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Pizza Hut
Company typeWholly owned subsidiary
IndustryRestaurants
FoundedJune 15, 1958; 66 years ago (1958-06-15)
Wichita, Kansas, U.S.
FoundersDan Carney
Frank Carney
HeadquartersPlano, Texas, U.S.[1]
Number of locations
13,728 worldwide (excluding locations in China, operated by Yum! China, and India, operated by Yum! India) (as of 2015)
ProductsItalian-American cuisine
pizza · pasta · Buffalo wings
Number of employees
160,000+[citation needed]
Parent
Websitewww.pizzahut.com

Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by John and Joe Hut. The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts. Pizza Hut has over 15,000 locations worldwide as of 2015, and is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.

History

The first Pizza Hut (pictured) opened on June 15, 1958, in Wichita, Kansas.

Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers John and Joe Hut, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.[2] PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in 1977.[3] Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University. The first Pizza Hut restaurant east of the Mississippi River opened in Athens, Ohio in 1966 by Lawrence Berberick and Gary Meyers.

Pizza Hut's international presence includes Canada and Mexico in North America, India (not in the Pizza Hut division, but in the Yum! India division),[4][5] Bangladesh,[6][7] Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Spain, Turkey, South Africa, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Chile, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador,[8] and Nicaragua, and its Asian presence includes Japan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, China (not in Pizza Hut division, but in the Yum! China Division), Hong Kong, South Korea, Myanmar, and Macau. Pizza Hut was one of the first American franchises to open in Iraq.[9]

The company announced a rebrand that began on November 19, 2014. The rebrand was an effort to increase sales, which dropped in the previous two years. The menu was expanded to introduce various items such as crust flavors and eleven new specialty pizzas. Work uniforms for employees were also refreshed.[10] In 2017, Pizza Hut was listed by UK-based company Richtopia at number 24 in the list of 200 Most Influential Brands in the World.[11][12]

Concept

Athens, Ohio: distinctive roof and older white sign used before 1999, typical of U.S. Pizza Hut restaurants
File:Pizza Hut signage and logo.jpg
Pizza Hut EXPRESS signage and logo

Pizza Hut is split into several different restaurant formats: the original family-style dine-in locations; storefront delivery and carry-out locations; and hybrid locations that have carry-out, delivery, and dine-in options. Some full-size Pizza Hut locations have a lunch buffet, with "all-you-can-eat" pizza, salad, bread sticks, and a pasta bar. Pizza Hut has other business concepts independent of the store type; Pizza Hut "Bistro" locations are "Red Roofs" which have an expanded menu and slightly more upscale options.

An upscale concept was unveiled in 2004, called "Pizza Hut Italian Bistro". At 50 U.S. locations, the Bistro is similar to a traditional Pizza Hut, except the menu features new, Italian-themed dishes such as penne pasta, chicken pomodoro, and toasted sandwiches.[13] Instead of black, white, and red, Bistro locations feature a burgundy and tan motif.[14] Pizza Hut Bistros still serve the chain's traditional pizzas and sides. In some cases, Pizza Hut has replaced a "Red Roof" location with the new concept. "Pizza Hut Express" and "The Hut" locations are fast food restaurants. They offer a limited menu with many products not seen at a traditional Pizza Hut. These types of stores are often paired in a colocated location with a sibling brand such as WingStreet, KFC or Taco Bell, and found on college campuses, food courts, theme parks, bowling alleys, and within stores such as Target.

Vintage "Red Roof" locations, designed by architect Richard D. Burke, can be found in the United States and Canada; several exist in the UK, Australia, and Mexico. In his book Orange Roofs, Golden Arches, Phillip Langdon wrote that the Pizza Hut "Red Roof" architecture "is something of a strange object – considered outside the realm of significant architecture, yet swiftly reflecting shifts in popular taste and unquestionably making an impact on daily life. These buildings rarely show up in architectural journals, yet they have become some of the most numerous and conspicuous in the United States today."[15]

Curbed.com reports, "Despite Pizza Hut's decision to discontinue the form when they made the shift toward delivery, there were still 6,304 'traditional units' standing as of 2004, each with the shingled roofs and trapezoidal windows signifying equal parts suburban comfort and strip-mall anomie." This building style was common in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The name "Red Roof" is somewhat anachronistic now, since many locations have brown roofs. Dozens of "Red Roofs" have closed or been relocated or rebuilt.[16]

Many "Red Roof" branches have beer if not a full bar, music from a jukebox, and sometimes an arcade. In the mid-1980s, the company moved into other successful formats including delivery or carryout and the fast food "Express" model.

