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Hyderabad (Template:Pron-en; Telugu: హైదరాబాద్ [ɦəjd̪ərɑːbɑːd̪], Urdu: حیدرآباد [ɦɛːd̪(ə)raːbaːd̪]), is the capital of the state Andhra Pradesh, India. It also goes by its sobriquet City of Pearls.[1] As of 2010 it is the sixth most populous city and sixth-most populous urban agglomeration[2] in India. Hyderabad was founded by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in 1591 on the banks of Musi. Today the city covers an area of approximately 650 km².[3][4] The twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad come under the ambit of a single municipal unit, The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation.

Hyderabad has developed into one of the major hubs for the information technology industry in India which has earned it the additional sobriquet "Cyberabad".[1] In addition to the IT industry, various biotechnology and pharmaceutics companies have set up their operations in Hyderabad owing to its established Public sector in Life Science Research and Genome Valley. The city houses the most expensive residential real estate in Andhra Pradesh in Banjara Hills and Jubilee Hills. The city is home to the Telugu Film Industry, the second-largest in India, known popularly as Tollywood. Residents of Hyderabad are generally called Hyderabadis. Located at the crossroads of North & South India, Hyderabad has developed a unique culture that is reflected in its language and architecture.[5]

Etymology

Theories explaining the origins and etymology behind Hyderabad's name differ. A popular theory suggests that after founding the city, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah fell in love with and married a local nautch girl known as Bhagmathi or Bhagyavathi, and named the city Bhagyanagaram. As per other legends, the city may be named after the son in law of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, Ali Ibn Abi Talib, whose other name was Hyder.[6][7]

History

Main article: History of Hyderabad (India)

Although Hyderabad was founded less than 500 years ago, archaeologists have unearthed Iron Age sites near the city that could date back to 500 BC.[8] Approximately over 1000 years ago this region was ruled by Kakatiyas. Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, a ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty (the ruling family of the Golconda, previously a feudatory of Bahmani sultanate that declared independence in 1512) founded the city of Hyderabad on the banks of the Musi River in 1591[9] to relieve a water shortage the dynasty had experienced at its old headquarters at Golconda.[10] He also ordered the construction of the Charminar.[11]

The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb captured Hyderabad in 1687[12] and, during this short Mughal rule, Mughal-appointed governors of the city soon gained autonomy. In 1724, Asaf Jah I, who was granted the title Nizam-ul-Mulk ("Governor of the country") by the Mughal emperor, defeated a rival official to establish control over Hyderabad.[12][13] Thus began the Asaf Jahi dynasty that ruled Hyderabad until a year after India's independence from Britain. Asaf Jah's successors ruled as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The rule of the seven Nizams saw the growth of Hyderabad both culturally and economically. Hyderabad became the formal capital of the kingdom and Golkonda was almost abandoned. Huge reservoirs, like the Nizam Sagar, Tungabhadra, Osman Sagar, and Himayat Sagar, were built. Survey work on Nagarjuna Sagar had also begun during this time; the actual work was completed by the Government of India in 1969. The wealth and grandeur of the Nizams is demonstrated by the fabled Jewels of The Nizams, which is a tourist attraction. The state was the richest and the largest among the princely states of India. The land area of the state was 90,543 mi²; its population in 1901 was 50,073,759. It enjoyed an estimated revenue of £90,029,000.[14]

The Chowmahalla Palace was the seat of the Asaf Jahi dynasty and was the official residence of the Nizam.

Before 1947, Hyderabad was under the suzerainty of the British Crown but was not part of British India. In 1947, at the time of the independence of British India and its Partition into the Union of India and the new state of Pakistan, the British abandoned their claim to suzerainty over the Princely states and left them to decide their own future. The Nizam, because of Islamic leanings, wished either to remain independent or to accede to Pakistan. However, for the Indian Union, this was unacceptable from a strategic perspective. The Nizam's efforts also triggered the largest agrarian armed rebellion in modern Indian history. To deter the Nizam, Indian union chose to implement an economic blockade, which forced the state of Hyderabad to sign a Standstill Agreement with it. Eventually the Indian Union used military force against the landlocked princely state of Hyderabad. This operation, termed Operation Polo, was successful and on 17 September 1948, the Nizam signed an Instrument of Accession to the Union of India.

