Visa requirements for Philippine citizens

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A Philippine passport

Visa requirements for Philippine citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of the Philippines by the authorities of other territories. As of 14 April 2020, Philippine citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 66 countries and territories, ranking the Philippine passport 76th in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map

  Philippines
  Visa not required
  Visa obtainable on arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Pre-arrival visa required

Visa requirements

UN member and observer countries

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
  • Women of all nationalities must cover their body with clothing, except for their face, hands and feet.
 Albania Visa required[3]
  • Philippine passport holders who have a valid, multiple-entry Schengen visa, which has been previously used in one of the Schengen states, or foreign citizens who have a valid permit of stay in one of the Schengen states, can enter visa-free.
  • Philippine passport holders who have a valid, multiple-entry U.S. or UK visa, which has been previously used in the respective country of issuance, or have valid permit of stay in the U.S. or UK, can enter visa-free.
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa required[5] 3 months
  • There are no visa requirements for entry into Andorra, but it can only be accessed by passing through France or Spain. A multiple entry visa is required to re-enter either France or Spain when leaving Andorra.
  • All visitors can stay for 3 months.
 Angola Visa required[6]
 Antigua and Barbuda Electronic Entry Visa[7]
 Argentina Visa required[8]
  • Those with valid B2 or B1/B2 visa issued by the U.S. are eligible to apply for Electronic Travel Authorization (eTA) prior to arrival (eTA fee is $50 USD and processing time is 20 working days).
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[9] 120 days
 Australia Visa required[10]
  • May apply online (Online Visitor e600 visa).[11]
 Austria Visa required[12]
 Azerbaijan Visa required[13]
  • Visa on arrival for Filipinos residing in United Arab Emirates. Valid UAE residence visa along with the passport or travel document must be presented.
 Bahamas Visa required[14]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not need a visa and may stay up to 30 days.[15]
 Bahrain Visa required[16]
 Bangladesh Visa required[17]
 Barbados Visa not required[18] 90 days
 Belarus Visa required[19]
 Belgium Visa required[20]
 Belize Visa required[21]
  • As of 2018, individuals with valid U.S. or Schengen Treaty Visas in their passports, as well as individuals with valid U.S. residency, do not require a visa to travel to Belize.
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[22][23] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[24]
 Bolivia Visa not required[25] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa required[26]
  • Visa free for up to 30 days for valid UK or Schengen visa holders.
 Botswana Visa required[27]
 Brazil Visa not required[28] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required[29] 14 days
 Bulgaria Visa required[30]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[31]
 Burundi Visa required[32]
 Cambodia Visa not required[33] 30 days
 Cameroon Visa required[34]
 Canada Visa required[35]
  • Holders of 'Green cards' issued by the U.S. do not need a visa to visit or transit Canada, unless deemed inadmissible.[36] Holders of B or C visas issued in Switzerland do not require transit visas when flying with Air Canada via the U.S.
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[37]
 Central African Republic Visa required[38]
 Chad Visa required[39]
 Chile Visa required[40]
 China Visa required[41]
  • Filipino citizens may travel without a visa to Hainan.[42]
  • Visa on arrival for Shenzhen, provided that they have a previously issued Chinese visa, whether valid or expired.[43]
 Colombia Visa not required[44] 180 days
  • 90 days on arrival, can extend another 90 days for 180 days total.
 Comoros Visa on arrival[45] 45 days
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[46]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[47]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[48] 90 days
  • 30 days upon arrival, can extend for total of 90 days.
 Côte d'Ivoire Visa not required[49] 90 days
 Croatia Visa required[50]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 90 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen member states.
 Cuba Visa required[51]
  • Eligible to travel to Cuba for up to 30 days, provided that the Philippine passport holder has a tourist card and also holds a valid visa or permanent residence permit issued by Canada, the United States or an EU member state.
 Cyprus Visa required[52]
