living in a democratic society.
- ^ Universal Declaration of Human Rights article 21
- ^ UDHR article 20
- ^ UDHR article 19
- ^ OSCE, Election Observation Handbook (6th edn 2010) 18–22, 31, 37 and Annex A
- ^ https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-11-26/seychelles-ruling-party-changes-name-ahead-of-2020-elections
- ^ http://www.seychellesnewsagency.com/articles/10105/Parti+Lepep%2C+seeking+platform+of+unity%2C+changes+name+to+United+Seychelles
- ^ South African Constitution
- ^ a b c 2011 data, as country missing from 2013 UN report.
- ^ Constitution of Belize
- ^ Brazilian Constitution
- ^ Brazilian Constitution
- ^ Canada Elections Act 2000
- ^ US Constitution
- ^ US Constitution
- ^ Constitution of India art 83
- ^ .
- ^ "Armed Conflict During Election Works in Urfa". Bianet – Bagimsiz Iletisim Agi. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ Jones, Dorian. "Erdogan Stokes Vote-Rigging Fears". VOA. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ "Former President Gül confirms Turkey's top soldier visited him". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
- ^ Grundgesetz art 39, between 46 and 48 months after the last election
- ^ Electoral (Amendment) Act 1927
- ^ http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/national_elections/presidential_election.html
- ^ The Constitution of Romania allows, in Article 63, point (2), elections to be held up to 3 months after the expiration of the current term. Thus, an election can be held no later than 51 months after the previous.
- ^ Spanish Constitution of 1978 art 68
- ^ Parliament Act 1911 and Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011. A government could collapse or the Prime Minister seek an election and the House of Commons on a two-thirds majority pass a motion for an early election, triggering an election at an earlier date.
- ^ Australian Constitution