Tomb of Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah in Hyderabad, India.

In 1955, Ambedkar was so impressed with amenities of Hyderabad that he argued to make Hyderabad a second capital of India. He said, "Hyderabad has all the amenities which Delhi has and it is a far better city than Delhi. It has all the grandeur which Delhi has. Buildings are going cheap and they are really beautiful buildings, far superior to those in Delhi. The only thing that is wanting is a Parliament House which the Government of India can easily build."[15]

On 1 November 1956, the states of India were reorganized on linguistic grounds. The territories of the State of Hyderabad were divided between newly created Andhra Pradesh, Bombay state (later Maharashtra), and Karnataka. The Telugu speaking area of Hyderabad state, also known as Telangana, was merged with the Telugu speaking state of Andhra state to create Andhra Pradesh. Thus, Hyderabad became the capital city of the new state of Andhra Pradesh.[16]

Since liberalisation in the 1990s, Hyderabad has become one of the major hubs of the IT industry. The growth in the IT sector and opening of Rajiv Gandhi International Airport attracted activity in other economic sectors like real estate in the 2000s. However, the Global financial crisis of 2008–2009 has had a significant impact on construction activity.[14]

Geography

Main article: Geography of Hyderabad
Hussain Sagar built by Hazrat Hussain Shah Wali in 1562. The staue of Gautam Buddha in the middle of the lake was erected in 1992.

Situated on the Deccan Plateau, Hyderabad has an average elevation of about 536 metres above sea level (1,607 ft). Most of the area has a rocky terrain and some areas are hilly. Crops are commonly grown in the surrounding paddy fields.[17]

The original city of Hyderabad was founded on the banks of river Musi.[18] Now known as the historic Old City, home to the Charminar and Mecca Masjid, it lies on the southern bank of the river. The heart of the city saw a shift to the north of the river, with the construction of many government buildings and landmarks there, especially south of the Hussain Sagar lake. The rapid growth of the city, along with the merging of Hyderabad, 12 municipal circles and the Cantonment has resulted in a large, united and populous area. Still so many villages near by are getting a facelift to merge in the twin cities in the near future.[19]

Climate

Hyderabad has a unique combination of a tropical wet and dry climate that borders on a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh), with hot summers from late February to early June, the monsoon season from late June to early October and a pleasant winter from late October to early February. In the evenings and mornings, the climate is generally cooler because of the city's good elevation. Hyderabad gets about 32 inches (about 810 mm) of rain every year, almost all of it concentrated in the monsoon months. The highest maximum (day) temperature ever recorded was 45.5 °C (113.9 °F) on 2 June 1966, while the lowest minimum (night) recorded temperature was 6.1 °C (43 °F) on 8 January 1946.[20]

Climate data for Hyderabad India(1951–1980)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35
(95) 		37
(99) 		41
(106) 		43
(109) 		44
(111) 		44
(111) 		37
(99) 		36
(97) 		36
(97) 		36
(97) 		33
(91) 		33
(91) 		44
(111)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 28.6
(83.5) 		31.8
(89.2) 		35.2
(95.4) 		37.6
(99.7) 		38.8
(101.8) 		34.4
(93.9) 		30.5
(86.9) 		29.6
(85.3) 		30.1
(86.2) 		30.4
(86.7) 		28.8
(83.8) 		27.8
(82.0) 		32.0
(89.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14.7
(58.5) 		17.0
(62.6) 		20.3
(68.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		26.0
(78.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		22.5
(72.5) 		22.0
(71.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.1
(57.4) 		20.2
(68.4)
Record low °C (°F) 8
(46) 		11
(52) 		16
(61) 		16
(61) 		19
(66) 		18
(64) 		19
(66) 		19
(66) 		18
(64) 		14
(57) 		8
(46) 		8
(46) 		8
(46)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.2
(0.13) 		5.2
(0.20) 		12.0
(0.47) 		21.0
(0.83) 		37.3
(1.47) 		96.1
(3.78) 		163.9
(6.45) 		171.1
(6.74) 		185.5
(7.30) 		90.9
(3.58) 		16.2
(0.64) 		6.1
(0.24) 		812.5
(31.99)
Source: [21]

Demographics

File:BirlaMandir1.jpg
Birla Mandir is a Hindu temple built entirely from white marble.

