List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

See also: List of political entities in the 20th century

State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders in the 21st century – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1901–2000) AD.

Africa

Africa: Central

• People's Republic of Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Agostinho Neto, President (1975–1979)
• José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1979–1992)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lopo do Nascimento, Prime minister (1975–1978)
• Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1991–1992)

• Republic of Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1992–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Marcolino Moco, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008)

• Cameroon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmadou Ahidjo, President (1960–1982)
• Paul Biya, President (1982–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ahmadou Ahidjo, Prime minister (1958–1960)
• Charles Assalé, Prime minister (1960–1961)

East Cameroon

• Charles Assalé, Prime minister (1961–1965)
• Vincent de Paul Ahanda, Prime minister (1965)
• Simon Pierre Tchoungui, Prime minister (1965–1972)

West Cameroon

• John Ngu Foncha, Prime minister (1961–1965)
• Augustine Ngom Jua, Prime minister (1965–1968)
• Salomon Tandeng Muna, Prime minister (1968–1972)

United Cameroon

• Paul Biya, Prime minister (1972–1982)
• Bello Bouba Maigari, Prime minister (1982–1983)
• Luc Ayang, Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Sadou Hayatou, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Simon Achidi Achu, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004)

• Central African Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• David Dacko, President (1960–1966)
• Jean-Bédel Bokassa

• President (1966–1976)
• Emperor (1976–1979)

• David Dacko, President (1979–1981)
• André Kolingba, President (1981–1993)
• Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• David Dacko, Prime minister (1959–1960)
• Elisabeth Domitien, Prime minister (1975–1976)
• Ange-Félix Patassé, Prime minister (1976–1978)
• Henri Maïdou, Prime minister (1978–1979)
• Bernard Ayandho, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Jean-Pierre Lebouder, Prime minister (1980–1981)
• Simon Narcisse Bozanga, Prime minister (1981)
• Édouard Frank, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Timothée Malendoma, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Enoch Derant Lakoué, Prime minister (1993)
• Jean-Luc Mandaba, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Gabriel Koyambounou, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Jean-Paul Ngoupandé, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime minister (1997–1999)
• Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001)

• Chad

• Presidents (complete list) –

• François Tombalbaye, President (1960–1975)
• Noël Milarew Odingar, President (1975)
• Félix Malloum, President (1975–1979)
• Goukouni Oueddei, President (1979)
• Lol Mahamat Choua, President (1979)
• Goukouni Oueddei, President (1979–1982)
• Hissène Habré, President (1982–1990)
• Idriss Déby, President (1990–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hissène Habré, Prime minister (1978–1979)
• Djidingar Dono Ngardoum, Prime minister (1982)
• Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Joseph Yodoyman, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Fidèle Moungar, Prime minister (1993)
• Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Koibla Djimasta, Prime minister (1995–1997)
• Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime minister (1997–1999)
• Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002)

• Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joseph Kasa-Vubu, President (1960–1965)
• Antoine Gizenga, Rebel President (1961)
• Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1965–1971)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Patrice Lumumba, Prime minister (1960)
• Joseph Iléo, Prime minister (1960)
• Albert Ndele, Prime minister (1960)
• Justin Marie Bomboko, Prime minister (1960–1961)
• Joseph Iléo, Prime minister (1961)
• Antoine Gizenga, Rebel, Prime minister (1960–1961)
• Cyrille Adoula, Prime minister (1961–1964)
• Moise Tshombe, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Évariste Kimba, Prime minister (1965)
• Léonard Mulamba, Prime minister (1965–1966)

• Zaire

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mobutu Sese Seko, President (1971–1997)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Mpinga Kasenda, Prime minister (1977–1979)
• Bo-Boliko Lokonga, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First state commissioner (1980–1981)
• N'Singa Udjuu, First state commissioner (1981–1982)
• Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1982–1986)
• Mabi Mulumba, First state commissioner (1987–1988)
• Jules Fontaine Sambwa, First state commissioner (1988)
• Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1988–1990)
• Lunda Bululu, Prime minister (1990–1991)
• Mulumba Lukoji, Prime minister (1991)
• Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1991)
• Bernardin Mungul Diaka, Prime minister (1991)
• Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Faustin Birindwa, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Léon Kengo, First state commissioner (1994–1997)
• Étienne Tshisekedi, Prime minister (1997)
• Likulia Bolongo, Prime minister (1997)

• Democratic Republic of the Congo (complete list) –

• Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001)

• Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Fulbert Youlou, President (1960–1963)
• Alphonse Massamba-Débat, President (1963–1968)
• Alfred Raoul, President (1968–1969)
• Marien Ngouabi, President (1969–1977)
• Military Committee of the Congolese Party of Labour (1977)
• Joachim Yhombi-Opango, President (1977–1979)
• Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1979–1992)
• Pascal Lissouba, President (1992–1997)
• Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Alphonse Massamba-Débat, Prime minister (1963)
• Pascal Lissouba, Prime minister (1963–1966)
• Ambroise Noumazalaye, Prime minister (1966-1968)
• Alfred Raoul, Prime minister (1968–1969)
• Henri Lopès, Prime minister (1973–1975)
• Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime minister (1975–1984)
• Ange Édouard Poungui, Prime minister (1984–1989)
• Alphonse Poaty-Souchlaty, Prime minister (1989–1990)
• Pierre Moussa, Acting Prime minister (1990–1991)
• Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime minister (1991)
• André Milongo, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Stéphane Maurice Bongho-Nouarra, Prime minister (1992)
• Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Prime minister (1993-1996)
• Charles David Ganao, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Bernard Kolélas, Prime minister (1997)

• Equatorial Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Francisco Macías Nguema, President (1968–1979)
• Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime minister (1982–1992)
• Silvestre Siale Bileka, Prime minister (1992–1996)
• Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001)

• Gabon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Léon M'ba, President (1960–1967)
• Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Léon M'ba, Prime minister (1957–1961)
• Léon Mébiame, Prime minister (1975-1990)
• Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime minister (1994–1999)
• Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006)

• São Tomé and Príncipe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Manuel Pinto da Costa, President (1975–1991)
• Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Miguel Trovoada, Prime minister (1975–1979)
• Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime minister (1988–1991)
• Daniel Daio, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime minister (1992–1994)
• Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (1994)
• Carlos Graça, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Armindo Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Raul Bragança Neto, Prime minister (1996–1999)
• Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001)

Africa: East

• Kingdom of Burundi

• Kings (complete list) –

• Mwezi IV Gisabo, King (c.1850–1908)
• Mutaga IV Mbikije, King (1908–1915)
• Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King (1915–1966)
• Ntare V, King (1966)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• André Muhirwa, Prime minister (1961–1963)
• Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1963–1964)
• Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Pierre Ngendandumwe, Prime minister (1965)
• Pié Masumbuko, Prime minister (1965)
• Joseph Bamina, Prime minister (1965)
• Léopold Biha, Prime minister (1965–1966)
• Michel Micombero, Prime minister (1966)

• Republic of Burundi

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Michel Micombero, President (1966–1976)
• Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President (1976–1987)
• Pierre Buyoya, President (1987–1993)
• Melchior Ndadaye, President (1993)
• François Ngeze, President (1993)
• Sylvie Kinigi, Acting President (1993–1994)
• Cyprien Ntaryamira, President (1994)
• Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President (1994–1996)
• Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Albin Nyamoya, Prime minister (1972–1973)
• Édouard Nzambimana, Prime minister (1976–1978)
• Adrien Sibomana, Prime minister (1988–1993)
• Sylvie Kinigi, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Anatole Kanyenkiko, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Antoine Nduwayo, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Pascal-Firmin Ndimira, Prime minister (1996-1998)

• Comoros

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmed Abdallah, President (1975)
• Said Mohamed Jaffar, President (1975–1976)
• Ali Soilih, President (1976–1978)
• Mohamed Ahmed, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978)
• Ahmed Abdallah, Co-Chairman of the Directorate (1978), President (1978–1989)
• Haribon Chebani, Provisional President (1989)
• Said Mohamed Djohar, Acting President (1989–1990), President (1990–1995)
• Combo Ayouba, Coordinator of the Transitional Military Committee (1995)
• Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1995)
• Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, President (1995–1996)
• Said Mohamed Djohar, President (1996)
• Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Acting President (1996–1998)
• Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, President (1998–1999)
• Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdallah Mohamed, Prime Minister (1976–1978)
• Abdallah Mohamed, Prime Minister (1978–1978)
• Salim Ben Ali, Prime Minister (1978–1982)
• Ali Mroudjaé, Prime Minister (1982–1984)
• Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, Prime Minister (1992–1992)
• Ibrahim Halidi, Prime Minister (1993–1993)
• Said Ali Mohamed, Prime Minister (1993–1993)
• Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane, Prime Minister (1993–1994)
• Mohamed Abdou Madi, Prime Minister (1994–1994)
• Halifa Houmadi, Prime Minister (1994–1995)
• Caabi El-Yachroutu Mohamed, Prime Minister (1995–1996)
• Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Prime Minister (1996–1996)
• Ahmed Abdou, Prime Minister (1996–1997)
• Nourdine Bourhane, Prime Minister (1997–1998)
• Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister (1998–1999)
• Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister (1999–2000)
• Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000-2002)

• Djibouti

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President (1977–1999)
• Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Prime minister (1977)
• Ahmed Dini Ahmed, Prime minister (1977–1978)
• Abdallah Mohamed Kamil, Prime minister (1978)
• Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)

• Eritrea (complete list) –

• Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)

• Derg: Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia (complete list) –

• Aman Andom, Chairmen (1974)
• Mengistu Haile Mariam, Acting Chairmen (1974)
• Tafari Benti, Chairmen (1974–1977)
• Mengistu Haile Mariam, Chairmen (1977–1987)

• People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mengistu Haile Mariam, President (1987–1991)
• Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, Acting President (1991)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Fikre Selassie Wogderess, Prime minister (1987–1989)
• Hailu Yimenu, Acting Prime minister (1989–1991)
• Tesfaye Dinka, Acting Prime minister (1991)

• Transitional Government of Ethiopia

• Acting Presidents (complete list) –

• Meles Zenawi, Acting President (1991–1995)

• Prime minister (complete list) –

• Tamrat Layne, Acting Prime minister (1991–1995)

• Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)

• Kenya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1963–1964)
• Jomo Kenyatta, President (1964–1978)
• Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jomo Kenyatta, Prime minister (1963–1964)