 Czech Republic Visa required[53]
 Denmark Visa required[54]
 Djibouti eVisa[55] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[56] 21 days
 Dominican Republic Visa required[57]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not require a visa and may stay up to 30 days.[58]
 Ecuador Visa required[59]
 Egypt Visa required[60]
 El Salvador Visa required[61]
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[62]
 Eritrea Visa required[63]
 Estonia Visa required[64]
 Eswatini Visa required[65]
 Ethiopia eVisa[66] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[67] 4 months
 Finland Visa required[68]
 France Visa required[69]
  • Transit through a French airport also requires a transit visa[70]
 Gabon eVisa[71]
 Gambia Visa not required[72] 90 days
  • Must obtain an entry clearance from the Gambian Immigration prior to travel.[73]
 Georgia eVisa[74]
  • No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid Schengen visa is in a passport, must not stay longer than the validity period of the Schengen visa.[75]
  • No visa required for visit as a tourist if a valid original resident permit card from any GCC States is presented with Official English Translation (if the card has NO English Translation) and a Travel Insurance. With this scheme, a Philippine citizen can enter Georgia without a visa for 90 days in any 180-day period. Please, note that you must present relevant valid visa or residence permit along with your travel document/passport at the moment of crossing Georgian border. This should be verified with the travel document or/and other relevant document.[76]
 Germany Visa required[77]
 Ghana Visa required[78]
 Greece Visa required[79]
 Grenada Visa required[80]
 Guatemala Visa required[81]
 Guinea eVisa[82] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[83] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[84]
 Haiti Visa not required[85] 3 months
 Honduras Visa required[86]
 Hungary Visa required[87]
 Iceland Visa required[88]
 India e-Visa[89] 60 days / 180 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][90]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[91]
 Indonesia Visa not required[92] 30 days
 Iran Visa on arrival[93] 30 days[94]
 Iraq Visa required[95]
 Ireland Visa required[96]
 Israel Visa not required[97] 3 months
 Italy Visa required[98]
 Jamaica Visa required[99]
  • Permanent Residents of Canada do not require a visa.[100]
 Japan Visa required[101]
 Jordan Visa required[102]
 Kazakhstan Visa required[103] [104]
 Kenya eVisa / Visa on arrival[105] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa required[106]
 North Korea Visa required[107]
 South Korea Visa required[108]
  • Visa free transit (up to 30 days) provided holding a valid U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand visa, and arriving from or departing to those countries.
  • Visa-free access for 30 days to Jeju Island.
 Kuwait Visa required[109]
 Kyrgyzstan eVisa / Visa on arrival[110] 1 month
 Laos Visa not required[112] 30 days
 Latvia Visa required[113]
 Lebanon Visa required[114]
 Lesotho eVisa[115][116]
 Liberia Visa required[117]
 Libya Visa required[118]
 Liechtenstein Visa required[119]
 Lithuania Visa required[120]
 Luxembourg Visa required[121]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[122] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[123] 90 days
  • 30 days upon arrival. Can extend for a total of 90 days.
 Malaysia Visa not required[124] 30 days
 Maldives Visa on arrival[125] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[126]
 Malta Visa required[127]
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[128] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[129]
 Mauritius Visa on arrival[130] 60 days[131]
 Mexico Visa required[132]
  • Permanent residents of Canada or of the United States (i.e., Green Card Holders), or holders of a valid Schengen visa or U.S. or Japan visa do not require a visa.[133]
 Micronesia Visa not required[134] 30 days
 Moldova Visa required[135]
 Monaco Visa required[136]
 Mongolia Visa not required[137] 21 days
 Montenegro Visa required[138]
  • Holders of travel documents containing a valid Schengen, U.S., UK or Ireland visa, or a permission to stay in these countries, may enter and stay, or pass through the territory of Montenegro up to 30 days, and not longer than the expiry of visa, if the period of validity of the visa is less than 30 days.
 Morocco Visa not required[139] 90 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[140] 30 days
 Myanmar Visa not required[141] 14 days[142]
 Namibia Visa required[143]
 Nauru Visa required[144]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[145] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa required[146]
 New Zealand Visa required[147]
  • May transit without a visa.[148]
 Nicaragua Visa on arrival[149] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[150]