Template:IndiaCensusPop

Religion in Hyderabad
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 36%
Islam
 
 62%
Christianity
 
 2%
Others†
 
 1%
Distribution of religions
†Includes Sikhs (0.03%), Buddhists (0.04%), Jains (0.04%).

The city's population in 2001 was 3.6 million and it has reached over 4.0 million[22] by 2009 making it among the most populated cities in India, while the population of the metropolitan area was estimated above 6.3 million.[23] Hyderabad is a cosmopolitan city, whose residents are adherents to a wide range of religions, predominately Islam (62%) and Hinduism (36%), but also others, including Christianity (2%), and Sikhism (0.2%) and Jains (0.4%). There are many iconic temples, mosques, and churches situated in the city. Hyderabad's Muslim community is the largest in Andhra Pradesh. (see also: Hyderabadi Muslims).[24] Muslims have substantial presence across the city and are predominant in and around Old City. Churches are located across the city and the popular ones are in Abids and Secunderabad areas.[25]

Telugu and Urdu are the principal languages spoken in the city, while English and Hindi are also widely spoken. Urdu spoken here has influences of Turkish, Persian, Hindi, Marathi and Telugu, giving rise to a dialect sometimes called Hyderabadi Urdu or Deccani. The official language, Telugu, varies a little across the state but the core language remains the same.[19]

Administration

Main articles: Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation and Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority
AP High Court at Hyderabad, the supreme judicial body of the State of Andhra Pradesh

The city is administered by Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) which came into existence in 2007 after merging 12 municipalities with the Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad (MCH).[26] The titular head of GHMC is the Mayor of Hyderabad who has few executive powers. In the past, the mayor was earlier chosen by the legislative body of the municipal corporations. The state government modified the Hyderabad Municipal Corporation Act, 1955, to stipulate that the mayoral election be held directly and simultaneously with the corporation elections. The real executive power of the corporation is vested in the Municipal Commissioner, an IAS officer appointed by the Andhra Pradesh state government.

The GHMC is in charge of the civic needs and the infrastructure of the city. Hyderabad is divided into 150 municipal wards, each overseen by a corporator. The corporators of the administration are elected through popular vote, and almost all the political parties field candidates. The twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad are spread over three districts, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy and Medak. The District collectors also oversees the elections held in the city.[27]

File:Ap assembly-med.jpg
Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly in Hyderabad

Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA), is the urban planning agency of Hyderabad, India. It was formed in 2008 by expanding the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority. It contains the entire area of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation and its suburbs. The enlarged jurisdiction of HUDA now extends to 54 Mandals located in five districts with a total area of nearly 6300 km².

Hyderabad voters send 24 members to the Legislative Assembly, whose constituencies come under 5 Lok Sabha segments. The new Assembly segments and their respective parliamentary constituencies(PC) are: Malkajgiri, Kukatpally, Uppal, Lal Bahadur Nagar (LB Nagar), Secunderabad Cantonment, Quthbullapur under Malkajgiri PC; Musheerabad, Amberpet, Khairatabad, Jubilee Hills, Sanathnagar, Nampally, Secunderabad under Secunderabad PC; Malakpet, Karwan, Goshamahal, Yakutpura, Charminar, Chandrayanagutta, Bahadurpura under Hyderabad PC; Maheswaram, Rajendranagar, Serilingampally under Chevella PC and Patancheru under Medak PC.

The city is divided by the state police into Hyderabad Police and Cyberabad Police which come under the state Home Ministry and are headed by Police Commissioners, who are IPS officers. Basheerbagh houses important government offices such as the Police Commissioner's office, Police Control room, Income tax Commissioner's office, Central Excise and customs office, Central Reservation office etc. The city is divided into five police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner of Police. The Traffic Police is a semi-autonomous body under the Hyderabad and Cyberabad commissionerates.[28]

Hyderabad is the seat of the Andhra Pradesh High Court, and also has two lower courts – the City Civil Court for civil matters and the Metropolitan Criminal Court for criminal cases. The High Court and Legislature are heritage buildings built by Nizam.

Economy

Main page: Industries in Hyderabad, India
See also: Companies based in Hyderabad, India
Somajiguda, one of the areas in the city where urbanization is on the rise.
File:Fly Over Hyd.jpg
Punjagutta twin flyovers at Punjagutta circle.

