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Visa requirements for Egyptian citizens

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Denosio (talk | contribs) at 09:15, 11 December 2023 (→Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

An Egyptian passport

Visa requirements for Egyptian citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Egypt by the authorities of other states.

On 27 July 2022, Egyptian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 54 countries and territories, ranking the Egyptian passport 94th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

However, according to the most up-to-date list compiled on this wiki, Egyptian passport holders can enter 72 countries (not counting dependent and partially unrecognized territories) with Visa on arrival, or easy eVisas or complete visa free under certain conditions (See table and map below). In addition, several states have updated their rules recently to allow holders of valid Schengen/EU, UK, USA, Japan and Australia visa and residence permits to enter visa free under certain conditions, as listed below in the table.

Some countries require transit visas even if the Egyptian national remains airside (i.e. does not go through passport control). These include: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and a minority of European states.

Visa requirements map

Visa requirements for Egyptian citizens
  Egypt
  Visa not required
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required
  Admission refused

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania eVisa[3][4]
  • Visa free anytime of year for valid visa holders or residents of Schengen member states, the UK and US for stays up to 90 days within 180 days period
 Algeria Visa required[5]
 Andorra Visa required[6]
 Angola Visa required[7]
 Antigua and Barbuda eVisa[8][9] 1 month
 Argentina Visa required[10]
 Armenia eVisa[11] 120 days
 Australia and territories Online visa required[12]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa) but must provide biometrics in person.[13]
 Austria Visa required[14]
 Azerbaijan Visa required[15]
 Bahamas eVisa[16]
  • Visa not required for holders of a U.S. visa or U.S. permanent residents.
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[17] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa required[18]
 Barbados Visa not required[19] Temporary Visa waiver granted on the 11th of August 2022 by the government of Barbados. Check here https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/43-countries-granted-temporary-visa-waivers/
 Belarus Visa required[20]
 Belgium Visa required[21]
 Belize Visa required[22]
  • Visa not required for U.S. permanent residents.
 Benin Visa not required[23] 90 days[24][25]
 Bhutan eVisa[26][27]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[28] 30 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[29][30]
  • Visa required unless holder of a valid US or a multiple-entry Schengen visa, or is an EU, non-EU Schengen or US permanent resident.[30]
  • Holders of diplomatic and special missions passports are exempt from entry visa.[31]
 Botswana eVisa[32] 3 months
  • 1 month: 300 Botswana Pula, 3 months: 500 Botswana Pula [33]
 Brazil Visa required[34]
 Brunei Visa required[35]
 Bulgaria Visa required[36][37]
  • Visa required unless holding a valid two or multiple entry Schengen visa, or a residence permit issued by an EU member state.[37]
 Burkina Faso eVisa / Visa on arrival[38][39] 1 month
 Burundi Visa on arrival[40] 1 month
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[41] 30 days
 Cameroon eVisa[42][43]
 Canada Visa required[44]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[45] 3 months
 Central African Republic Visa required[46]
 Chad Visa required[47]
 Chile Visa required[48]
 China Visa required[49]
 Colombia Online visa[50][51]
  • May apply online.
 Comoros Visa on arrival[52] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[53]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo eVisa[54][55] 7 days
 Costa Rica Visa required[56]
  • Visa not required for U.S. permanent residents.
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[57]
 Croatia Visa required[58][59]
  • Visa required unless holding a valid two or multiple entry Schengen visa, or a residence permit issued by an EU member state.[59]
 Cuba Tourist card required[60] 90 days
  • Can be extended up to 90 days with a fee.
  • Must be obtained prior to arrival from airline, Cuban embassy, or reputable third party.
 Cyprus Visa required[61][62]
  • Visa required unless holding a valid two or multiple entry Schengen visa, or a residence permit issued by an EU member state.[62]
 Czech Republic Visa required[63]
 Denmark Visa required[64]
 Djibouti eVisa[65] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[66] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[67]
  • Visa not required for U.S. permanent residents but visitors must buy tourist card for US$10 at the airport.
 Ecuador Visa required[68]
 El Salvador Visa required[69]
 Equatorial Guinea eVisa[70][71]
 Eritrea Visa required[72]
 Estonia Visa required[73]
 Eswatini Visa required[74]
 Ethiopia eVisa[75] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa required[78]
 Finland Visa required[79]
 France Visa required[80]
 Gabon eVisa[81]
 Gambia Visa not required[82] 90 days
 Georgia eVisa[83] 30 days
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid EU, non-EU Schengen, UK, US and GCC visa or residence permit for stays up 90 days in any 180-day period.[84]
 Germany Visa required[85]
 Ghana Visa on arrival[86] 30 days
 Greece Visa required[87]
 Grenada Visa required[88]
 Guatemala Visa required[89]
  • Visa not required for holders of a valid U.S. visa and U.S. permanent residents for stays of up to 90 days within 180 day period.
 Guinea Visa not required[90]
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[91] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[92]
 Haiti Visa not required[93] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[94]
 Hungary Visa required[95]
 Iceland Visa required[96]
 India Visa required[97]
 Indonesia e-VOA / Visa on arrival[98] 30 days[99][100]
 Iran Visa not required[101][102] 20 days
 Iraq Visa required[103]
 Ireland Visa required[104]
 Israel Visa required[105]
  • Visa not required for up to 14 days if entering through Taba and visiting up to Beersheba only.[106]
  • Otherwise, a confirmation from Israeli government is required before a visa is issued.[107]
 Italy Visa required[108]
 Jamaica Visa required[109]
  • Visa not required for U.S. permanent residents.
 Japan Visa required[110]
 Jordan Visa not required[111] 1 month
 Kazakhstan eVisa[112][113]
 Kenya eVisa[114] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[115] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 12-month period.
 North Korea Visa required[116]
 South Korea Visa required[116]
 Kuwait Visa required[117]
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa[118]
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[120] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[124]