 Nigeria Visa required[151]
 North Macedonia Visa required[152]
  • Those with a valid British, Canadian or U.S. visa with a validity date at least 5 days beyond the intended period of stay in the Republic of Macedonia can stay for up to 15 (fifteen) days at any given entry on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia while the total duration of consecutive stays in the Republic of Macedonia must not exceed 3 (three) months in any six-month period calculated from the day of first entry.
 Norway Visa required[153]
 Oman Visa required[154]
 Pakistan Online Visa[155]
  • Online Visa eligible.[156]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[157]
 Palau Visa on arrival[158] 30 days
 Panama Visa required[159]
  • Holders of a valid, multiple-entry visa of the United States, or United Kingdom, or Canada, or Australia, or Japan, or the Schengen Area, or Singapore, or South Korea are allowed to stay for thirty (30) days.
  • Permanent residents of the United States, or United Kingdom, or Canada, or Australia, or Japan, of the European Union, or Singapore, or South Korea are allowed entry to stay for thirty (30) days.
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[160] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa required[161]
 Peru Visa not required[162] 183 days
 Poland Visa required[163]
 Portugal Visa required[164]
 Qatar eVisa[165][166]
 Romania Visa required[167]
 Russia Visa required[168]
  • As of July 1, 2019, Filipinos can apply online for an eVisa to visit the Kaliningrad Oblast for up to 8 days, for tourism or business purposes. Holders of eVisas must enter Kaliningrad through the following ports of entry: Khrabrovo (Air), Baltiysk Svetly (Seaport), Mamonovo Sovetsk (Railway) or Bagrationovsk Gusev (Road).
  • As of October 1, 2019, Filipinos can apply online for a free eVisa to visit Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Region for up to 8 days, for tourism or business purposes.
 Rwanda Visa not required[169][170] 90 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis eVisa[171] 30 days
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[172] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[173] 1 month
 Samoa Entry Permit on arrival[174] 60 days
 San Marino Visa required[175]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[176]
  • Visa is obtained online.[177]
 Saudi Arabia Visa required[178]
  • Philippine passport holder with already used but still valid US, UK, Schengen visas can avail visa-on-arrival at any port of entry in Saudi Arabia.
 Senegal Visa on arrival[179] 90 days
 Serbia Visa required[180]
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[181] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa required[182]
 Singapore Visa not required[183] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa required[184]
 Slovenia Visa required[185]
 Solomon Islands Visa required[186]
 Somalia Visa on arrival[187] 30 days
 South Africa Visa required[188]
 South Sudan Visa required[189]
 Spain Visa required[190]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[191] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[192]
 Suriname Visa not required[193] 90 days
 Sweden Visa required[194]
  Switzerland Visa required[195]
 Syria Visa required[196]
 Tajikistan eVisa[197] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[198]
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[199][200] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[201] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[202] 30 days
 Togo Visa on arrival[203] 7 days
 Tonga Visa required[204]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa on arrival[205]
 Tunisia Visa required[206]
 Turkey Visa required[207] 30 days
  • eVisas can be obtained online[208] for US$20 provided that a return ticket, hotel reservation and at least US$50 for each day's stay is shown.
  • Must travel for the purposes of tourism or business and hold a valid visa OR valid residence permit from one of the Schengen countries, U.S., UK or Ireland (E-visas are not accepted).[209]
 Turkmenistan Visa required[210]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[211] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[212]
 Ukraine Visa required[214]
 United Arab Emirates Visa required[215]
 United Kingdom Visa required[216]
 United States Visa required[217]
 Uruguay Visa required[218]
 Uzbekistan eVisa[219] 30 days
  • 5-day visa-free transit at the international airports if holding a confirmed onward ticket for a flight to a third country.[220]
 Vanuatu Visa not required[221] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa required[222]
 Venezuela Visa required[223]
 Vietnam Visa not required[224] 21 days
  • A single entry eVisa valid for 30 days is also available.[225]
 Yemen Visa required[226]
 Zambia eVisa[227]
 Zimbabwe eVisa[228]