• Madagascar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Philibert Tsiranana, President (1959–1972)
• Gabriel Ramanantsoa, President (1972–1975)
• Richard Ratsimandrava, President (1975)
• Gilles Andriamahazo, President (1975)
• Didier Ratsiraka, President of Supreme Revolutionary Council (1975–1993)
• Albert Zafy, President (1993–1996)
• Norbert Ratsirahonana, Acting President (1996–1997)
• Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gabriel Ramanantsoa, Prime minister (1972–1975)
• Joel Rakotomalala, Prime minister (1976)
• Justin Rakotoniaina, Prime minister (1976–1977)
• Désiré Rakotoarijaona, Prime minister (1977–1988)
• Victor Ramahatra, Prime minister (1988–1991)
• Guy Razanamasy, Prime minister (1991–1993)
• Francisque Ravony, Prime minister (1993–1995)
• Emmanuel Rakotovahiny, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Norbert Ratsirahonana, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Pascal Rakotomavo, Prime minister (1997–1998)
• Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002)

• Mauritius (Commonwealth realm)

• Queen (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1968–1992)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1968–1982)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1982–1992)

• Republic of Mauritius

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Veerasamy Ringadoo, President (1992)
• Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (1992–1995)
• Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003)

• Rwanda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Dominique Mbonyumutwa, Interim President (1961)
• Grégoire Kayibanda, President (1961–1973)
• Juvénal Habyarimana, President (1973–1994)
• Théodore Sindikubwabo, Interim President (1994)
• Pasteur Bizimungu, President (1994–2000)
• Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Grégoire Kayibanda, Prime minister (1961–1962)
• Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Jean Kambanda, Prime minister (1994)
• Faustin Twagiramungu, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)

• Seychelles

• Presidents (complete list) –

• James Mancham, President (1976–1977)
• France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• France-Albert René, Prime minister (1976–1977)

• Somali Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Aden Abdullah Osman Daar, President (1960–1967)
• Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, President (1967–1969)
• Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein, Interim President (1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1960)
• Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, Prime minister (1960–1964)
• Abdirizak Haji Hussein, Prime minister (1964–1967 )
• Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, Prime minister (1967–1969)

• Somali Democratic Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Siad Barre, President (1969–1991)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Ali Samatar, Prime minister (1987–1990)
• Muhammad Hawadle Madar, Prime minister (1990–1991)

• Interim Government of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ali Mahdi Muhammad, President (1991–1997)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime minister (1991–1997)

• Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001)

• Tanzania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Julius Nyerere, President (1964–1985)
• Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President (1985–1995)
• Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rashidi Kawawa, Prime minister (1972–1977)
• Edward Sokoine, Prime minister (1977–1980)
• Cleopa Msuya, Prime minister (1980–1983)
• Edward Sokoine, Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Salim Ahmed Salim, Prime minister (1984–1985)
• Joseph Warioba, Prime minister (1985–1990)
• John Malecela, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Cleopa Msuya, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005)

• Uganda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mutesa II, President (1963–1966)
• Milton Obote, President (1966–1971)
• Idi Amin, President (1971–1979)
• Yusuf Lule, Interim President (1979)
• Godfrey Binaisa, President (1979–1980)
• Paulo Muwanga, President (1980)
• Presidential Commission of Uganda (1980)
• Milton Obote, President (1980–1985)
• Bazilio Olara-Okello, de facto Head of state (1985)
• Tito Okello, President (1985–1986)
• Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Benedicto Kiwanuka, Prime minister (1962)
• Milton Obote, Prime minister (1962–1966)
• Otema Allimadi, Prime minister (1980–1985)
• Paulo Muwanga, Prime minister (1985)
• Abraham Waligo, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Samson Kisekka, Prime minister (1986–1991)
• George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime minister (1991–1994)
• Kintu Musoke, Prime minister (1994–1999)
• Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northcentral

• Kingdom of Libya

• Monarch (complete list) –

• Idris, King (1951–1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1951–1954)
• Muhammad Sakizli, Prime minister (1954)
• Mustafa Ben Halim, Prime minister (1954–1957)
• Abdul Majid Kubar, Prime minister (1957–1960)
• Muhammad Osman Said, Prime minister (1960–1963)
• Mohieddin Fikini, Prime minister (1963–1964)
• Mahmud al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Hussein Maziq, Prime minister (1965–1967)
• Abdul Qadir al-Badri, Prime minister (1967)
• Abdul Hamid al-Bakkoush, Prime minister (1967–1968)
• Wanis al-Qaddafi, Prime minister (1968–1969)

• Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Muammar Gaddafi,

• Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)
• Secretary General of the General People's Congress (1977–1979)
• Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011)

• Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Secretary-General (1979–1981)
• Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, Secretary-General (1981–1984)
• Mifta al-Usta Umar, Secretary-General (1984–1990)
• Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa, Secretary-General (1990–1992)
• Muhammad az-Zanati, Secretary-General (1992–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmud Sulayman al-Maghribi, Prime minister (1969–1970)
• Muammar Gaddafi, Prime minister (1970–1972)
• Abdessalam Jalloud, Prime minister (1972–1977)
• Abdul Ati al-Obeidi, Prime minister (1977–1979)
• Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, Prime minister (1979–1984)
• Muhammad az-Zaruq Rajab, Prime minister (1984–1986)
• Jadallah Azzuz at-Talhi, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Umar Mustafa al-Muntasir, Prime minister (1987–1990)
• Abuzed Omar Dorda, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud, Prime minister (1994–1997)
• Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000)
• Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003)

• Beylik of Tunis

• Beys (complete list) –

• Ali III ibn al-Husayn, Bey (1882–1902)
• Muhammad IV al-Hadi, Bey (1902–1906)
• Muhammad V an-Nasir, Bey (1906–1922)
• Muhammad VI al-Habib, Bey (1922–1929)
• Ahmad II ibn Ali, Bey (1929–1942)
• Muhammad VII al-Munsif, Bey (1942–1943)
• Muhammad VIII al-Amin, Bey (1943–1956)

• Grand viziers (complete list) –

• Aziz Bouattour, Grand vizier (1882–1907)
• M'hamed Djellouli, Grand vizier (1907–1908)
• Youssef Djait, Grand vizier (1908–1915)
• Taïeb Djellouli, Grand vizier (1915–1922)
• Mustapha Dinguizli, Prime minister (1922–1926)
• Khelil Bouhageb, Prime minister (1926–1932)
• Hédi Lakhoua, Prime minister (1932–1942)
• Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1943)
• Slaheddine Baccouche, Prime minister (1943–1947)
• Mustapha Kaak, Prime minister (1947–1950)
• Mohamed Chenik, Prime minister (1950–1952)
• Slaheddine Baccouche, Prime minister (1952–1954)
• Mohamed Salah Mzali, Prime minister (1954)
• Georges Dupoizat, Interim Prime minister (1954)
• Tahar Ben Ammar, Prime minister (1954–1956)

• Kingdom of Tunisia

• King (complete list) –

• Muhammad VIII al-Amin, King (1956–1957)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tahar Ben Ammar, Prime minister (1956)
• Habib Bourguiba, Prime minister (1956–1957)

• Republic of Tunisia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Habib Bourguiba, President (1957–1987)
• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bahi Ladgham, Prime minister (1969–1970)
• Hedi Amara Nouira, Prime minister (1970–1980)
• Mohammed Mzali, Prime minister (1980–1986)
• Rachid Sfar, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Prime minister (1987)
• Hédi Baccouche, Prime minister (1987–1989)
• Hamed Karoui, Prime minister (1989–1999)
• Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)

Africa: Northeast

• Khedivate of Egypt

• Khedive (complete list) –

• Abbas II, Khedive (1892–1914)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mostafa Fahmy Pasha, Prime minister (1895–1908)
• Boutros Ghali, Prime minister (1908–1910)
• Mohamed Said Pasha, Prime minister (1910–1914)
• Hussein Roshdy Pasha, Prime minister (1914)

• Sultanate of Egypt

• Sultan (complete list) –

• Hussein Kamel, Sultan (1914–1917)
• Fuad I, Sultan (1917–1922)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hussein Roshdy Pasha, Prime minister (1914–1919)
• Mohamed Said Pasha, Prime minister (1919)
• Youssef Wahba, Prime minister (1919–1920)
• Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1921–1922)

• Kingdom of Egypt

• King (complete list) –

• Fuad I, King (1922–1936)
• Farouk I, King (1936–1952)
• Fuad II, King (1952–1953)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1922)
• Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Yehya Ibrahim Pasha, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Saad Zaghloul, Prime minister (1924)
• Ahmed Zeiwar Pasha, Prime minister (1924–1926)
• Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1926–1927)
• Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha, Prime minister (1927–1928)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1928)
• Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, Prime minister (1928–1929)
• Adly Yakan Pasha, Prime minister (1929–1930)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1930)
• Ismail Sedky, Prime minister (1930–1933)
• Abdel Fattah Yahya Pasha, Prime minister (1933–1934)
• Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha, Prime minister (1934–1936)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1936)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1936–1937)
• Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha, Prime minister (1937–1939)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1939–1940)
• Hassan Sabry Pasha, Prime minister (1940)
• Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1940–1942)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1942–1944)
• Ahmad Mahir Pasha, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, Prime minister (1945–1946)
• Ismail Sedky, Prime minister (1946)
• Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha, Prime minister (1946–1948)
• Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha, Prime minister (1948–1949)
• Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1949–1950)
• Mostafa El-Nahas, Prime minister (1950–1952)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952)
• Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952)
• Hussein Serry Pasha, Prime minister (1952)
• Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly, Prime minister (1952)
• Aly Maher Pasha, Prime minister (1952)
• Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1952–1953)

• Republic of Egypt

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohammed Naguib, President (1953–1954)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, President (1954–1970)
• Anwar Sadat, President (1970–1981)
• Sufi Abu Taleb, Interim President (1981)
• Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1953–1954)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954)
• Mohammed Naguib, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister, government in rebellion (1954–1962)
• Ali Sabri, Prime minister (1962–1965)
• Zakaria Mohieddin, Prime minister (1965–1966)
• Mohamed Sedki Sulayman, Prime minister (1966–1967)
• Gamal Abdel Nasser, Prime minister (1967–1970)
• Mahmoud Fawzi, Prime minister (1970–1972)
• Aziz Sedky, Prime minister (1972–1973)
• Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1973–1974)
• Abd El Aziz Mohamed Hegazi, Prime minister (1974–1975)
• Mamdouh Salem, Prime minister (1975–1978)
• Mustafa Khalil, Prime minister (1978–1980)
• Anwar Sadat, Prime minister (1980–1981)
• Hosni Mubarak, Prime minister (1981–1982)
• Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin, Prime minister (1982–1984)
• Kamal Hassan Ali, Prime minister (1984–1985)
• Aly Lotfy Mahmoud, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Atef Sedky, Prime minister (1986–1996)
• Kamal Ganzouri, Prime minister (1996–1999)
• Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004)