Hyderabad is the financial, economic and political capital of the state of Andhra Pradesh. The city is the largest contributor to the state's gross domestic product, state tax and excise revenues. Hyderabad ranks 93rd (as of 2008) in the List of richest cities in the world by GDP (PPP) with US$60 bn and sixth in India. In terms of GDP per capita (PPP), Hyderabad ranks 4th in India with US$6,428. The workforce participation is about 29.55%[citation needed]. Starting in the 1990s, the economic pattern of the city has changed from being a primarily service city to being one with a more diversified spectrum, including trade, transport, commerce, storage, communication etc. Service industry is the major contributor, with urban workforce constituting 90% of the total workforce.[29] Hyderabad was ranked the 2nd best Indian city for doing business in 2009.[30]

Hyderabad is known as the city of pearls, lakes. The bangles market known as Laad Bazaar is situated near Charminar. Products such as silverware, saris, Nirmal and Kalamkari paintings and artifacts, unique Bidri handcrafted items, lacquer bangles studded with stones,silk ware, cotton ware and handloom-based clothing materials are made and traded through the city for centuries.

Hyderabad is a major center for Pharma & Biotech with companies such as USP, Novartis,[31] Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Agilent, Biological E limited, Shantha Biotechnics, Sanofipasteur, Bharath Biotech, GVK BIO, Matrix Laboratories, Krebs biochemicals, Magene Lifesciences, AstraZeneca, Hetero Drugs Limited, Divis Labs, Aurobindo Pharma Limited, Quintiles, Ocimum Biosolutions, Lee Pharma, MAKRO, Gene-Tech, Vimta Labs etc being housed in the city. Initiatives such as Genome Valley, Fab City and the Nano Technology park are expected to create extensive infrastructure in bio-technology.[32]

A store at Laad Bazaar selling bangles and jewellery. The Laadbazar and the Charminar market area are famous for pearls.

Like many Indian cities, Hyderabad has witnessed a high growth in the real estate business,[33] thanks to an information-technology-driven boom in the 1990s[34] and the retail industry growth over the last few years which have spurred hectic commercial activity. A number of mega malls have come up or are being built in the city.[35] Real estate demand in the suburban and rural areas surrounding Hyderabad has gone up exponentially leading to a rapid increase in prices over the past few years.[36] Jubilee Hills, Banjara Hills and Himayath Nagar areas are considered the posh residential areas of Hyderabad.

The retail industry in Hyderabad is on the rise. Many international and national brands have set up retail chains here. The city has multiple Central Business Districts (CBDs) spread across the city. There are many major business/commercial districts from the older Charminar area to newer Kothaguda. For the advancement of infrastructure in the city, the government is building a skyscraper business district at Manchirevula, near Rajendranagar with a 450 m supertall structure APIIC Tower at its centre. Also, the Lanco Hills near Gachibowli presents the tallest structure in India for residential and commercial purposes.

The largest employers in Hyderabad are the Andhra Pradesh Government and the Government of India with 113,098[37] and 85,155[38] employees respectively.

Information technology industry

Hyderabad has established itself as the leading destination for IT and IT-enabled services, BPO and entertainment industries. Many computer software companies, software consulting firms, business process outsourcing (BPO) firms, dealing with IT and other technological services firms have established their offices and facilities in the city since the 1990s.

Microsoft R&D Campus in Gachibowli, Hyderabad.
File:Ca hyderabad.jpg
CA R&D Campus in Gachibowli, Hyderabad.

The development of a township with related technological infrastructure called HITEC City prompted several IT and ITES companies to set up operations in the city. An aggressive promotion of growth in this area has led civic boosters to call the city Cyberabad.[39] There have been extensive investments in digital infrastructure within the city promoting the setting up of several campuses by a vast array of companies within the city. This list includes several multinational corporations having established their development centres in the city. Major areas where such campuses have been set up are Madhapur, Kondapur, Gachibowli and Uppal. Microsoft (with its largest R&D campus outside the US), Oracle Corporation etc. have set up operations in Hyderabad. For a more comprehensive list of IT companies in Hyderabad, refer to Software industry in Andhra Pradesh. TCS Deccan park is one of the active branches of TCS in hyderabad.