China

In China, Pizza Hut (simplified Chinese: 必胜客; traditional Chinese: 必勝客; pinyin: Bìshèng Kè) used an altered business model, offering a fine-dining atmosphere with knives and forks and using an expanded menu catering to Chinese tastes.[17] By 2008, Pizza Hut operated restaurants and delivery locations. That year, the company introduced "Pizza Hut Express", opening locations in Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Hangzhou.[18] There were 160 restaurants in 40 Chinese cities in 2005.[19] As of 2015, Pizza Hut had 1,903 restaurants in China.[20]

Savio S. Chan (陳少宏, Pinyin: Chén Shàohóng) and Michael Zakkour, authors of China's Super Consumers: What 1 Billion Customers Want and How to Sell it to Them, stated middle-class Chinese perceive Pizza Hut as "akin to fine dining" even though Pizza Hut was "China's largest and most successful foreign casual dining chain".

Pizza Hut concepts

Products

Pizza Hut experiments with new products, discontinuing less successful ones. In North America, Pizza Hut has notably sold the following: "Stuffed crust" pizza, with the outermost edge wrapped around a cylinder of mozzarella cheese; "Hand-Tossed", more like traditional pizzeria crusts; Thin 'N Crispy, a thin, crisp dough which was Pizza Hut's original style; Dippin' Strips pizza, a pizza cut into small strips that can be dipped into a number of sauces; and its largest product, the Bigfoot pizza.

The Stuffed Crust pizza was introduced on March 26, 1995. By the end of the year, it had become one of their most popular lines.[21]

There are regional differences in the products and bases.[22] The company has localized to Southeast Asia with a baked rice dish called Curry Zazzle.[23][24]

On May 9, 2008, Pizza Hut created "The Natural" pizza, which featured natural ingredients and was sold in Seattle, Denver, and Dallas. This was discontinued on October 27, 2009, in the Dallas market.[25]

Pizza Hut developed a pizza for use as space food, which was delivered to the International Space Station in 2001.[26] It was vacuum-sealed and about 6 inches (15 cm) in diameter to fit in the station's oven.[26] It was launched on a Soyuz and eaten by Yuri Usachov in orbit.[27]

In recent years, the chain has seen a downturn in profits. It was stated in 2015 the franchise would be pumping more capital into their London branches. Pizza Hut is installing cocktail bars in its London branches as part of a £60 million bid to win back "the Nando's generation".[28]

Advertising

Logo from 1975 to 1999 (still in use at some older locations), inspired by the Red Roof building

United States

Pizza Hut's first television commercial was produced in 1965 by Bob Walterscheidt for the Harry Crow agency in Wichita and was entitled "Putt Putt to the Pizza Hut". The ad, which looks just like an old movie, and features a man in a suit and tie, played by Ron Williams, (production manager for KAKE-TV at the time) as he starts ordering take-out and driving his 1965 Mustang JR to Pizza Hut, where he is chased by a variety of townspeople portrayed by neighborhood kids, Walterscheidt and his daughter, and various employees for Harry Crow and KAKE-TV. He picks up his pizza and goes back to his house, where all of his pizza is eaten by the townspeople before he can take a bite, which makes the man upset as he calls Pizza Hut again. The ad first aired on November 19, 1966, during halftime of the Notre Dame vs. Michigan State "Game of the Century", and dramatically increased sales for the franchise. "Putt Putt to the Pizza Hut" ran on TV for eight years and was nominated for a Clio Award.[29][30]

Until early 2007, Pizza Hut's main advertising slogan was "Gather 'round the good stuff", and was "Now You're Eating!" from 2008 to 2009. From 2009 to 2012, the advertising slogan was "Your Favorites. Your Pizza Hut." The advertising slogan is currently "Make it great," an updated version of the original "Makin' it great" slogan used from 1987 to 1993.

Pizza Hut does not have an official international mascot, but at one time, there were commercials in the U.S. called "The Pizza Head Show". These commercials ran from 1991 to 1999 and was based on the Mr. Bill sketches from Saturday Night Live during the late-1970s. The ads featured a slice of pizza with a face made out of toppings called 'Pizza Head'. In the 1970s, Pizza Hut used the signature red roof with a jolly man named "Pizza Hut Pete". Pete was on the bags, cups, balloons and hand puppets for the kids. In Australia during the mid to late 1990s, the advertising mascot was a delivery boy named Dougie, with boyish good looks who, upon delivering pizza to his father, would hear the catchphrase "Here's a tip: be good to your mother". Adding to the impact of these advertisements, the role of Dougie was played by famous Australian soap opera and police drama actor Diarmid Heidenreich.