• Republic of the Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ibrahim Abboud, President (1958–1964)
• Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, President (1964–1965)
• Ismail al-Azhari, President (1965–1969)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ismail al-Azhari, Prime minister (1954–1956)
• Abdallah Khalil, Prime minister (1956–1958)
• Ibrahim Abboud, Prime minister (1958–1964)
• Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa, Prime minister (1964–1965)
• Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1965–1966)
• Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1966–1967)
• Muhammad Ahmad Mahgoub, Prime minister (1967–1969)

• Democratic Republic of the Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Gaafar Nimeiry, President (1969–1985)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Babiker Awadalla, Prime minister (1969)
• Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1969–1976)
• Rashid Bakr, Prime minister (1976–1977)
• Gaafar Nimeiry, Prime minister (1977–1985)
• Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985)

• Republic of the Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, President (1985–1986)
• Ahmed al-Mirghani, President (1986–1989)
• Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Al-Jazuli Daf'allah, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Sadiq al-Mahdi, Prime minister (1986–1989)

Africa: Northwest

• Algeria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abderrahmane Farès, President (1962)
• Ferhat Abbas, President (1962–1963)
• Ahmed Ben Bella, President (1963–1965)
• Houari Boumediene

• Chairman of the Revolutionary Council (1965–1976)
• President (1976–1978)

• Rabah Bitat, Interim President (1978–1979)
• Chadli Bendjedid, President (1979–1992)
• Abdelmalek Benhabyles, Interim President (1992)
• Mohamed Boudiaf, Chairman of the High Council (1992)
• Ali Kafi, President (1992–1994)
• Liamine Zéroual, President (1994–1999)
• Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ahmed Ben Bella, Prime minister (1962–1963)
• Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani, Prime minister (1979–1984)
• Abdelhamid Brahimi, Prime minister (1984–1988)
• Kasdi Merbah, Prime minister (1988–1989)
• Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime minister (1989–1991)
• Sid Ahmed Ghozali, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Belaid Abdessalam, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Redha Malek, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Mokdad Sifi, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime minister (1995–1998)
• Smail Hamdani, Prime minister (1998–1999)
• Ahmed Benbitour, Prime minister (1999–2000)
• Ali Benflis, Prime minister (2000–2003)

• Morocco

• Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Abdelaziz, Sultan (1894–1908)
• Abdelhafid, Sultan (1908–1912)
• Yusef, Sultan (1912–2027)
• Mohammed Ben Aarafa, Sultan (1953–1955)
• Mohammed V, Sultan (1927–1953, 1955–1957), King (1957–1961)
• Hassan II, King (1961–1999)
• Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mbarek Bekkay, Prime minister (1955–1958)
• Ahmed Balafrej, Prime minister (1958)
• Abdallah Ibrahim, Prime minister (1958–1960)
• Ahmed Bahnini, Prime minister (1963–1965)
• Mohamed Benhima, Prime minister (1967–1969)
• Ahmed Laraki, Prime minister (1969–1971)
• Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1971–1972)
• Ahmed Osman, Prime minister (1972–1979)
• Maati Bouabid, Prime minister (1979–1983)
• Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1983–1986)
• Azzeddine Laraki, Prime minister (1986–1992)
• Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime minister (1992–1994)
• Abdellatif Filali, Prime minister (1994–1998)
• Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime minister (1998–2002)

Africa: South

• Botswana

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Seretse Khama, President (1966–1980)
• Quett Masire, President (1980–1998)
• Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Seretse Khama, Prime minister (1965–1966)

• Lesotho

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Moshoeshoe II, King (1966–1990, 1995–1996)
• Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Leabua Jonathan, Prime minister (1965–1986)
• Justin Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council (1986–1991)
• Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council (1991–1993)
• Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Hae Phoofolo, Interim Prime minister (1994)
• Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime minister (1994–1998)
• Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)

• Commonwealth realm of Malawi

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1964–1966)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hastings Banda, Prime minister (1964–1966)

• Republic of Malawi (complete list) –

• Hastings Banda, President (1966–1994)
• Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004)

• People's Republic of Mozambique

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Samora Machel, President (1975–1986)
• Political Bureau of the Central Committee of FRELIMO (1986)
• Joaquim Chissano, President (1986–1990)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1986–1990)

• Republic of Mozambique

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime minister (1990–1994)
• Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004)

• Namibia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)

• Union of South Africa

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George V, King (1910–1936)
• Edward VIII, King (1936)
• George VI, King (1936–1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–1961)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Louis Botha, Prime minister (1910–1919)
• Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1919–1924)
• J. B. M. Hertzog, Prime minister (1924–1939)
• Jan Smuts, Prime minister (1939–1948)
• Daniel François Malan, Prime minister (1948–1954)
• Johannes Gerhardus Strijdom, Prime minister (1954–1958)
• Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966)

• Republic of South Africa

• State Presidents (complete list) –

• Charles Robberts Swart, State President (1961–1967)
• Jozua François Naudé, Acting State President (1967–1968)
• Jacobus Johannes Fouché, State President (1968–1975)
• Johannes de Klerk, Acting State President (1975)
• Nico Diederichs, State President (1975–1978)
• Marais Viljoen, Acting State President (1978)
• Balthazar Johannes Vorster, State President (1978–1979)
• Marais Viljoen, State President (1979–1984)
• P. W. Botha, State President (1984–1989)
• F. W. de Klerk, State President (1989–1994)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Nelson Mandela, President (1994–1999)
• Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime minister (1958–1966)
• Balthazar Johannes Vorster, Prime minister (1966–1978)
• Pieter Willem Botha, Prime minister (1978–1984)

• Swaziland

• Kings (complete list) –

• Sobhuza II, Paramount Chief under British rule (1921–1968), King (1968–1982)
• Dzeliwe, Regent (1982–1983)
• Sozisa Dlamini, Acting Regent (1983)
• Ntfombi, Regent (1983–1986)
• Mswati III, King (1986–present)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Zihlathi Ndwandwe/Mkhatjwa, Ndlovukati (1957–1975)
• Seneleleni, Ndlovukati (1975–1982)
• Dzeliwe, Queen Regent and Ndlovukati (1982–1983)
• Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Makhosini Dlamini, Prime minister (1967–1976)
• Maphevu Dlamini, Prime minister (1976–1979)
• Ben Nsibandze, Acting Prime minister (1979)
• Mabandla Dlamini, Prime minister (1979–1983)
• Bhekimpi Dlamini, Prime minister (1983–1986)
• Sotsha Dlamini, Prime minister (1986–1989)
• Obed Dlamini, Prime minister (1989–1993)
• Andreas Fakudze, Acting Prime minister (1993)
• Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, Prime minister (1993–1996)
• Sishayi Nxumalo, Acting Prime minister (1996)
• Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003)

• Zambia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kenneth Kaunda, President (1964–1991)
• Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1973–1975)
• Elijah Mudenda, Prime minister (1975–1977)
• Mainza Chona, Prime minister (1977–1978)
• Daniel Lisulo, Prime minister (1978–1981)
• Nalumino Mundia, Prime minister (1981–1985)
• Kebby Musokotwane, Prime minister (1985–1989)
• Malimba Masheke, Prime minister (1989–1991)

• Rhodesia, unrecognised state

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Clifford Dupont, President (1970–1975)
• Henry Everard, Acting President (1975–1976)
• John Wrathall, President (1976–1978)
• Henry Everard, Acting President (1978)
• Jack William Pithey, Acting President (1978–1979)
• Henry Everard, Acting President (1979)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ian Smith, Prime minister (1964–1979)

• Zimbabwe Rhodesia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Josiah Zion Gumede, President (1979)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abel Muzorewa, Prime minister (1979)

• Zimbabwe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Canaan Banana, President (1980–1987)
• Robert Mugabe, President (1987–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Robert Mugabe, Prime minister (1980–1987)

Africa: West

• Liberia (complete list) –

• Garretson W. Gibson, President (1900–1904)
• Arthur Barclay, President (1904–1912)
• Daniel Edward Howard, President (1912–1920)
• Charles D. B. King, President (1920–1930)
• Edwin Barclay, President (1930–1944)
• William Tubman, President (1944–1971)
• William R. Tolbert Jr., President (1971–1980)
• Samuel Doe, Chairman of the People's Redemption Council (1980–1986), President (1986–1990)
• Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity (1990–1994)
• David D. Kpormakpor, Chairman of the Council of State (1994–1995)
• Wilton G. S. Sankawulo, Chairman of the Council of State (1995–1996)
• Ruth Perry, Chairwoman of the Council of State (1996–1997)
• Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003)

Americas

Americas: Caribbean

• Antigua and Barbuda

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Vere Bird, Prime minister (1981–1994)
• Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004)

• The Bahamas

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lynden Pindling, Prime minister (1973–1992)
• Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002)

• Barbados

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1966–1976)
• Tom Adams, Prime minister (1976–1985)
• Harold Bernard St. John, Prime minister (1985–1986)
• Errol Barrow, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, Prime minister (1987–1994)
• Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008)

• Cuba

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Tomás Estrada Palma, President (1902–1906)
• US occupation (1906–1909)
• José Miguel Gómez, President (1909–1913)
• Mario García Menocal, President (1913–1921)
• Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso, President (1921–1925)
• Gerardo Machado, President (1925–1933)
• Alberto Herrera y Franchi, Interim President (1933)
• Carlos Manuel de Céspedes y Quesada, President (1933)
• Pentarchy of 1933
• Ramón Grau, President (1933–1934)
• Carlos Hevia, Interim President (1934)
• Manuel Márquez Sterling, Interim President (1934)
• Carlos Mendieta, Interim President (1934–1935)
• José Agripino Barnet, Interim President (1935–1936)
• Miguel Mariano Gómez, President (1936)
• Federico Laredo Brú, President (1936–1940)
• Fulgencio Batista, President (1940–1944)
• Ramón Grau, President (1944–1948)
• Carlos Prío Socarrás, President (1948–1952)
• Fulgencio Batista, President (1952–1959)
• Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Interim President (1959)
• Carlos Manuel Piedra, Interim President (1959)
• Manuel Urrutia Lleó, President (1959)
• Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President (1959–1976)
• Fidel Castro, President (1976–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Carlos Saladrigas Zayas, Prime minister (1940–1942)
• Ramón Zaydín, Prime minister (1942–1944)
• Anselmo Alliegro y Milá, Prime minister (1944)
• Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1944–1945)
• Carlos Prío Socarrás, Prime minister (1945–1947)
• Raúl López del Castillo, Prime minister (1947–1948)
• Manuel Antonio de Varona, Prime minister (1948–1950)
• Félix Lancís Sánchez, Prime minister (1950–1951)
• Óscar Gans, Prime minister (1951–1952)
• Fulgencio Batista, Prime minister (1952)
• Jorge García Montes, Prime minister (1955–1957)
• Andrés Rivero Agüero, Prime minister (1957–1958)
• Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Prime minister (1958)
• Gonzalo Güell, Prime minister (1958–1959)
• José Miró Cardona, Prime minister (1959)
• Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)