Education and research

Main article: Education in Hyderabad, India
See also: List of institutions based in Hyderabad, India
Osmania University in Hyderabad

Schools in Hyderabad are affiliated to either CBSE, SSC or ICSE. Schools are run by either state government, local governing bodies, private individuals, missionaries or other agencies. Children in Hyderabad schools have to study for ten years in schools, followed by two years in junior college before becoming eligible to enroll for graduation programme in a college. In schools the medium of instruction is either English, Telugu or Urdu

The University of Hyderabad is currently ranked first in Indian subcontinet in R&D arena. Colleges in Hyderabad are generally affiliated to Osmania University. In addition to various colleges, the city is home to three central universities, two deemed universities, and six state universities. Osmania University, established in 1917, is the seventh oldest university in India and the third oldest in South India.[40]

File:Indian School Of Business.jpg
Indian School of Business Entrance in Hyderabad

Indian School of Business an international business school ranked number 12 in global MBA rankings by the Financial Times of London in 2010[41] established by a group of Fortune 500 CEOs in collaboration with AP Government is also located in Hyderabad.Institute of Public Enterprise is a premier Business School at Hyderabad and is recognized as a "Centre of Excellence" by the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, New Delhi for doctoral studies. IPE ranks among 'Top Government -Aided B-Schools' by "Center for Forecasting published in Wall Street Journal 2009" and it ranked 23rd overall India by CSR-GHRDC B-School Survey 2009.

Colleges in Hyderabad offer graduation, post graduation and doctoral programmes in science, arts, engineering, commerce, law & medicine. College of Engineering – Osmania University, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, BITS , Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Indian Institute of Technology, etc. are some of the famous engineering schools in Hyderabad. In addition to engineering colleges, various institutes know as polytechnics offer a three year course in engineering. However,this does not lead to complete graduation.Gandhi Medical College and Osmania Medical College are the centres of medical education in Hyderabad. Admissions to professional colleges in Hyderbad is through EAMCET.Colleges and universities in Hyderabad are run by either by state government, central government or private individuals or agencies.

NALSAR, NIPER, Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, English and Foreign Languages University, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, are some of the other universities located in Hyderabad.[42]


Research institutions

Hyderabad is home to various CSIR and other public sector research institutes such as Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics CDFD, National Geophysical Research Institute(NGRI),National Institute of Nutrition(NIN),Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases (IGHD), Indian Immunologicals Limited, Center For Food Technological Research Institute(CFTRI),National Mineral Development Corpation(NMDC), IRISET for railway signal engineering and ICRISAT. Further, Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) labs like ANURAG, DMRL, DRDL and DERL are facilitated with research centres in Hyderabad to develop communication and radar systems and for the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP). Nuclear energy sector has a large presence with three organisations under Department of Atomic Energy (India) including the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD), Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC) and Electronics Corporation of India Limited (ECIL).[43]

Hyderabad hosted the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM),[44] in August 2010. More than 2500 Mathematicians from all over the world had participated in this conference.

Hyderabad is also hosting the International World Wide Web (WWW) conference in the first-half of 2011.

Transport

Main article: Transport in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, which runs the world's largest fleet of buses,[45] connects Hyderabad with neighboring cities and states.

Roads

Hyderabad is connected to the rest of the country by National Highways—NH-7, NH-9 and NH-202. Hyderabad is also well connected to the remaining parts of the state. Like other cities, Hyderabad suffers from traffic congestion. Completion of the Inner Ring Road and construction of the Outer Ring Road encircling Hyderabad city is also underway and is touted to make travel in the city easier. Many flyovers and underpasses are also being constructed to ease traffic congestion in the city.[43]

Local transport

The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation[46] runs a fleet of 19,000 buses, the largest in the world.[45] Hyderabad has the third largest bus station facility in Asia, with 72 platforms for 89 buses to load passengers at a time. Officially named as the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station, it is locally known as the Imlibun Bus Station, Jubilee Bus Station at Secunderabad runs buses to various parts of the state and to some parts of South India.