 Lebanon Visa on arrival (conditional)[125] 30 days
  • Visa requirements include a copy of a reservation in a 3 to 5 star hotel or private residential address with telephone number in Lebanon, at least US$2,000 in cash, a non-refundable return or circle trip ticket, and no Israeli stamps, visas, or seals on passport.[126]
 Lesotho eVisa[127][128]
 Liberia Visa required[129]
 Libya Visa not required (conditional)[130]
  • Men under 18, men under 45 and women of all ages are visa-free.[131]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[132]
 Lithuania Visa required[133]
 Luxembourg Visa required[134]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[135] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa[136]
 Malaysia Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[138] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[139]
 Malta Visa required[140]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[141] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[142]
 Mauritius Visa not required[143] 90 days
 Mexico Visa required[144]
  • Visa required unless holder of a valid visa or residence permit from the US, UK, Canada, Japan, or a Schengen member state.
 Micronesia Visa not required[145] 30 days
 Moldova Visa required[146]
  • Citizens holding a residence permit or a valid visa issued by one of the member states of the European Union or one of the parties to the Schengen Agreement can apply for an electronic visa.[147]
 Monaco Visa required[148]
 Mongolia Visa required[149]
 Montenegro Visa required[150][151]
  • Visa is required unless holder of a valid Schengen, Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, Romania, US or UK visa. Visit for up to 30 days, but not exceeding the expiry of the visa.[151]
  • Holders of residence permits from a Schengen member state, Australia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, Romania, US or UK and AEPC Business Travel Card holders may visit Montenegro for up to 30 days.[151]
 Morocco Visa required[152][153]
  • Holders of a visa or residence permit from European Union, United States of America, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, Norway, New Zealand and Switzerland valid for 90 days (or 180 days for residence permits) on application, can apply for an eVisa for 30 days. Passport must also be valid for 90 days.
 Mozambique eVisa / Visa on arrival[154][155] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[156] 28 days
 Namibia Visa required[157]
 Nauru Visa required[158]
   Nepal eVisa / Visa on arrival[159][160] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa required[161]
 New Zealand Visa required[162]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[163]
 Nicaragua Visa on arrival[164] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[165]
 Nigeria eVisa[166][167] 90 days
 North Macedonia Visa required[168][169]
  • Visa required unless holding a valid two or multiple entry Schengen visa, or a residence permit issued by an EU member state.[169]
 Norway Visa required[170]
 Oman Visa not required[171] 14 days
 Pakistan ETA / Online Visa[172] 30 days / 3 months
  • Online Visa eligible.[173]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[174]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[175] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[176]
 Papua New Guinea Visa required[177]
 Paraguay Visa required[178]
 Peru Visa required[179]
 Philippines Visa required[180]
 Poland Visa required[181]
 Portugal Visa required[182]
 Qatar eVisa[183]
 Romania Visa required[184][185]
  • Visa required unless holding a valid two or multiple entry Schengen visa, or a residence permit issued by an EU member state.[185]
 Russia Visa required[186]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[187] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[188] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa required[189]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[190] 3 month
 Samoa Visa not required[191] 90 days
 San Marino Visa required[192]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[193]
  • Visa is obtained online.[194]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[195][196]
  • eVisa available for all Egyptian passport holders. Known as "Stop Over Visa", is valid for 4 days, and can be obtained when booking with FlyNas or SAUDIA (Saudi Arabian Airlines).[197][198]
  • Visa on arrival for holders of a valid Schengen, UK or USA visa and UK, US or EU permanent residents.[199][200][196]
 Senegal Visa on arrival[201] 1 month
 Serbia Visa required[202]
  • Holders of diplomatic and special missions passports are exempt from entry visa.[203]
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[204] 3 months
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[205][206] 3 months / 30 days
 Singapore Visa required[207]
 Slovakia Visa required[208]
 Slovenia Visa required[209]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[210]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[211] 30 days
 South Africa eVisa[212]
 South Sudan Visa not required[214]
 Spain Visa required[215]
 Sri Lanka ETA / Visa on arrival[216] 30 days
  • Electronic Travel Authorization can also be obtained on arrival.[217]
  • 30 days extendable to 6 months.[218]
 Sudan Visa not required (Conditional)[219]
  • Only male between 18 and 49 years of age will require visa.
 Suriname eVisa[220]
 Sweden Visa required[221]
  Switzerland Visa required[222]
 Syria Visa required[223] [224][225][226]
 Tajikistan eVisa[227] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[228]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[229] 3 months
 Thailand Visa required[230]
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[231] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[232][233] 15 days
 Tonga Visa required[234]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa required[235]
 Tunisia Visa required[236]
  • Not required for tours organised by a travel agency.
 Turkey Visa required[237][238]
  • Visa required unless a valid Schengen, US, UK or Ireland visa or residence permit. They can obtain a 30-day single-entry e-visa, provided that they have and that they travel to Turkey on Turkish Airlines or Egypt Air.[238]
  • Egyptians under 20 or over 45 years old can obtain e-visa.[238]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[239]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[240] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa[241] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa required[243]
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[244]
  • May apply using 'Smart service'.[245]
 United Kingdom and Crown dependencies Visa required[246]
 United States and territories Visa required[247]
 Uruguay Visa required[248]
 Uzbekistan eVisa[249] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa required[250]
 Vatican City Visa required[251]
  • The Vatican City is de facto within the Schengen zone.
 Venezuela Visa required[252]
 Vietnam eVisa[253][254]
 Yemen Visa on arrival[255] 3 months
 Zambia eVisa[256][257] 90 days
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[258] 3 months