• Dominica

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Louis Cools-Lartigue, Interim President (1978–1979, 1979)
• Fred Degazon, President (1979–1980)
• Jenner Armour, Acting President (1979–1980)
• Aurelius Marie, President (1980–1983)
• Clarence Seignoret, President (1983–1993)
• Crispin Sorhaindo, President (1993–1998)
• Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003)
• Nicholas Liverpool, President (2003–2012)
• Eliud Williams, President (2012–2013)
• Charles Savarin, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Patrick John, Prime minister (1978–1979)
• Oliver Seraphin, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Eugenia Charles, Prime minister (1980–1995)
• Edison James, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Rosie Douglas, Prime minister (2000)
• Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004)

• Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, President (1899–1902)
• Horacio Vásquez, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1902–1903)
• Alejandro Woss y Gil, President (1903)
• Carlos Felipe Morales, President (1903–1905)

• Manuel Lamarche García, Emiliano Tejera, Andrés Julio Montolío, Francisco Leonte Vásquez Lajara, Carlos Ginebra, Eladio Victoria, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Council of Secretaries of State (1905–1906)

• Ramón Cáceres, President (1906–1911)

• Miguel Antonio Román, José María Cabral, Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Manuel Lamarche García, Emilio Tejera, Rafael Díaz, Council of Secretaries of State (1911)

• Eladio Victoria, President (1911–1912)
• Adolfo Alejandro Nouel, Provisional President (1912–1913)
• José Bordas Valdez, Provisional President (1913–1914)
• Ramón Báez, Provisional President (1914)
• Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, President (1914–1916)

• Jaime Mota, Bernardo Pichardo, José Manuel Jimenes, Federico Velásquez y Hernández, Council of Secretaries of State (1916)

• Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal, President (1916)
• Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos, Provisional President (1922–1924)
• Horacio Vásquez, President (1924–1930)
• Rafael Estrella Ureña, Acting President (1930)
• Rafael Trujillo, President (1930–1938)
• Jacinto Peynado, President (1938–1940)
• Manuel de Jesús Troncoso de la Concha, President (1940–1942)
• Rafael Trujillo, President (1942–1952)
• Héctor Trujillo, President (1952–1960)
• Joaquín Balaguer, President (1960–1962)

• Armando Óscar Pacheco, Luis Amiama Tió, Antonio Imbert Barrera, Enrique Valdez Vidaurre, Wilfredo Medina Natalio, Huberto Bogaert, Civic-Military Council (1962)

• Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly, President (1962–1963)
• Juan Bosch, President (1963)
• Víctor Elby Viñas Román, Chairman of the Provisional Junta (1963)

• Emilio de los Santos y Salcié, Donald Reid Cabral, Manuel Enrique Tavares Espaillat, Ramón Tapia Espinal, Triumvirate (1963–1965)
• Vinicio Fernández Pérez, Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez, Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó, Eladio Ramírez Sánchez, Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Revolutionary Committee (1965)

• José Rafael Molina Ureña, Provisional President (1965)
• Pedro Bartolomé Benoit, Provisional President (1965)
• Antonio Imbert Barrera, President (1965)
• Héctor García-Godoy, Provisional President (1965–1966)
• Joaquín Balaguer, President (1966–1978)
• Antonio Guzmán Fernández, President (1978–1982)
• Jacobo Majluta Azar, President (1982)
• Salvador Jorge Blanco, President (1982–1986)
• Joaquín Balaguer, President (1986–1996)
• Leonel Fernández, President (1996–2000)
• Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004)

• Grenada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eric Gairy, Prime minister (1974–1979)
• Maurice Bishop, de facto Prime minister (1979–1983)
• Bernard Coard, de facto Prime minister (1983)
• Hudson Austin, de facto Prime minister (1983)
• Nicholas Brathwaite, de facto Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Herbert Blaize, Prime minister (1984–1989)
• Ben Jones (Grenada), Prime minister (1989–1990)
• Nicholas Brathwaite, Prime minister (1990–1995)
• George Brizan, Prime minister (1995)
• Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008)

• Haiti

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Tirésias Simon Sam, President (1896–1902)
• Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, Provisional President (1902)
• Pierre Nord Alexis, President (1902–1908)
• François C. Antoine Simon, President (1908–1911)
• Cincinnatus Leconte, President (1911–1912)
• Tancrède Auguste, President (1912–1913)
• Michel Oreste, President (1913–1914)
• Oreste Zamor, President (1914)
• Joseph Davilmar Théodore, President (1914–1915)
• Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, President (1915)
• Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave, President (1915–1922)
• Louis Borno, President (1922–1930)
• Louis Eugène Roy, President (1930)
• Sténio Vincent, President (1930–1941)
• Élie Lescot, President (1941–1946)
• Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Military Executive Committee (1946)
• Dumarsais Estimé, President (1946–1950)
• Franck Lavaud, Chairman of the Government Junta (1950)
• Paul Magloire, President (1950–1956)
• Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis, Provisional President (1956–1957)
• Franck Sylvain, Provisional President (1957)
• Executive Government Council (1957)
• Daniel Fignolé, Provisional President (1957)
• Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau, Chairman of the Military Council (1957)
• François Duvalier, President (1957–1964), President for Life (1964–1971)
• Jean-Claude Duvalier, President for Life (1971–1986)
• Henri Namphy, President of the National Council of Government (1986–1988)
• Leslie Manigat, President (1988)
• Henri Namphy, President (1988)
• Prosper Avril, President (1988–1990)
• Hérard Abraham, Acting President (1990)
• Ertha Pascal-Trouillot, Provisional President (1990–1991)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1991)
• Raoul Cédras, Acting President (1991)
• Joseph Nérette, Provisional President (1991–1992)
• Marc Bazin, Acting President (1992–1993)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1993–1994)
• Émile Jonassaint, Provisional President (1994)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (1994–1996)
• René Préval, President (1996–2001)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (2001–2004)
• Boniface Alexandre, Provisional President (2004–2006)
• René Préval, President (2006–2011)
• Michel Martelly, President (2011–2016)
• Council of Ministers (2016)
• Jocelerme Privert, Provisional President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Martial Célestin, Prime minister (1988)
• René Préval, Prime minister (1991)
• Jean-Jacques Honorat, Prime minister (1991–1992)
• Marc Bazin, Prime minister (1992–1993)
• Robert Malval, Prime minister (1993–1994)
• Smarck Michel, Prime minister (1994–1995)
• Claudette Werleigh, Prime minister (1995–1996)
• Rosny Smarth, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001)

• Jamaica

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Alexander Bustamante, Prime minister (1962–1967)
• Donald Sangster, Prime minister (1967)
• Hugh Shearer, Prime minister (1967–1972)
• Michael Manley, Prime minister (1972–1980)
• Edward Seaga, Prime minister (1980–1989)
• Michael Manley, Prime minister (1989–1992)
• P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006)

• Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kennedy Simmonds, Prime minister (1983–1995)
• Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015)

• Saint Lucia

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• John Compton, Prime minister (1979)
• Allan Louisy, Prime minister (1979–1981)
• Winston Cenac, Prime minister (1981–1982)
• Michael Pilgrim, Acting Prime minister (1982)
• John Compton, Prime minister (1982–1996)
• Vaughan Lewis, Prime minister (1996–1997)
• Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006)

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Milton Cato, Prime minister (1979–1984)
• James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime minister (1984–2000)
• Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001)

• Commonwealth realm of Trinidad and Tobago

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–1976)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981)

• Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ellis Clarke, President (1976–1987)
• Michael J. Williams, Acting President (1987)
• Noor Hassanali, President (1987–1997)
• A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003)
• George Maxwell Richards, President (2003–2013)
• Anthony Carmona, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eric Williams, Prime minister (1962–1981)
• George Chambers, Prime minister (1981–1986)
• A. N. R. Robinson, Prime minister (1986–1991)
• Patrick Manning, Prime minister (1991–1995)
• Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)

Americas: Central

• Belize

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1981–1984)
• Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1984–1989)
• George Cadle Price, Prime minister (1989–1993)
• Manuel Esquivel, Prime minister (1993–1998)
• Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008)

• Costa Rica (complete list) –

• Rafael Yglesias Castro, President (1894–1902)
• Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra, President (1902–1906)
• Cleto González Víquez, President (1906–1910)
• Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1910–1914)
• Alfredo González Flores, President (1914–1917)
• Federico Tinoco Granados, President (1917–1919)
• Juan Quirós Segura, President (1919)
• Francisco Aguilar Barquero, President (1919–1920)
• Julio Acosta García, President (1920–1924)
• Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1924–1928)
• Cleto González Víquez, President (1928–1932)
• Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno, President (1932–1936)
• León Cortés Castro, President (1936–1940)
• Rafael Calderón Guardia, President (1940–1944)
• Teodoro Picado Michalski, President (1944–1948)
• Santos León Herrera, Interim President (1948)
• José Figueres Ferrer, President (1948–1949)
• Otilio Ulate Blanco, President (1949–1953)
• José Figueres Ferrer, President (1953–1958)
• Mario Echandi Jiménez, President (1958–1962)
• Francisco Orlich Bolmarcich, President (1962–1966)
• José Trejos Fernández, President (1966–1970)
• José Figueres Ferrer, President (1970–1974)
• Daniel Oduber Quirós, President (1974–1978)
• Rodrigo Carazo Odio, President (1978–1982)
• Luis Monge Álvarez, President (1982–1986)
• Óscar Arias, President (1986–1990)
• Rafael Calderón Fournier, President (1990–1994)
• José Figueres Olsen, President (1994–1998)
• Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002)

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Tomás Regalado, President (1898–1903)
• Pedro José Escalón, President (1903–1907)
• Fernando Figueroa, President (1907–1911)
• Manuel Enrique Araujo, President (1911–1913)
• Carlos Meléndez Ramirez, Provisional President (1913–1914)
• Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Provisional President (1914–1915)
• Carlos Meléndez Ramirez, President (1915–1918)
• Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, Acting President (1918–1919)
• Jorge Meléndez, President (1919–1923)
• Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, President (1923–1927)
• Pío Romero Bosque, President (1927–1931)
• Arturo Araujo, President (1931)
• Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, Acting President (1931–1934)
• Andrés Ignacio Menéndez, Provisional President (1934–1935)
• Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President (1935–1944)
• Andrés Ignacio Menéndez, Provisional President (1944)
• Osmín Aguirre y Salinas, Provisional President (1944–1945)
• Salvador Castaneda Castro, President (1945–1948)
• Revolutionary Council of Government, (1948–1950)
• Óscar Osorio, President (1950–1956)
• José María Lemus, President (1956–1960)
• Junta of Government, (1960–1961)
• Civic-Military Directory, (1961–1962)
• Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea, Provisional President (1962)
• Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, President (1962–1967)
• Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President (1967–1972)
• Arturo Armando Molina, President (1972–1977)
• Carlos Humberto Romero, President (1977–1979)
• Revolutionary Government Junta, (1979–1982)
• Álvaro Magaña, President (1982–1984)
• José Napoleón Duarte, President (1984–1989)
• Alfredo Cristiani, President (1989–1994)
• Armando Calderón Sol, President (1994–1999)
• Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004)