The yellow colored Auto Rickshaw usually referred to as an auto, is the most widely used transport service and has flag down minimum fare of Rs 12 for first 1.5 km and then Rs 7 per km. Radio Taxis and cabs by private players have provided an easy travel in the city.[43]

Rail

The Secunderabad Railway Station

Railways were first introduced in the city in the year 1869 with the commencement of Secunderabad–Wadi line of Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway. Secunderabad Railway Station is the headquarters of the South Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways and is the largest railway station serving Hyderabad. The other major railway stations serving the city are Hyderabad Deccan Station (Nampally), Kachiguda Railway Station and Begumpet Railway Station. These stations provide connectivity within the city and the rest of the country.

Hyderabad has a light rail transportation system known as the MultiModal Transport System (MMTS) which offers connectivity between rail and road transport for the facility of the commuters. MMTS provides connectivity to quite a few parts of the city, and is not much suitable for exploring the city. MMTS is now geared up for a big leap with the Phase 2 of the project getting the official nod. The SCR plans to incorporate more rakes and hence more services in the next few months to augment the services to areas beyond the city limits. Hyderabad Metro is the proposed rapid transit for the city. The deadline of the bidding process has been delayed consistently.

Air

File:Hyderabad airport.jpg
The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport at Shamshabad has a passenger terminal capacity of 40 mn per annum.

There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of passengers leading to increased air traffic[47][48] The Airport at Begumpet was unable to cope up with the situation and was shut down on 2008-03-22.[49] The new Rajiv Gandhi International Airport was opened in March 2008 by Sonia Gandhi at Shamshabad, southwest of the city[50] The airport has the longest runway in India[51] and caters to the high passenger and cargo volumes it experiences. It is a hub for Jet Lite, SpiceJet and IndiGo. On 16 February 2010, Hyderabad International Airport was ranked fifth Best Airports Globally by Airports Council International. The airport has been named as the number one airport in 5–15 million passenger category by the Airport Council International in a worldwide conducted survey. 29 October 2009, GMR Hyderabad International Airport Limited (GHIAL), has bagged the Center for Asia Pacific Aviation’s (CAPA) newly instituted award in the category, “Best Airport Environmental Performance of the Year”. Hyderabad international airport has been named amongst the world's top five in the annual Airport Service Quality (ASQ) passenger survey along with the ones at Seoul, Singapore, Hong Kong and Beijing. The airport is the largest in terms of area and will provide world-class facilities among all airports in India. It is said to There are flights to many destinations, both domestic and international from this airport.[52]

The PV Narasimha Rao Expressway was constructed at an elevated level from Mehdipatnam to Rajendranagar along with an underpass and trumpet interchange for providing dedicated high speed travel to the airport. It is the longest flyover in India.[53] There are three wide roads leading to the new airport from the city and modern taxis and buses can shuttle passengers between the city and the airport. The Nehru Outer Ring Road serves as an expressway between Gachibowli and Shamshabad. The other airports located here are Dundigul Air Force Academy, Nadirgul Airport and Hakimpet Airport.

Culture

See also: Muslim culture of Hyderabad
Cars being decorated for wedding procession at Gunfoundry

Historically, Hyderabad has been the city where distinct cultural and linguistic traditions of North India and South India meet. Hyderabadis, as residents of the city are known, have developed a distinctive culture which is a mixture of Hindu and Muslim traditions. A typical Hyderabadi could be either a Telugu or a Urdu-speaking person that has decided to make Hyderabad his/her home.[54]

Women of all cultures and faiths in Hyderabad typically wear either the traditional Indian dress, the sari, or, increasingly, the Salwar kameez especially among the younger population. The traditional Hyderabadi garb for females are the Khara Dupatta, the Salwar kameez and the Burqa (religious). For males the traditional garb is the Sherwani.[55] This is one of the more visible cultural attributes of Hyderabad.[56]

Hyderabadi Biryani

One of Hyderabad's public carnivals is the annual immersion of Lord Ganesh idols after the 10 day Ganesh Chaturthi celebrations on Ananta Chaturdashi (locally known as the Ganesh Nimajjanam). Bonalu is a vernacular festival that is celebrated with great fervour.The Muslims fast for 30 days during their holy month of Ramzan, observed in piety and charity,and celebrated at the end by Eid ul-Fitr, three days of festivities with greetings and joy by everyone. At Eid a traditional sweet is made known as Sheer Qorma. An annual procession takes place every 10th Muharram (1st month of Islamic calendar)by the Shia Muslims at Charminar where participants mourn through self-flagellation.