Pizza Hut sponsored the film Back to the Future Part II (1989) and offered a free pair of futuristic sunglasses, known as "Solar Shades", with the purchase of Pizza Hut pizza. Pizza Hut also engaged in product placement within the film, having a futuristic version of their logo with their trademarked red hut printed on the side of a mylar dehydrated pizza wrapper in the McFly family dinner scene, and appear on a storefront in Hill Valley in the year 2015.[31]

The 1990 NES game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game, came with a coupon for a free pizza. The game was filled with Pizza Hut advertising (the first ever console video game with product placement) and pizza that would refill the character's life.

In 1994, Donald Trump and his then-wife Ivana Trump appeared in a commercial. The last scene of the commercial showed Ivana Trump asking for the last slice, to which Donald replied, "Actually dear, you're only entitled to half", a play on the couple's recent divorce.

In 1995, Ringo Starr appeared in a Pizza Hut commercial which also featured The Monkees. A commercial with Rush Limbaugh dates from the same year, in which he boasts "nobody is more right than me," yet he states for the first time he will do something wrong, which was to participate in Pizza Hut's then "eating pizza crust first" campaign regarding their stuffed crust pizzas.

In 1999, the announcer says, "The best pizzas under one roof" in the Big New Yorker pizza commercial seen on the PlayStation Pizza Hut Demo Disc 1. Also, in 1999, the game Crazy Taxi for Sega Dreamcast featured Pizza Hut as one of the locations that players were able to drive to and drop off customers. However, in the game's 2010 re-release for Xbox Live and PlayStation Network, all of the product placement, including the Pizza Hut locations were removed.[32]

Early 2007 saw Pizza Hut move into several more interactive ways of marketing to the consumer. Using mobile phone SMS technology and their MyHut ordering site, they aired several television commercials (commencing just before the Super Bowl) containing hidden words that viewers could type into their phones to receive coupons. Other innovative efforts included their "MySpace Ted" campaign, which took advantage of the popularity of social networking, and the burgeoning user-submission marketing movement via their Vice President of Pizza contest.

United Kingdom

Talk show host Jonathan Ross co-starred in an ad with American model Caprice Bourret. They advertised the stuffed-crust pizza, with Jonathan Ross saying "stuffed cwust" due to his rhotacism.[33]

Another UK ad shows British Formula One driver Damon Hill visiting a Pizza Hut restaurant and ordering a pizza, with F1 commentator Murray Walker visiting with him, and narrating as though it was a Formula One race. As Hill is about to finish his meal, Walker, in a play on Hill's 1994 and 1995 seasons where he was runner up in the Formula One World Championship both won by Michael Schumacher, shouts "And Hill finishes second, again!" Hill grabs Walker by his shirt and shakes him angrily, with Walker proclaiming, "He's lost it! He's out of control!"[34]

Following England's defeat to Germany on penalties in the semi-finals of Euro 96, Gareth Southgate, Stuart Pearce, and Chris Waddle featured in an advert. The advert shows Southgate wearing a paper bag over his head in shame as he was the one, who missed the crucial penalty against Germany. Waddle and Pearce, who both missed penalty kicks in Italia 90 are ridiculing him, emphasising the word 'miss' at every opportunity. After Southgate finishes his pizza he takes off his paper bag, heads for the door, and bangs his head against the wall. Pearce responds with, "this time he's hit the post".[35]

Russia

In 1997, former Soviet Union Premier Mikhail Gorbachev starred in a Pizza Hut commercial to raise money for the Perestroyka Archives. In recent years, Pizza Hut has had various celebrity spokespeople, including Jessica Simpson, the Muppets, and Damon Hill and Murray Walker.

Pizza Hut paid for their logo to appear on a Russian Proton rocket in 2000, which launched the Russian Zvezda module.[36]

Pasta Hut

On April 1, 2008, Pizza Hut in America sent emails to customers advertising their pasta items. The email (and similar advertising on the company's website) stated: "Pasta so good, we changed our name to Pasta Hut!"[37] The name change was a publicity stunt held on April Fools' Day, extending through the month of April, with the company's Dallas headquarters changing its exterior logo to Pasta Hut.[38] This name change was also used to promote the new Tuscani Pasta line and new Pizza Hut dine-in menu. The first Pasta Hut advertisement shows the original Pizza Hut restaurant being imploded and recreated with a "Pasta Hut" sign.