• Guatemala (complete list) –

• Manuel Estrada Cabrera, President (1898–1920)
• Carlos Herrera, President (1920–1921)
• José María Orellana, President (1921–1926)
• Lázaro Chacón González, President (1926–1931)
• José María Reina Andrade, Acting President (1931)
• Jorge Ubico, President (1931–1944)
• Juan Federico Ponce Vaides, Acting President (1944)
• Revolutionary Government Junta, President (1944–1945)
• Juan José Arévalo, President (1945–1951)
• Jacobo Árbenz, President (1951–1954)
• Carlos Enrique Díaz de León, Provisional President (1954)
• Elfego Hernán Monzón Aguirre, Chairman of Military Junta (1954)
• Carlos Castillo Armas, President (1954–1957)
• Luis Arturo González López, Acting President (1957)
• Óscar Mendoza Azurdia, Chairman of Military Junta (1957)
• Guillermo Flores Avendaño, Acting President (1957–1958)
• Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, President (1958–1963)
• Enrique Peralta Azurdia, President (1963–1966)
• Julio César Méndez Montenegro, President (1966–1970)
• Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President (1970–1974)
• Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García, President (1974–1978)
• Fernando Romeo Lucas García, President (1978–1982)
• Efraín Ríos Montt, President (1982–1983)
• Óscar Humberto Mejía Victores, President (1983–1986)
• Vinicio Cerezo, President (1986–1991)
• Jorge Serrano Elías, President (1991–1993)
• Gustavo Adolfo Espina Salguero, President (1993)
• Ramiro de León Carpio, President (1993–1996)
• Álvaro Arzú, President (1996–2000)
• Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004)

• Honduras (complete list) –

• Terencio Sierra, President (1899–1903)
• Juan Ángel Arias Boquín, President (1903)
• Manuel Bonilla, President (1903–1907)
• Miguel Oquelí Bustillo, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1907)
• Miguel R. Dávila, President (1907–1911)
• Francisco Bertrand, Acting President (1911–1912)
• Manuel Bonilla, President (1912–1913)
• Francisco Bertrand, President (1913–1919)
• Salvador Aguirre, Acting President (1919)
• Vicente Mejía Colindres, Acting President (1919)
• Francisco Bográn, Acting President (1919–1920)
• Rafael López Gutiérrez, President (1920–1924)
• Francisco Bueso, Acting President (1924)
• Tiburcio Carías Andino, President as First Chief of the Liberating Revolution (1924)
• Vicente Tosta, Provisional President (1924–1925)
• Miguel Paz Barahona, President (1925–1929)
• Vicente Mejía Colindres, President (1929–1933)
• Tiburcio Carías Andino, President (1933–1949)
• Juan Manuel Gálvez, President (1949–1954)
• Julio Lozano Díaz, President (1954–1956)
• Military Government Council, President (1956–1957)
• Ramón Villeda Morales, President (1957–1963)
• Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1963–1971)
• Ramón Ernesto Cruz Uclés, President (1971–1972)
• Oswaldo López Arellano, President (1972–1975)
• Juan Alberto Melgar Castro, President (1975–1978)
• Policarpo Paz García, Provisional President (1978–1982)
• Roberto Suazo Córdova, President (1982–1986)
• José Azcona del Hoyo, President (1986–1990)
• Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero, President (1990–1994)
• Carlos Roberto Reina, President (1994–1998)
• Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002)

• Nicaragua (complete list) –

• José Santos Zelaya, President (1893–1909)
• José Madriz, Acting President (1909–1910)
• José Dolores Estrada, Acting President (1910)
• Luis Mena, Acting President (1910)
• Juan José Estrada, Provisional President (1910–1911)
• Adolfo Díaz, President (1911–1917)
• Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, President (1917–1921)
• Diego Manuel Chamorro, President (1921–1923)
• Rosendo Chamorro, Acting President (1923)
• Bartolomé Martínez, President (1923–1925)
• Carlos José Solórzano, President (1925–1926)
• Emiliano Chamorro Vargas, de facto President (1926)
• Sebastián Uriza, Acting President (1926)
• Adolfo Díaz, President (1926–1929)
• José María Moncada, President (1929–1933)
• Juan Bautista Sacasa, President (1933–1936)
• Carlos Alberto Brenes, Acting President (1936–1937)
• Anastasio Somoza García, President (1937–1947)
• Leonardo Argüello Barreto, President (1947)
• Benjamín Lacayo Sacasa, Acting President (1947)
• Víctor Manuel Román y Reyes, President (1947–1950)
• Manuel Fernando Zurita, Acting President (1950)
• Anastasio Somoza García, President (1950–1956)
• Luis Somoza Debayle, President (1956–1963)
• René Schick, President (1963–1966)
• Orlando Montenegro Medrano, Acting President (1966)
• Lorenzo Guerrero, President (1966–1967)
• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1967–1972)
• Liberal-Conservative Junta, President (1972–1974)
• Anastasio Somoza Debayle, President (1974–1979)
• Francisco Urcuyo, Acting President (1979)
• Junta of National Reconstruction: Daniel Ortega, Coordinator (1979–1985)
• Daniel Ortega, President (1985–1990)
• Violeta Chamorro, President (1990–1997)
• Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002)

• Panama

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Manuel Amador Guerrero, President (1904–1908)
• José Domingo de Obaldía, President (1908–1910)
• Carlos Antonio Mendoza, Acting President (1910)
• Federico Boyd, Acting President (1910)
• Pablo Arosemena, Acting President (1910–1912)
• Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1912–1916)
• Ramón Maximiliano Valdés, President (1916–1918)
• Ciro Luis Urriola, Acting President (1918)
• Pedro Antonio Díaz, Acting President (1918)
• Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1918–1920)
• Ernesto Tisdel Lefevre, Acting President (1920)
• Belisario Porras Barahona, President (1920–1924)
• Rodolfo Chiari, President (1924–1928)
• Florencio Harmodio Arosemena, President (1928–1931)
• Harmodio Arias Madrid, Acting President (1931)
• Ricardo Joaquín Alfaro Jované, President (1931–1932)
• Harmodio Arias Madrid, President (1932–1936)
• Juan Demóstenes Arosemena, President (1936–1939)
• Ezequiel Fernández, Acting President (1939)
• Augusto Samuel Boyd, Acting President (1939–1940)
• Arnulfo Arias, President (1940–1941)
• Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia Arango, President (1941–1945)
• Enrique Adolfo Jiménez, Provisional President (1945–1948)
• Domingo Díaz Arosemena, President (1948–1949)
• Daniel Chanis Pinzón, President (1949)
• Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1949)
• Arnulfo Arias, President (1949–1951)
• Alcibíades Arosemena, President (1951–1952)
• José Antonio Remón Cantera, President (1952–1955)
• José Ramón Guizado, President (1955)
• Ricardo Arias, President (1955–1956)
• Ernesto de la Guardia, President (1956–1960)
• Roberto Francisco Chiari Remón, President (1960–1964)
• Marco Aurelio Robles, President (1964–1968)
• Arnulfo Arias, President (1968)
• José María Pinilla Fábrega, Bolívar Urrutia Parrilla, Military junta/ Presidents (1968–1969)
• Demetrio B. Lakas, President (1969–1978)
• Aristides Royo, President (1978–1982)
• Ricardo de la Espriella, President (1982–1984)
• Jorge Illueca, President (1984)
• Nicolás Ardito Barletta Vallarino, President (1984–1985)
• Eric Arturo Delvalle, Acting President (1985–1988)
• Manuel Solís Palma, Acting President (1988–1989)
• Francisco Rodríguez, Provisional President (1989)
• Guillermo Endara, President (1989–1994)
• Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President (1994–1999)
• Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004)

• Military leaders: de facto Heads of state (1968–1989)

• Omar Torrijos, Military leader (1968–1981)
• Florencio Flores Aguilar, Military leader (1981–1982)
• Rubén Darío Paredes, Military leader (1982–1983)
• Manuel Noriega, Military leader (1983–1989)

Americas: North

• Canada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George V, King (1931–1936)
• Edward VIII, King (1936)
• George VI, King (1936–1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Wilfrid Laurier, Prime minister (1896–1911)
• Robert Borden, Prime minister (1911–1920)
• Arthur Meighen, Prime minister (1920–1921)
• William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1921–1926)
• Arthur Meighen, Prime minister (1926)
• William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1926–1930)
• R. B. Bennett, Prime minister (1930–1935)
• William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime minister (1935–1948)
• Louis St. Laurent, Prime minister (1948–1957)
• John Diefenbaker, Prime minister (1957–1963)
• Lester B. Pearson, Prime minister (1963–1968)
• Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1968–1979)
• Joe Clark, Prime minister (1979–1980)
• Pierre Trudeau, Prime minister (1980–1984)
• John Turner, Prime minister (1984)
• Brian Mulroney, Prime minister (1984–1993)
• Kim Campbell, Prime minister (1993)
• Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003)

• Mexico (complete list) –

• Porfirio Díaz, President (1884–1911)
• Francisco León de la Barra, President (1911)
• Francisco I. Madero, President (1911–1913)
• Pedro Lascuráin, President (1913)
• Victoriano Huerta, President (1913–1914)
• Francisco S. Carvajal, President (1914)
• Eulalio Gutiérrez, President (1914–1915)
• Roque González Garza, President (1915)
• Francisco Lagos Cházaro, Provisional President (1915)
• Venustiano Carranza, First Chief of the Constitutional Army (1914–1917), President (1917–1920)
• Adolfo de la Huerta, President (1920)
• Álvaro Obregón, President (1920–1924)
• Plutarco Elías Calles, President (1924–1928)
• Emilio Portes Gil, Interim President (1928–1930)
• Pascual Ortiz Rubio, President (1930–1932)
• Abelardo L. Rodríguez, President (1932–1934)
• Lázaro Cárdenas, President (1934–1940)
• Manuel Ávila Camacho, President (1940–1946)
• Miguel Alemán Valdés, President (1946–1952)
• Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, President (1952–1958)
• Adolfo López Mateos, President (1958–1964)
• Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, President (1964–1970)
• Luis Echeverría, President (1970–1976)
• José López Portillo, President (1976–1982)
• Miguel de la Madrid, President (1982–1988)
• Carlos Salinas de Gortari, President (1988–1994)
• Ernesto Zedillo, President (1994–2000)
• Vicente Fox, President (2000–2006)