Cuisine

Main article: Hyderabadi cuisine

Hyderabadi cuisine is a blend of traditional South Indian, Mughal, and Persian cuisine. Hyderabadi Biryani is an iconic dish of the region.[57] Other native preparations include Qubani ka meetha, Double ka meetha, Phirni, Nahari Kulche also known as paya and Haleem (a meat dish traditionally eaten during the holy month of Ramzan), Kaddu Ki Kheer (a sweet porridge made with sweet gourd), Sheer Qorma (a sweet liquid dish cooked with vermicelli and milk), Mirchi ka saalan, Bagaare baigan, Khatti dal, Khichdi and Khatta, Til ki chutney, baigan ki chutney, Til ka khatta, Aam ka achaar, Gosht ka achaar, Peosi (a sweet prepared with egg whites and milk), Shahi tukde, Kheema aaloo etc.[58][59]

Hyderabadi sweets are known for their ghee-based items. Famous sweet shops include the traditionally made. G.Pulla Reddy, Hammedi Confectioners,Rami Reddy sweets and Karachi Bakery are the famous Pure Ghee Sweet Multi location chain in Hyderabad. Widely found on street-corners are Irani café's that offer Irani chai, Irani samosa and Osmania biscuit.

Italian, Mexican, Chinese and Continental cuisine are all popular in the city along with typical Andhra and other South Indian cuisine.[60] Pubs are also getting popular in Hyderabad.

Media

Main article: Media in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
Prasads IMAX Theatre houses the largest IMAX-3D in the world.[61]
File:Bharati1.jpg
Ravindra Bharathi, a well known center for arts and theatre in the city

Hyderabad is home to the second largest film industry in India by sheer number of films it produces, Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood which produces approximately three hundred movies every year. Saradhi Studios, Annapurna Studios, Ramanaidu Studios, Ramakrishna Studios, Padmalaya Studios, Ramoji Film City (the largest Film Studio in India) are some of the notable film studios in the city. The first Hyderabad International Film Festival (HIFF) was organized in 2007 by the Hyderabad Film Club and Andhra Pradesh Film Directors Association.The largest IMAX 3D Theatre in Asia and has powerful projector in the world with 24 optical focus is Prasads IMAX along with 4D Simulator at Hyderabad, India. Inox, PVR Cinemas, Cine Planet, Cinemax, BIG Cinemas and Talkie Town are some other multiplexes in Hyderabad. In the near future 17 more multiplexes are coming up in the areas like Kukatpally, Kacheguda etc.[62]

Ravindra Bharati located at Saifabad, is an important and well known center for theatre and performing arts in the city. Many artists from around the world perform here regularly. Lalithakala Thoranam, Shilpakala Vedika are also similar centers for arts and theatre. State-of-the-art Hyderabad International Convention Centre (HICC) or simply HITEX is the first of its kind in South Asia and is comparable to the world's best convention centers.[63]

The radio industry has expanded with a number of private and government owned FM channels being introduced. The FM radio channels that broadcast in the city include AIR Vividh Bharathi FM (102.8 MHz), AIR Rainbow FM (101.9 MHz), Radio Mirchi FM (98.3 MHz), Radio City FM (91.1 MHz), Big FM (92.7 MHz), Red FM (93.5 MHz) and AIR Gyan Vani FM (107.6 MHz).

State-owned Doordarshan transmits two terrestrial television channels and one satellite television channel from Hyderabad. Some prominent private regional television channels broadcasting from Hyderabad are RAJ NEWS, HMTV, Zee 24 Gantalu, ABN, TV9, RK News TV, MAA TV, I-News, MAHAA TV, Andhrajyothy news, ETV, ATV, Gemini, Teja, Zee Telugu, ETV Urdu, ETV2, Sakshi TV, NTV, TV5, RTV, Bhakthi TV, Local TV.[64]

Hyderabad has three print media groups that publish several newspapers and magazines in Telugu, Urdu, and English. The major Telugu dailies include the Eenadu, Sakshi, Suryaa, Vaartha, Andhra Jyothi, Andhra Prabha, Andhra Bhoomi and Praja Shakti. The major English dailies are The Times of India, The Hindu, The Deccan Chronicle, Business Standard, The New Indian Express and The Economic Times. Hyderabad publishes more number of Urdu dailies than any other Indian city. The major Urdu dailies are The Siasat Daily, The Munsif Daily, Etemaad, Rehnuma-e-Deccan, Rozanama Rashtriya Sahara and The Daily. Lifestyle magazines of Hyderabad are: WOW Hyderabad, You & I, Cluburb, Tulip Hyderabad etc.