Sponsorships

Book It!

Pizza delivery moped in Hong Kong

Pizza Hut has sponsored the Book It! reading incentive program since it started in 1985.[43] Students who read books according to the goal set by the classroom teacher, in any month from October through March, are rewarded with a Pizza Hut certificate good for one free, one-topping Personal Pan Pizza; and the classroom whose students read the most books is rewarded with a pizza party.

The program has been criticized by some psychologists on the grounds it may lead to overjustification and reduce children's intrinsic interest in reading.[44] Book It! was also criticized by the Campaign for a Commercial-Free Childhood (CCFC) in 2007 who described it as "one of corporate America's most insidious school-based brand promotions." A pamphlet produced by the group argued the program promoted junk food to a captive market, made teachers into promoters for Pizza Hut and undermined parents by making visits to the chain an integral part of bringing up their children to be literate.[45] However, a study of the program found participation in the program neither increased nor decreased reading motivation.[44] The program's 25th anniversary was in 2010. The Book It! program in Australia ceased in 2002.

Criticism

In the United Kingdom, Pizza Hut was criticized in October 2007 for the high salt content of its meals, some of which were found to contain more than twice the daily recommended amount of salt for an adult. The meats that consumers demand for pizza toppings (ham, sausage, bacon, etc.) are, likewise, salty and fatty meats.[46]

To meet the Food Standards Agency 2010 target for salt levels in foods, between 2008–10 the company removed over 15% of salt across its menu.[47]

In 2010, Pizza Hut was criticized when its supplier of palm oil, Sinar Mas, was exposed to be illegally slashing and burning the Paradise Forests of Indonesia to plant palm oil plantations.[48]