Dependent, disputed, or restricted territories

Unrecognized or partially recognized countries
Territory Conditions of access Notes
 Abkhazia Visa required[259]
 Kosovo Visa required[260]
  • Visa required unless holder of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[261]
  • Holders of diplomatic and service passports issued by Egypt shall be allowed to enter, transit or stay up to 15 days in the territory of the Republic of Kosovo.[262]
 Northern Cyprus Visa not required[263]
 Palestine Visa not required[264] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[265]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[266][267]
 South Ossetia Visa not required[268] Multiple entry visa to Russia and three day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[269][270]
 Taiwan Visa required[271][272]
 Transnistria Visa not required[273] Registration required after 24h.[274][275]
Dependent and autonomous territories
Territory Conditions of access Notes
China
 Hong Kong Visa not required[276] 90 days
 Macau Visa not required[277] 90 days
Denmark
 Faroe Islands Visa required[278]
 Greenland Visa required[279]
France
 French Guiana Visa required[280]
 French Polynesia Visa required[281]
France French West Indies Visa required Includes overseas departments of Guadeloupe and Martinique and overseas collectivities of Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin.
 Mayotte Visa required[282]
 New Caledonia Visa required[283]
 Réunion Visa required[284]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa required[285]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa required[286]
Netherlands
 Aruba Visa required[287]
Netherlands Caribbean Netherlands Visa required[288] Includes Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba.
 Curaçao Visa required[289]
 Sint Maarten Visa required[290]
New Zealand
 Cook Islands Visa not required[291] 31 days
 Niue Visa not required[292] 30 days
 Tokelau Visa required[293]
United Kingdom
 Akrotiri and Dhekelia Visa required[294]
 Anguilla Visa required[295] Holders of a valid visa issued by the United Kingdom do not require a visa.[296]
 Bermuda Visa required[297]
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[298]
 British Virgin Islands Visa required[299]
 Cayman Islands Visa required[300]
 Falkland Islands Visa required[301]
 Gibraltar Visa required[302]
 Montserrat eVisa[303]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa-free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[304][305][306]
 Ascension Island Admission refused[307][308] From May 2015, the Ascension Island Government does not issue entry visas including eVisas to nationals of Egypt.[309]
 Saint Helena eVisa[310][311]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[312]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[313][314]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[315] Holders of a valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA do not required a visa for a maximum stay of 90 days.
United States
 American Samoa Visa required[316]
 Guam Visa required[317]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required[318]
 Puerto Rico Visa required[319]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[320]
Antarctica and adjacent islands
Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332]