Hyderabad is covered by a large network of optical fibre cables. There are four fixed telephone line operators in the city: BSNL, Tata Indicom, Reliance and Airtel. There are fifteen mobile phone companies in which GSM players include Vodafone, Airtel, BSNL, Idea, Tata DoCoMo, Reliance, Virgin Mobile, T24, Aircel and Uninor ; CDMA services offered by BSNL, Virgin Mobile, Tata Indicom, MTS India and Reliance currently.


Sports

See also: List of stadiums in Hyderabad

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Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket stadium

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G.M.C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium

Template:Fix bunching Cricket and Field hockey are the most popular sports in the city. Hyderabad Sultans won the inaugural Premier Hockey League championship in 2005. The city took pride in hosting National Games and Afro-Asian Games. The 4th Military World Games with participation from 110 countries was held in Hyderabad in October 2007. Hyderabad 10k Run is a marathon event conducted every year.

The earliest stadium built in the city is the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium. Formerly known as Fateh Maidan, it was, till recently, the city's only stadium that could conduct International cricket matches. The first cricket match played here was on 19 November 1955. The stadium is currently being used to conduct ICL matches. The new Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium at Uppal has a capacity of approximately 55,000 spectators and is being enhanced to have world class facilities. It houses an ultra-modern gymnasium along with a swimming pool. It has been recently accorded Test match status by the International Cricket Council.

Noted sports persons of International stature from Hyderabad include Ghulam Ahmed, M L Jaisimha, Mohammed Azharuddin, VVS Laxman, Venkatapathy Raju, Shivlal Yadav, Arshad Ayub, Noel David (Cricket), Syed Abdul Rahim,[65] Sania Mirza (Lawn Tennis), Pullela Gopichand, Jwala Gutta, Saina Nehwal, Chetan Anand (Badminton), Mukesh Kumar (Hockey).

Hyderabad's Deccan Chargers franchise in the Indian Premier League was bought by Deccan Chronicle for USD 107 million. Deccan Chargers won the title for the year 2009. The city also has an ICL team named Hyderabad Heroes.[25]

The city houses the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex, the G.M.C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium at Gachibowli for hockey and football and a sophisticated Velodrome for cycling at Osmania University. The city has state-of-the-art venues for gymnastics, archery and sepak takraw, shooting at Saroornagar Indoor Arena and University of Hyderabad respectively. The Aquatics Complex Stadium at Gachibowli, with a capacity of 3000 spectators hosts swimming, diving, water polo and synchronized events. Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Reddy Indoor Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium with a capacity of 2500 spectators and wooden flooring with temperature control. SAAP Tennis Complex has a central court that holds 5000 spectators and has seven courts with synthetic surface. Water games like rowing, yachting, kayaking and canoeing are conducted at Hussain Sagar lake. The city also has five Go-Karting tracks and a Paint Ball Field. There are venues for table-tennis, basketball, equestrianism, boxing, weight-lifting with world class facilities. Hyderabad is fast becoming the hub of motosports events in AP, the Andhra Pradesh motor sports club (APMSC) which was started way back in 1977, has been instrumental in organising popular events like the Deccan 1/4 Mile Drag, TSD Rallies, 4x4 Off road in the recent past which received participation from all corners of India.

Hyderabab has hosted the 2003 Afro-Asian Games at the G.M.C. Balayogi Athletic Stadium in which india won 19 gold medals and made second right behind Chine.

The city is well known for Horse racing. The Hyderabad Race Club formerly known as the Nizam Race Club is located at Malakpet. The Hyderabad race club attracts jockeys from all over the country by conducting various derbys/events here. The Deccan derby, a popular annual event is a regular feature here. The winter races also were conducted here recently. Badminton events take place at the Kotla Vijay Bhaskar Stadium and also at Gachibowli stadiums, and also played by youth and veterans in locality parks.

Sister cities

See also

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