Certain countries allow Filipino citizens to enter without a visa if they are in a possession of a valid visa or resident permit for Canada, Ireland, the Schengen area, the United States or the United Kingdom.

Territories and disputed areas

Visa requirements for Filipino citizens for entry to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Africa
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[229]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for foreign visitors is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[230]
 Mayotte Visa required[231]
 Réunion Visa required[231]
 Ascension Island eVisa[232][233]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena eVisa[234][235]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[236]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
  • Filipino citizens may enter the Moroccan controlled zone of Western Sahara without obtaining a visa.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[237][238]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreign visitors traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[239]
Asia
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa required[240] Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[241]
 Hong Kong Visa not required[242] 14 days
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for all of Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and parts of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and Uttarakhand. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[243][244][245]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[246]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[247]
  • May stay up to 14 days.
 Macao Visa not required[248] 30 days
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[249]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[250] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[251]
 Taiwan Visa not required[252] 14 days from 1 November 2017 to 31 July 2020.[253]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[254][255][256]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[257]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Anguilla Visa required[258]
 Aruba Visa required[259] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
 Bermuda Visa required Visa not required if transiting through the United Kingdom. Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa required[261] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
 British Virgin Islands Visa required[262] Permanent residents of the United States, Canada or the United Kingdom do not require a visa.
 Cayman Islands Visa required[263] Up to 30 days visa-free for permanent residents of and traveling directly from: Canada, USA or UK.[264][265][266] Visa free for cruise ship passengers leaving on same day as arrival.[267]
 Curaçao Visa required[268] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
France French Guiana Visa required[269] Schengen visa is required.
France French West Indies Visa required French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[270]
 Greenland Visa required[271] Schengen visa is required.
 Montserrat eVisa[272] Multiple entry eVisa valid for 1 year can be obtained through the internet, prior to departure.
 Puerto Rico Visa required[273] Visa issued by the United States is required.
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa required[231] Permanent Residents of Canada are exempted from passport and visa requirements for stays of maximum duration of 3 months within a period of 6 months.[274]
 Sint Maarten Visa required[275] Visa free if U.S., UK, Canada or Schengen Area resident permit holder or cruise ship passenger staying not more than 48 hours[260]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required[276] Visa is required as of 1 April 2015
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[277] Visa issued by the United States is required.
Europe
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required[278]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). there is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[279][280]
 Republic of Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[281]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[282][283]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[284] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa required[271]
 Gibraltar Visa required[285] British visa is required.
 Guernsey Visa required[286] British visa is required.
 Isle of Man Visa required[287] British visa is required.
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[288] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[289]
 Jersey Visa required[290] British visa is required.
 Kosovo Visa required[291]
  • Visa free for a maximum stay of 15 days for valid visa holders or residents of the Schengen Area member states.[291]
  • Do not need a visa a holder of a valid biometric residence permit issued by one of the Schengen member states or a valid multi-entry Schengen Visa, a holder of a valid Laissez-Passer issued by United Nations Organizations, NATO, OSCE, Council of Europe or European Union a holder of a valid travel documents issued by EU Member and Schengen States, United States of America, Canada, Australia and Japan based on the 1951 Convention on Refugee Status or the 1954 Convention on the Status of Stateless Persons, as well as holders of valid travel documents for foreigners (max. 15 days stay)[292]
 Republic of Artsakh Visa required[293][294] Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[295]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[296]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[297][298]
 Svalbard Visa not required Svalbard Treaty allows everybody may live and work in Svalbard indefinitely regardless of country of citizenship.
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24 hours.[299][300]
Oceania
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Entry permit required[301] Entry permit may be obtained from Office of Attorney General of American Samoa.[302]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[303]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[304]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[305]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[306]
 French Polynesia Visa required[307]
 Guam Visa required[308] US visa is required.
 New Caledonia Visa required[231]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa required US visa is required.
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[309]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[310][311][312]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[313][314][315][316][317][318][319]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa required[231]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa required[320]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[321][322]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332][333][334]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[335]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages for the holder:[336]

  • No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States).
  • May undertake legitimate business in participating economies.
  • Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members.
  • Expedited scheduling of a visa interview (United States).

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[337] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[338] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[339]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[340][341]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[342][343] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[344]

Some countries, such as Japan,[345] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[346] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[347] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[348] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[349] Philippines,[350] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[351]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[352] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[353] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[354]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[355] Lebanon,[356] Libya,[357] Syria,[358] and Yemen[359] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[360]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[361][362] Argentina,[363] Brunei, Cambodia,[364] China,[365] Ethiopia,[366] Ghana, Guinea,[367] India, Japan,[368][369] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[370] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[371] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[372] Singapore, South Korea,[373] Taiwan, Thailand,[374] Uganda,[375] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[376][377][378] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[379]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[380] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[381][382]

See also

References and Notes

References

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  376. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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  382. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.

Notes

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