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[333] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[334] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[335]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[336][337]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[338][339] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[340]

Some countries, such as Japan,[341] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[342] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[343] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[344] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[345] Philippines,[346] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[347]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[348] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[349] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[350]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[351] Lebanon,[352] Libya,[353] Syria,[354] and Yemen[355] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[356]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[357][358] Argentina,[359] Brunei, Cambodia,[360] China,[361] Ethiopia,[362] Ghana, Guinea,[363] India, Japan,[364][365] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[366] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[367] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[368] Singapore, South Korea,[369] Taiwan, Thailand,[370] Uganda,[371] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[372][373][374] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[375]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[376] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[377][378]

See also

References and Notes

References
  1. ^ "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2019" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 3 July 2019.
  2. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ "Albania eVisa".
  5. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  6. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  7. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  8. ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
  9. ^ "Antigua and Barbuda eVisa".
  10. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  11. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  12. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  13. ^ "Biometric rules". Department of Immigration and Border Protection.
  14. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
  15. ^ Countries with visa-free travel regime, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Azerbaijan (in Azerbaijani).
  16. ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
  17. ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
  18. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  19. ^ Sheena Forde-Craigg (9 August 2022). "43 Countries Granted Temporary Visa Waivers | GIS". Gisbarbados.gov.bb. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
  20. ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
  21. ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
  22. ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
  23. ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
  24. ^ "Bénin: Les ressortissants de 40 pays africains bientôt exemptés de visas - RFI". 15 February 2017.
  25. ^ "Benin abolishes short-stay visa for nationals of 31 African countries". 2017-02-15.
  26. ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
  27. ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
  28. ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
  29. ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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  336. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
  337. ^ Country list - Yellow fever vaccination requirements and recommendations; and malaria situation; and other vaccination requirement
  338. ^ "Foreign Affairs Manual, 9 FAM 403.9-3(B)(2) f". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  339. ^ "Visitor Visa". travel.state.gov. US Department of State. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
  340. ^ "Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Republic of Turkey. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 6 July 2018. Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
  341. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
  342. ^ "Entering the UK". Gov.UK. Retrieved 17 March 2021. You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
  343. ^ Bahrain government website
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  345. ^ "Government Of Peru Requires Six-Month Validity On Passports To Enter Peru". Traveling & Living in Peru. 2 January 2019. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  346. ^ "Bureau of Immigration of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  347. ^ Timatic
  348. ^ "Maldives Reduces Passport Validity Requirement of Minimum 6 Months to Just 1 Month". Corporate Maldives. 24 October 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
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  351. ^ "Travel Report - Kuwait". Voyage.gc.ca. 2012-11-16. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
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  354. ^ Travel Advice for Syria - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade Archived 2008-12-19 at the Wayback Machine and Syrian Ministry of Tourism
  355. ^ "Travel Advice for Yemen - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". Smartraveller.gov.au. Archived from the original on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
  356. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
  357. ^ "How to enter Afghanistan. The Entry Requirements for Afghanistan - CountryReports". Countryreports.org.
  358. ^ Nordland, Rod (19 November 2011). "In Afghanistan, Big Plans to Gather Biometric Data". The New York Times.
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  361. ^ "China to Start Fingerprinting Foreign Visitors". Air Canada. 31 Jan 2019. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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  366. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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  371. ^ AfricaNews (2019-01-14). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  372. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  373. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  374. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  375. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 2019-04-24.
  376. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  377. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  378. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
  1. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  2. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  3. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  4. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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