• United States (complete list) –

• William McKinley, President (1897–1901)
• Theodore Roosevelt, President (1901–1909)
• William Howard Taft, President (1909–1913)
• Woodrow Wilson, President (1913–1921)
• Warren G. Harding, President (1921–1923)
• Calvin Coolidge, President (1923–1929)
• Herbert Hoover, President (1929–1933)
• Franklin D. Roosevelt, President (1933–1945)
• Harry S. Truman, President (1945–1953)
• Dwight D. Eisenhower, President (1953–1961)
• John F. Kennedy, President (1961–1963)
• Lyndon B. Johnson, President (1963–1969)
• Richard Nixon, President (1969–1974)
• Gerald Ford, President (1974–1977)
• Jimmy Carter, President (1977–1981)
• Ronald Reagan, President (1981–1989)
• George H. W. Bush, President (1989–1993)
• Bill Clinton, President (1993–2001)

Americas: South

• Argentina (complete list) –

• Julio Argentino Roca, President (1898–1904)
• Manuel Quintana, President (1904–1906)
• José Figueroa Alcorta, President (1906–1910)
• Roque Sáenz Peña, President (1910–1914)
• Victorino de la Plaza, President (1914–1916)
• Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1916–1922)
• Marcelo Torcuato de Alvear, President (1922–1928)
• Hipólito Yrigoyen, President (1928–1930)
• José Félix Uriburu, President (1930–1932)
• Agustín Pedro Justo, President (1932–1938)
• Roberto María Ortiz, President (1938–1942)
• Ramón Castillo, President (1942–1943)
• Arturo Rawson, de facto President (1943)
• Pedro Pablo Ramírez, de facto President (1943–1944)
• Edelmiro Julián Farrell, de facto President (1944–1946)
• Juan Perón, de facto President (1946–1955)
• Eduardo Lonardi, de facto President (1955)
• Pedro Eugenio Aramburu, de facto President (1955–1958)
• Arturo Frondizi, President (1958–1962)
• José María Guido, President (1962–1963)
• Arturo Umberto Illia, President (1963–1966)
• Military Junta, (1966)
• Juan Carlos Onganía, de facto President (1966–1970)
• Military Junta, (1970)
• Roberto M. Levingston, de facto President (1970–1971)
• Alejandro A. Lanusse, de facto President (1971–1973)
• Héctor José Cámpora, President (1973)
• Raúl Alberto Lastiri, Interim President (1973)
• Juan Perón, President (1973–1974)
• Isabel Martínez de Perón, President (1974–1976)
• Jorge Rafael Videla, President of the Military Junta (1976–1981)
• Roberto Eduardo Viola, President of the Military Junta (1981)
• Horacio Tomás Liendo, Acting President (1981)
• Carlos Alberto Lacoste, Interim President (1981)
• Leopoldo Galtieri, President of the Military Junta (1981–1982)
• Alfredo Oscar Saint-Jean, Interim President (1982)
• Reynaldo Bignone, de facto President (1982–1983)
• Raúl Alfonsín, President (1983–1989)
• Carlos Menem, President (1989–1999)
• Fernando de la Rúa, President (1999–2001)

• Bolivia (complete list) –

• José Manuel Pando, President (1899–1904)
• Ismael Montes, President (1904–1909)
• Eliodoro Villazón, President (1909–1913)
• Ismael Montes, President (1913–1917)
• José Gutiérrez Guerra, President (1917–1920)
• Government Junta, Members: Bautista Saavedra, José María Escalier, José Manuel Ramírez (1920–1921)
• Bautista Saavedra, President (1921–1925)
• Felipe S. Guzmán, Provisional President (1925–1926)
• Hernando Siles Reyes, President (1926–1930)
• Council of Ministers, Members: Alberto Díez de Medina, Germán Antelo Arauz, Franklin Mercado, David Toro, José Aguirre Achá, Fidel Vega, Carlos Banzer, Ezequiel Romecín Calderón (1930)
• Carlos Blanco Galindo, Chairman of the Military Government Junta (1930–1931)
• Daniel Salamanca Urey, President (1931–1934)
• José Luis Tejada Sorzano, President (1934–1936)
• Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta (1936)
• David Toro, Chairman of the Government Junta (1936–1937)
• Germán Busch, Chairman of the Government Junta (1937–1938), President (1938–1939)
• Carlos Quintanilla, Provisional President (1939–1940)
• Enrique Peñaranda, President (1940–1943)
• Gualberto Villarroel, Chairman of the Government Junta (1943–1944), President (1944–1946)
• Néstor Guillén, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1946)
• Tomás Monje, Chairman of the Provisional Government Junta (1946–1947)
• Enrique Hertzog, President (1947–1949)
• Mamerto Urriolagoitía, President (1949–1951)
• Hugo Ballivián, Chairman of the Military Junta (1951–1952)
• Hernán Siles Zuazo, Provisional President (1952)
• Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1952–1956)
• Hernán Siles Zuazo, President (1956–1960)
• Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1960–1964)
• René Barrientos, Chairman of the Military Junta (1964–1965)
• René Barrientos and Alfredo Ovando Candía, Co-Chairmen of the Military Junta (1965–1966)
• Alfredo Ovando Candía, Chairman of the Military Junta (1966)
• René Barrientos, President (1966–1969)
• Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas, President (1969)
• Alfredo Ovando Candía, President (1969–1970)
• Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1970, Members: Efraín Guachalla Ibáñez, Fernando Sattori Ribera, Alberto Albarracín Crespo (1970)
• Juan José Torres, President (1970–1971)
• Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971, Members: Andrés Selich Chop (Chairmen), Hugo Banzer, Jaime Florentino Mendieta (1971)
• Hugo Banzer, President (1971–1978)
• Víctor González Fuentes, Chairman of the Military Junta (1978)
• Juan Pereda, President (1978)
• David Padilla, Chairman of the Military Junta (1978–1979)
• Wálter Guevara, Acting President (1979)
• Alberto Natusch, President (1979)
• Lidia Gueiler Tejada, Acting President (1979–1980)
• Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1980, Members: Luis García Meza Tejada, Waldo Bernal Pereira, Ramiro Terrazas Rodríguez (1980)
• Luis García Meza Tejada, President (1980–1981)
• Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1981, Members: Waldo Bernal Pereira, Celso Torrelio, Óscar Jaime Pammo (1981)
• Celso Torrelio, President (1981–1982)
• Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1982, Members: Natalio Morales Mosquera, Óscar Jaime Pammo, Ángel Mariscal Gómez (1982)
• Guido Vildoso, President (1982)
• Hernán Siles Zuazo, President (1982–1985)
• Víctor Paz Estenssoro, President (1985–1989)
• Jaime Paz Zamora, President (1989–1993)
• Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President (1993–1997)
• Hugo Banzer, President (1997–2001)

• First Brazilian Republic (complete list) –

• Campos Sales, President (1898–1902)
• Rodrigues Alves, President (1902–1906)
• Afonso Pena, President (1906–1909)
• Nilo Peçanha, President (1909–1910)
• Hermes da Fonseca, President (1910–1914)
• Venceslau Brás, President (1914–1918)
• Delfim Moreira, President (1918–1919)
• Epitácio Pessoa, President (1919–1922)
• Arthur Bernardes, President (1922–1926)
• Washington Luís, President (1926–1930)

• Vargas Era Brazil (complete list) –

• Military Junta: Augusto Fragoso, Isaías de Noronha, Mena Barreto, President (1930)
• Getúlio Vargas, President (1930–1945)
• José Linhares, President (1945–1946)

• Second Brazilian Republic (complete list) –

• Eurico Gaspar Dutra, President (1946–1951)
• Getúlio Vargas, President (1951–1954)
• Café Filho, President (1954–1955)
• Carlos Luz, President (1955)
• Nereu Ramos, President (1955–1956)
• Juscelino Kubitschek, President (1956–1961)
• Jânio Quadros, President (1961)
• Ranieri Mazzilli, President (1961)
• João Goulart, President (1961–1964)

• Brazilian military regime (complete list) –

• Ranieri Mazzilli, President (1964)
• Humberto Castello Branco, President (1964–1967)
• Artur da Costa e Silva, President (1967–1969)
• Military Junta: Augusto Rademaker, Aurélio de Lira Tavares, Márcio Melo, President (1969)
• Emílio Garrastazu Médici, President (1969–1974)
• Ernesto Geisel, President (1974–1979)
• João Figueiredo, President (1979–1985)

• Federative Republic of Brazil (complete list) –

• Tancredo Neves, President (1985)
• José Sarney, President (1985–1990)
• Fernando Collor de Mello, President (1990–1992)
• Itamar Franco, President (1992–1994)
• Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President (1995–2002)

• Chile (complete list) –

• Federico Errázuriz Echaurren, President (1896–1901)
• Germán Riesco, President (1901–1906)
• Pedro Montt, President (1906–1910)
• Ramón Barros Luco, President (1910–1915)
• Juan Luis Sanfuentes, President (1915–1920)
• Arturo Alessandri, President (1920–1924)
• Luis Altamirano, President of Government Junta (1924–1925)
• Pedro Dartnell, Provisional President (1925)
• Emilio Bello Codesido, President of Government Junta (1925)
• Arturo Alessandri, President (1925)
• Emiliano Figueroa, President (1925–1927)
• Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President (1927–1931)
• Juan Esteban Montero, President (1931–1932)
• Arturo Puga, President of Government Junta (1932)
• Carlos Dávila, Provisional President (1932)
• Bartolomé Blanche, Provisional President (1932)
• Abraham Oyanedel, Acting President (1932)
• Arturo Alessandri, President (1932–1938)
• Pedro Aguirre Cerda, President (1938–1941)
• Juan Antonio Ríos, President (1942–1946)
• Gabriel González Videla, President (1946–1952)
• Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, President (1952–1958)
• Jorge Alessandri, President (1958–1964)
• Eduardo Frei Montalva, President (1964–1970)
• Salvador Allende, President (1970–1973)
• Augusto Pinochet, President of Government Junta (1973–1981)
• Augusto Pinochet, President (1981–1990)
• Patricio Aylwin, President (1990–1994)
• Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President (1994–2000)
• Ricardo Lagos, President (2000–2006)