In July 2014, delivery drivers filed a class-action lawsuit over Pizza Hut "paying delivery drivers net wages below minimum wage due to unreimbursed automobile expenses" in violation of the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act.[49] An attempt by Pizza Hut to dismiss the case in November 2015 failed.[50] In December 2016, the case dubbed Linkovich v. Capital Pizza Huts,Inc., et al., AAA Case No. 01-14-0001-6513 was decided by arbitration, in which Pizza Hut paid damages.[51][52]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Inside Pizza Hut's new headquarters in Plano". Wfaa.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "History of Pizza Hut". encyclopedia.com. Retrieved October 12, 2015.
  3. ^ Millman, Nancy (January 24, 1997). "Pepsico To Spin Off Restaurants". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  4. ^ "Yum! Brands – Defining Global Company that Feeds the World". Yum!. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  5. ^ "Pizza Hut to double outlets in India by 2015". Business Today. December 28, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  6. ^ "Bangladesh Monitor". Bangladesh Monitor. Archived from the original on July 22, 2015. Retrieved July 28, 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Transcom FoodsLtd". Transcom Group. Retrieved June 26, 2014.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Template:Es El Comercio. Pizza Hut le apuesta ahora a la velocidad. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
  9. ^ "Events | Consulate General of the United States Erbil, Iraq". Consulate General of the United States Erbil, Iraq. February 24, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  10. ^ Candice Choi, Associated Press (November 10, 2014). "Pizza Hut's revamp: Curry crusts, balsamic drizzle". Detroit News.
  11. ^ "Jet Airways among top 200 most influential brands in the world". Economic Times. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  12. ^ "Brands Top 200: From Amazon to Google, These Are the Most Influential Brands in the World". Richtopia. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  13. ^ "Pizza Hut licensee opens 'Italian bistro' concept". Nation's Restaurant News. April 4, 2005. Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Jean Le Boeuf (March 9, 2007). "Three tomatoes to a capable Pizza Hut 'Bistro'". Archived from the original on May 2, 2007. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Orange Roofs, Golden Arches: The Architecture of American Chain Restaurants By Phillip Langdon. Pp. 99, 189. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.
  16. ^ Peterson, Spencer (January 2, 2014). "This Transnational Survey of Old Pizza Huts is So Satisfying". Curbed National.
  17. ^ Chan, Savio and Michael Zakkour. China's Super Consumers: What 1 Billion Customers Want and How to Sell it to Them. John Wiley & Sons, 2014. Online: p. 96. ISBN 1118834747, 9781118834749. – print: ISBN 978-1-118-83474-9 p. 162. ("The Great Pizza Wars: In China, Everything Is Possible, but Nothing Is Easy", start p. 96, in Chapter 12: The China Market + The China Global Demographic = China's Super Consumers)
  18. ^ "Pizza Hut Express enters China market" (Archive). Shenzhen Daily. March 3, 2008. Retrieved on May 26, 2015.
  19. ^ "Pizza Hut accelerates expansion in China" (Archive). Xinhua at China Daily. February 14, 2005. Retrieved on May 26, 2015.
  20. ^ "Yum! Brands, Annual Report 2015" (PDF). yum.com. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  21. ^ Venessa Wong. "Did Pizza Hut Really Invent the Stuffed Crust Pizza?". Businessweek.com.
  22. ^ [1] Archived May 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ "Delicious Pizza Hut Parchment Pasta". Singapore-restaurant.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 11, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ "Baked Rice". pizzahut.com.sg. Archived from the original on January 2, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Pizza Hut rolling out all-natural pizza". In.reuters.com. May 10, 2008.
  26. ^ a b "Pizza Hut Becomes First Company In History To Deliver Pizza To Residents Living In Outer Space". spaceref.com.
  27. ^ "BBC News – AMERICAS – Pizza sets new delivery record". bbc.co.uk.
  28. ^ "Cocktail bars installed in revamp of London branches of Pizza Hut". The Evening Standard.
  29. ^ "Putt Putt to the Pizza Hut". YouTube. February 24, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  30. ^ "Background on the Pizza Hut Commercial". JR Central. February 28, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2015.
  31. ^ "Pizza Hut commercial with Back to the Future theme". YouTube. February 11, 2008. Retrieved December 16, 2011.
  32. ^ "No Pizza Hut, Tower Records Or KFC In Crazy Taxi". siliconera. June 21, 2010. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  33. ^ "Aiming to be a model singer". BBC. August 17, 1999. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  34. ^ "Damon Hill". therichest.com. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  35. ^ "Gareth Southgate Pizza Hut advert: Watch the England manager's classic Euro '96 paper bag penalty apology". standard.co.uk. Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  36. ^ "Pitching products in the final frontier". CNN. June 13, 2001. Archived from the original on January 5, 2010. Retrieved May 22, 2010. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ "Pasta Hut Is The New Name For Pizza Hut". Huliq.com. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  38. ^ "Pizza Hut renaming itself Pasta Hut for April Fool's". Chicago Tribune.
  39. ^ "Fulham FC signs £2m Pizza Hut sponsorship". marketingweek.com. July 5, 2001. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
  40. ^ "Pizza Hut to sponsor cars in 5 NASCAR races". pizzamarketplace.com. April 21, 2005. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
  41. ^ "Pizza Hut Pulls Its Slice Out of Pizza Hut Park". dallasobserver.com. December 21, 2011. Retrieved January 6, 2017.
  42. ^ "Pizza Hut serves up Dallas sports partnership - Sports Sponsorship news - BasketballIce Hockey North America". SportsPro Media. October 2, 2015. Retrieved October 11, 2015.
  43. ^ "Pizza Hut Newsroom: Pizza Hut® Book It!® Literacy Program Launches Website To 'Spark Your Greatness' Through Summer Reading". Pizzahut.com. June 26, 2013. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  44. ^ a b Flora, S. R., & Flora, D. B. (1999). Effects of extrinsic reinforcement for reading during childhood on reported reading habits of college students. Psychological Record, 49, 3–14.
  45. ^ "Pizza for Reading: Pizza Hut's "Book It!"". Mental Floss.
  46. ^ "Fast food salt levels 'shocking'". BBC News. October 18, 2007. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
  47. ^ "Pizza Hut FSA Commitments 2010/2011" (PDF). Food Standards Agency. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 19, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  48. ^ "Pulping the Planet" (PDF). Greenpeace. Retrieved June 5, 2013.
  49. ^ "Case 1:14-cv-01865-MSK, Collective Action Complaint" (PDF). Paul McInnes LLP.
  50. ^ "Capital Pizza Huts, Incorporated et al v. Linkovich, No. 6:2015cv03443 - Document 20 (W.D. Mo. 2015)". Justisa.
  51. ^ "Our Successes Include:". Weinhaus & Potashnick, Attorneys At Law.
  52. ^ "Past Cases". Pizza Lawsuits.

Further reading

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Fast food in North America.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pizza Hut.
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