• Republic of Colombia (complete list) –

• José Manuel Marroquín Ricaurte, President (1900–1904)
• Rafael Reyes Prieto, President (1904–1909)
• Ramón González Valencia, President (1909–1910)
• Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo, President (1910–1914)
• José Vicente Concha Ferreira, President (1914–1918)
• Marco Fidel Suárez, President (1918–1921)
• Jorge Holguín, President (1921–1922)
• Pedro Nel Ospina Vázquez, President (1922–1926)
• Miguel Abadía Méndez, President (1926–1930)
• Enrique Olaya Herrera, President (1930–1934)
• Alfonso López Pumarejo, President (1934–1938)
• Eduardo Santos Montejo, President (1938–1942)
• Alfonso López Pumarejo, President (1942–1946)
• Mariano Ospina Pérez, President (1946–1950)
• Laureano Gómez Castro, President (1950–1953)
• Gustavo Rojas Pinilla, President (1953–1957)
• Military Junta (1957–1958)
• Alberto Lleras Camargo, President (1958–1962)
• Guillermo León Valencia, President (1962–1966)
• Carlos Lleras Restrepo, President (1966–1970)
• Misael Pastrana Borrero, President (1970–1974)
• Alfonso López Michelsen, President (1974–1978)
• Julio César Turbay Ayala, President (1978–1982)
• Belisario Betancur Cuartas, President (1982–1986)
• Virgilio Barco Vargas, President (1986–1990)
• César Gaviria Trujillo, President (1990–1994)
• Ernesto Samper Pizano, President (1994–1998)
• Andrés Pastrana Arango, President (1998–2002)

• Ecuador (complete list) –

• Eloy Alfaro, Jéfe Supremo (1895–1896), Interim President (1896–1897), President (1897–1901)
• Leónidas Plaza, President (1901–1905)
• Lizardo García, President (1905–1906)
• Eloy Alfaro, Jéfe Supremo (1906), Interim President (1906–1907), President (1907–1911)
• Carlos Freile Zaldumbide, Acting President (1911)
• Emilio Estrada, President (1911)
• Carlos Freile Zaldumbide, Acting President (1911–1912)
• Francisco Andrade Marín, Acting President (1912)
• Alfredo Baquerizo, Acting President (1912)
• Leónidas Plaza, President (1912–1916)
• Alfredo Baquerizo, President (1916–1920)
• José Luis Tamayo, President (1920–1924)
• Gonzalo Córdova, President (1924–1925)
• Provisional Government (1925–1926)
• Isidro Ayora, Interim President (1926–1929), President (1929–1931)
• Luis Larrea Alba, Minister of Government (1931)
• Alfredo Baquerizo, President of the Senate (1931–1932)
• Carlos Freile Larrea, Minister of Government (1932)
• Alberto Guerrero Martínez, President of the Senate (1932)
• Juan de Dios Martínez, President (1932–1933)
• Abelardo Montalvo, Acting President (1933–1934)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1934–1935)
• Antonio Pons, Acting President (1935)
• Federico Páez, Jéfe Supremo (1935–1937)
• Alberto Enríquez Gallo, Jéfe Supremo (1937–1938)
• Manuel María Borrero, Interim President (1938)
• Aurelio Mosquera, President (1938–1939)
• Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, Acting President (1939)
• Andrés Córdova, Acting President (1939–1940)
• Julio Enrique Moreno, Acting President (1940)
• Carlos Alberto Arroyo del Río, President (1940–1944)
• Julio Teodoro Salem, Acting President (1944)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President of the Republic (1944), Constitutional President (1944–1946), President of the Republic (1946), Constitutional President (1946–1947)
• Carlos Mancheno Cajas, Jéfe Supremo (1947)
• Mariano Suárez Veintimilla, President (1947)
• C.J. Arosemena Tola, President (1947–1948)
• Galo Plaza, President (1948–1952)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1952–1956)
• Camilo Ponce Enríquez, President (1956–1960)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1960–1961)
• C.J. Arosemena Monroy, President (1961–1963)
• Military Junta, Members: Ramón Castro Jijón, Luis Cabrera Sevilla, Guillermo Freile Posso, Marcos Gándara (1963–1966)
• Clemente Yerovi, Acting President (1966)
• Otto Arosemena, Interim President (1966–1967), Constitutional President (1967–1968)
• José María Velasco Ibarra, President (1968–1970), Jéfe Supremo (1970–1972)
• Guillermo Rodríguez Lara, de facto President (1972–1976)
• Supreme Government Council, Alfredo Poveda, Guillermo Durán, Luis Leoro Franco (1976–1979)
• Jaime Roldós Aguilera, President (1979–1981)
• Osvaldo Hurtado, President (1981–1984)
• León Febres Cordero, President (1984–1988)
• Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, President (1988–1992)
• Sixto Durán Ballén, President (1992–1996)
• Abdalá Bucaram, President (1996–1997)
• Fabián Alarcón, Interim President (1997)
• Rosalía Arteaga, Acting President (1997)
• Fabián Alarcón, Interim President (1997–1998)
• Jamil Mahuad, President (1998–2000)
• Gustavo Noboa, President (2000–2003)

• Commonwealth realm of Guyana

• Monarch (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–1970)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Forbes Burnham, Prime minister (1964–1980)

• Co-operative Republic of Guyana

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Edward Luckhoo, Acting President (1970)
• Arthur Chung, President (1970–1980)
• Forbes Burnham, President (1980–1985)
• Desmond Hoyte, President (1985–1992)
• Cheddi Jagan, President (1992–1997)
• Sam Hinds, President (1997)
• Janet Jagan, President (1997–1999)
• Bharrat Jagdeo, President (1999–2011)
• Donald Ramotar, President (2011–2015)
• David A. Granger, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Forbes Burnham, Prime minister (1964–1980)
• Ptolemy Reid, Prime minister (1980–1984)
• Desmond Hoyte, Prime minister (1984–1985)
• Hamilton Green, Prime minister (1985–1992)
• Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1992–1997)
• Janet Jagan, Prime minister (1997)
• Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1997–1999)
• Bharrat Jagdeo, Prime minister (1999)
• Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1999–2015)

• Paraguay (complete list) –

• Emilio Aceval, President (1898–1902)
• Andrés Héctor Carvallo, President (1902)
• Juan Antonio Escurra, President (1902–1904)
• Juan Bautista Gaona, President (1904–1905)
• Cecilio Báez, President (1905–1906)
• Benigno Ferreira, President (1906–1908)
• Emiliano González Navero, President (1908–1910)
• Manuel Gondra, President (1910–1911)
• Albino Jara, President (1911)
• Liberato Marcial Rojas, President (1911–1912)
• Pedro Peña, President (1912)
• Emiliano González Navero, President (1912)
• Eduardo Schaerer, President (1912–1916)
• Manuel Franco, President (1916–1919)
• José Pedro Montero, President (1919–1920)
• Manuel Gondra, President (1920–1921)
• Eusebio Ayala, President (1921–1923)
• Eligio Ayala, President (1923–1924)
• Luis Alberto Riart, President (1924)
• Eligio Ayala, President (1924–1928)
• José Guggiari, President (1928–1932)
• Eusebio Ayala, President (1932–1936)
• Rafael Franco, President (1936–1937)
• Félix Paiva, President (1937–1939)
• José Estigarribia, President (1939–1940)
• Higinio Moríñigo, President (1940–1948)
• Juan Manuel Frutos, President (1948)
• Juan González, President (1948–1949)
• Raimundo Rolón, President (1949)
• Felipe Molas, President (1949)
• Federico Chávez, President (1949–1954)
• Tomás Romero, President (1954)
• Alfredo Stroessner, President (1954–1989)
• Andrés Rodríguez, President (1989–1993)
• Juan Carlos Wasmosy, President (1993–1998)
• Raúl Cubas, President (1998–1999)
• Luis González, President (1999–2003)

• Peru (complete list) –

• Eduardo López de Romaña, Constitutional President (1899–1903)
• Manuel Candamo, Constitutional President (1903–1904)
• Serapio Calderón, President of the Government Junta (1904)
• José Pardo y Barreda, Constitutional President (1904–1908)
• Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1908–1912)
• Guillermo Billinghurst, Constitutional President (1912–1914)
• Óscar R. Benavides, Interim President (1914–1915)
• José Pardo y Barreda, Constitutional President (1915–1919)
• Augusto B. Leguía y Salcedo, Constitutional President (1919–1930)
• Manuel María Ponce Brousset, Interim President (1930)
• Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1930–1931)
• Ricardo Leoncio Elías Arias, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1931)
• Gustavo Jiménez, President of the Provisional Government Junta (1931)
• David Samanez Ocampo, President of the Southern Junta (1931)
• Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, Constitutional President (1931–1933)
• Óscar Benavides, Constitutional President (1933–1939)
• Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Constitutional President (1939–1945)
• José Bustamante y Rivero, Constitutional President (1945–1948)
• Manuel A. Odría, President (1948–1950)
• Zenón Noriega Agüero, President (1950)
• Manuel A. Odría, Constitutional President (1950–1956)
• Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, Constitutional President (1956–1962)
• Ricardo Pérez Godoy, President of the Military Junta (1962–1963)
• Nicolás Lindley López, President of the Military Junta (1963)
• Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Constitutional President (1963–1968)
• Juan Velasco Alvarado, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (1968–1975)
• Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces (1975–1980)
• Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Constitutional President (1980–1985)
• Alan García Pérez, Constitutional President (1985–1990)
• Alberto Fujimori, Constitutional President (1990–1992), de facto President (1992–1995), Constitutional President (1995–2000)
• Valentín Paniagua, President of Transition Government (2000–2001)

• Republic of Suriname

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Johan Ferrier, President (1975–1980)
• Hendrick Chin A Sen, President (1980–1982)
• Fred Ramdat Misier, President (1982–1988)
• Ramsewak Shankar, President (1988–1990)
• Ivan Graanoogst , Acting President (1990)
• Johan Kraag, President (1990–1991)
• Ronald Venetiaan, President (1991–1996)
• Jules Wijdenbosch, President (1996–2000)
• Ronald Venetiaan, President (2000–2010)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Henck Arron, Prime minister (1975–1980)
• Hendrick Chin A Sen, Prime minister (1980–1982)
• Henry Roëll Neijhorst, Prime minister (1982)
• Liakat Ali Errol Alibux, Prime minister (1983–1984)
• Willem Alfred Udenhout, Prime minister (1984–1986)
• Pretaap Radhakishun, Prime minister (1986–1987)
• Jules Wijdenbosch, Prime minister (1987–1988)

• Uruguay (complete list) –

• Juan Lindolfo Cuestas, President (1899–1903)
• José Batlle y Ordóñez, President (1903–1907)
• Claudio Williman, President (1907–1911)
• José Batlle y Ordóñez, President (1911–1915)
• Feliciano Viera, President (1915–1919)
• Baltasar Brum, President (1919–1923)
• José Serrato, President (1923–1927)
• Juan Campisteguy, President (1927–1931)
• Gabriel Terra, President (1931–1939)
• Alfredo Baldomir, President (1939–1943)
• Juan José de Amézaga, President (1943–1947)
• Tomás Berreta, President (1947)
• Luis Batlle Berres, President (1947–1951)
• Andrés Martínez Trueba, President (1951–1955)
• Luis Batlle Berres, President (National Council of Government) (1955–1956)
• Alberto Fermín Zubiría, President (National Council of Government) (1956–1957)
• Arturo Lezama , President (National Council of Government) (1957–1958)
• Carlos Fischer, President (National Council of Government) (1958–1959)
• Martín Echegoyen, President (National Council of Government) (1959–1960)
• Benito Nardone, President (National Council of Government) (1960–1961)
• Eduardo Víctor Haedo, President (National Council of Government) (1961–1962)
• Faustino Harrison, President (National Council of Government) (1962–1963)
• Daniel Fernández Crespo, President (National Council of Government) (1963–1964)
• Luis Giannattasio, President (National Council of Government) (1964–1965)
• Washington Beltrán, President (National Council of Government) (1965–1966)
• Alberto Héber Usher, President (National Council of Government) (1966–1967)
• Óscar Diego Gestido, President (1967)
• Jorge Pacheco Areco, President (1967–1972)
• Juan María Bordaberry, President (1972–1976)
• Alberto Demicheli, Acting President (1976)
• Aparicio Méndez, Acting President (1976–1981)
• Gregorio Conrado Álvarez, Acting President (1981–1985)
• Rafael Addiego Bruno, Acting President (1985)
• Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1985–1990)
• Luis Alberto Lacalle, President (1990–1995)
• Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1995–2000)
• Jorge Batlle, President (2000–2005)

• Venezuela (complete list) –

• Cipriano Castro, President (1899–1908)
• Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1908–1913)
• José Gil Fortoul, Interim President (1913–1914)
• Victorino Márquez Bustillos, President (1914–1922)
• Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1922–1929)
• Juan Bautista Pérez, President (1929–1931)
• Juan Vicente Gómez, President (1931–1935)
• Eleazar López Contreras, President (1935–1941)
• Isaías Medina Angarita, President (1941–1945)
• Rómulo Betancourt, President (1945–1948)
• Rómulo Gallegos, President (1948)
• Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, President (1948–1950)
• Germán Suárez Flamerich, Interim President (1950–1952)
• Marcos Pérez Jiménez, Provisional President (1952–1953), President (1953–1958)
• Wolfgang Larrazábal, President (1958)
• Edgar Sanabria, Interim President (1958–1959)
• Rómulo Betancourt, President (1959–1964)
• Raúl Leoni, President (1964–1969)
• Rafael Caldera, President (1969–1974)
• Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1974–1979)
• Luis Herrera Campins, President (1979–1984)
• Jaime Lusinchi, President (1984–1989)
• Carlos Andrés Pérez, President (1989–1993)
• Octavio Lepage, Acting President (1993)
• Ramón José Velásquez, Interim President (1993–1994)
• Rafael Caldera, President (1994–1999)
• Hugo Chávez, President (1999–2002, 2002–2013)

Europe

Europe: British Isles

• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Victoria, Queen (1837–1901)
• Edward VII, King (1901–1910)
• George V, King (1910–1936)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Salisbury, Prime minister (1895–1902)
• Arthur Balfour, Prime minister (1902–1905)
• Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime minister (1905–1908)
• H. H. Asquith, Prime minister (1908–1916)
• David Lloyd George, Prime minister (1916–1922)
• Bonar Law, Prime minister (1922)

• United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• George V, King (1910–1936)
• Edward VIII, King (1936)
• George VI, King (1936–1952)
• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bonar Law, Prime minister (1922–1923)
• Stanley Baldwin, Prime minister (1923–1924)
• Ramsay MacDonald, Prime minister (1924)
• Stanley Baldwin, Prime minister (1924–1929)
• Ramsay MacDonald, Prime minister (1929–1935)
• Stanley Baldwin, Prime minister (1935–1937)
• Neville Chamberlain, Prime minister (1937–1940)
• Winston Churchill, Prime minister (1940–1945)
• Clement Attlee, Prime minister (1945–1951)
• Winston Churchill, Prime minister (1951–1955)
• Anthony Eden, Prime minister (1955–1957)
• Harold Macmillan, Prime minister (1957–1963)
• Alec Douglas-Home, Prime minister (1963–1964)
• Harold Wilson, Prime minister (1964–1970)
• Edward Heath, Prime minister (1970–1974)
• Harold Wilson, Prime minister (1974–1976)
• James Callaghan, Prime minister (1976–1979)
• Margaret Thatcher, Prime minister (1979–1990)
• John Major, Prime minister (1990–1997)
• Tony Blair, Prime minister (1997–2007)

Europe: Central

• Switzerland (complete list) –

• Ernst Brenner, President of the Confederation (1901)
• Josef Zemp, President of the Confederation (1902)
• Adolf Deucher, President of the Confederation (1903)
• Robert Comtesse, President of the Confederation (1904)
• Marc-Emile Ruchet, President of the Confederation (1905)
• Ludwig Forrer, President of the Confederation (1906)
• Eduard Müller, President of the Confederation (1907)
• Ernst Brenner, President of the Confederation (1908)
• Adolf Deucher, President of the Confederation (1909)
• Robert Comtesse, President of the Confederation (1910)
• Marc-Emile Ruchet, President of the Confederation (1911)
• Ludwig Forrer, President of the Confederation (1912)
• Eduard Müller, President of the Confederation (1913)
• Arthur Hoffmann, President of the Confederation (1914)
• Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1915)
• Camille Decoppet, President of the Confederation (1916)
• Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1917)
• Felix Calonder, President of the Confederation (1918)
• Gustave Ador, President of the Confederation (1919)
• Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1920)
• Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1921)
• Robert Haab, President of the Confederation (1922)
• Karl Scheurer, President of the Confederation (1923)
• Ernest Chuard, President of the Confederation (1924)
• Jean-Marie Musy, President of the Confederation (1925)
• Heinrich Häberlin, President of the Confederation (1926)
• Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1927)
• Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1928)
• Robert Haab, President of the Confederation (1929)
• Jean-Marie Musy, President of the Confederation (1930)
• Heinrich Häberlin, President of the Confederation (1931)
• Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1932)
• Edmund Schulthess, President of the Confederation (1933)
• Marcel Pilet-Golaz, President of the Confederation (1934)
• Rudolf Minger, President of the Confederation (1935)
• Albert Meyer, President of the Confederation (1936)
• Giuseppe Motta, President of the Confederation (1937)
• Johannes Baumann, President of the Confederation (1938)
• Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1939)
• Marcel Pilet-Golaz, President of the Confederation (1940)
• Ernst Wetter, President of the Confederation (1941)
• Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1942)
• Enrico Celio, President of the Confederation (1943)
• Walther Stampfli, President of the Confederation (1944)
• Eduard von Steiger, President of the Confederation (1945)
• Karl Kobelt, President of the Confederation (1946)
• Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1947)
• Enrico Celio, President of the Confederation (1948)
• Ernst Nobs, President of the Confederation (1949)
• Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1950)
• Eduard von Steiger, President of the Confederation (1951)
• Karl Kobelt, President of the Confederation (1952)
• Philipp Etter, President of the Confederation (1953)
• Rodolphe Rubattel, President of the Confederation (1954)
• Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1955)
• Markus Feldmann, President of the Confederation (1956)
• Hans Streuli, President of the Confederation (1957)
• Thomas Holenstein, President of the Confederation (1958)
• Paul Chaudet, President of the Confederation (1959)
• Max Petitpierre, President of the Confederation (1960)
• Friedrich Traugott Wahlen, President of the Confederation (1961)
• Paul Chaudet, President of the Confederation (1962)
• Willy Spühler, President of the Confederation (1963)
• Ludwig von Moos, President of the Confederation (1964)
• Hans-Peter Tschudi, President of the Confederation (1965)
• Hans Schaffner, President of the Confederation (1966)
• Roger Bonvin, President of the Confederation (1967)
• Willy Spühler, President of the Confederation (1968)
• Ludwig von Moos, President of the Confederation (1969)
• Hans-Peter Tschudi, President of the Confederation (1970)
• Rudolf Gnägi, President of the Confederation (1971)
• Nello Celio, President of the Confederation (1972)
• Roger Bonvin, President of the Confederation (1973)
• Ernst Brugger, President of the Confederation (1974)
• Pierre Graber, President of the Confederation (1975)
• Rudolf Gnägi, President of the Confederation (1976)
• Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1977)
• Willi Ritschard, President of the Confederation (1978)
• Hans Hürlimann, President of the Confederation (1979)
• Georges-André Chevallaz, President of the Confederation (1980)
• Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1981)
• Fritz Honegger, President of the Confederation (1982)
• Pierre Aubert, President of the Confederation (1983)
• Leon Schlumpf, President of the Confederation (1984)
• Kurt Furgler, President of the Confederation (1985)
• Alphons Egli, President of the Confederation (1986)
• Pierre Aubert, President of the Confederation (1987)
• Otto Stich, President of the Confederation (1988)
• Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, President of the Confederation (1989)
• Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1990)
• Flavio Cotti, President of the Confederation (1991)
• René Felber, President of the Confederation (1992)
• Adolf Ogi, President of the Confederation (1993)
• Otto Stich, President of the Confederation (1994)
• Kaspar Villiger, President of the Confederation (1995)
• Jean-Pascal Delamuraz, President of the Confederation (1996)
• Arnold Koller, President of the Confederation (1997)
• Flavio Cotti, President of the Confederation (1998)
• Ruth Dreifuss, President of the Confederation (1999)
• Adolf Ogi, President of the Confederation (2000)

Europe: Nordic

• Denmark

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Christian IX, King (1863–1906)
• Frederik VIII, King (1906–1912)
• Christian X, King (1912–1947)
• Frederik IX, King (1947–1972)
• Margrethe II, Queen (1972–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Union between Sweden and Norway (complete list / complete list) –

• Oscar II, King (1872–1905)

• Norway

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Haakon VII, King (1905–1957)
• Olav V, King (1957–1991)
• Harald V, King (1991–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sweden

• Monarchs (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

Europe: Southcentral

• San Marino (1900–present) –

Europe: Southwest

• Andorra

• Co-Princes (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

Europe: West

• Belgium

• Monarchs (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Luxembourg

• Monarchs (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Monaco

• Monarchs (complete list) –
• Minister of State (complete list) –

• Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Monarchs (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –

Oceania

• Tonga

• Monarchs (complete list) –
• Prime ministers (complete list) –