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Zhanjiang

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This article is about the Chinese city of Zhanjiang, known in French as Fort Bayard. For the fort in the District of Columbia, see Fort Bayard (Washington, D.C.).
Zhanjiang
湛江
广州湾 · Kwangchouwan
Prefecture-level city
湛江市
Hu Guang Yan Lake
Hu Guang Yan Lake
Nickname: 
Harbour City (港城)
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGuangdong
City seatChikan District
Government
 • CPC Party ChiefLiu Xiaohua (刘小华)
 • MayorWang Zhongbing (王中丙)
Area
 • Prefecture-level city12,490 km2 (4,820 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 census)
 • Prefecture-level city6,993,304
 • Density560/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,400,685
 • Metro
1,400,685
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
524000
Area code759
Major NationalitiesHan
County-level divisions9
License Plate Prefix粤G
GDP2010
 - TotalCNY 140.28 billion
 - per capitaCNY 20,048
Websitehttp://www.zhanjiang.gov.cn/
Zhanjiang
Chinese湛江
Literal meaningazure river
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhànjiāng
Wade–GilesTsankiang
IPA[tʂântɕjɑ́ŋ]
Wu
Romanizationzae上kaon上
Hakka
RomanizationChhám-kông
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingzaam3gong1
Southern Min
Hokkien POJTām-kang

Zhanjiang (Chinese: 湛江), formerly known as Tsamkong, Tsankiang, Fort-Bayard, and Kwang-Chou-Wan, is a prefecture-level city at the southwestern end of Guangdong province of Southern China, facing the island of Hainan to the south.

Its population is 6,993,304 inhabitants at the 2010 census. 1,400,685 live in the built up area made of 4 urban districts (Chikan, Xiashan, Potou and Mazhang)

Administration

Zhanjiang has direct juridiction over 9 county-level divisions:

Map # Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population (2003 est.) Area (km²) Density (/km²)
City proper
1 Chikan District 赤坎区 Chìkǎn Qū 220,000 79 2,785
2 Xiashan District 霞山区 Xiáshān Qū 360,000 88 4,091
Suburban
3 Potou District 坡头区 Pōtóu Qū 380,000 424 896
4 Mazhang District 麻章区 Mázhāng Qū 470,000 769 611
Satellite cities
5 Wuchuan City 吴川市 Wúchuān Shì 1,010,000 848 1,191
6 Lianjiang City 廉江市 Liánjiāng Shì 1,510,000 2,835 533
7 Leizhou City 雷州市 Léizhōu Shì 1,510,000 3,523 429
Rural
8 Suixi County 遂溪县 Suíxī Xiàn 990,000 2,144 462
9 Xuwen County 徐闻县 Xúwén Xiàn 690,000 1954.37 382

Geography

Zhanjiang is located to the southwest of the city of Guangzhou on an inlet of the South China Sea. It is located on the eastern coast of the Leizhou Peninsula. The dialect in downtown districts is Cantonese, while the people in most counties speak Hai'nan dialect (or Leizhou dialect as referred locally). The dialect in Lianjiang County is Hakka.

Climate

Climate data for Zhanjiang
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19
(66) 		19
(66) 		22
(71) 		26
(78) 		29
(85) 		31
(88) 		32
(89) 		31
(88) 		31
(87) 		28
(82) 		24
(76) 		21
(69) 		26
(79)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 14
(57) 		14
(58) 		18
(64) 		22
(71) 		25
(77) 		27
(80) 		27
(81) 		27
(80) 		26
(78) 		23
(73) 		18
(65) 		14
(58) 		21
(70)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20
(0.8) 		36
(1.4) 		48
(1.9) 		110
(4.3) 		180
(7.1) 		220
(8.7) 		210
(8.4) 		290
(11.5) 		230
(8.9) 		89
(3.5) 		43
(1.7) 		20
(0.8) 		1,496
(59)
Source: Weatherbase [1]

History

During the Qin Dynasty (221BC–206BC), the area of today's belonged to Xiang Shire and the central government of the Han Dynasty (206BC–220AD) set Xuwen County administering the whole Leizhou Peninsular. It was one of the earliest departure points on the Marine Silk Road. The population spiked during the Tang (618–907) and Song (960–1279) dynasties.

The region was still a small fishing port when it was occupied by the French in 1898. The next year, the French forced the Chinese to lease a small enclave of Zhanjiang to them for 99 years as the territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan. The French wanted to develop the port, which they called Fort-Bayard, to serve southern China, in parts of which France had exclusive rights to railway and mineral development. Their efforts, however, were hindered by the poverty of the surrounding land. The French retained control of the region until 1943, when the Japanese occupied the area during World War II. At the end of the war the region returned briefly under French rule before being formally returned to China in 1946 by general Charles de Gaulle, then French head of state.

Following the establishment of the People’s Republic in 1949, Zhanjiang developed new importance. In 1955 a rail link was built to Litang in Guangxi province, where it joined the Hunan-Guangxi Railway. Since then, Zhanjiang has developed into a major modern port serving southern China, usable by ships of up to 50,000 tons. In 1984 Zhanjiang was designated one of the “open” cities of China, where the central government invited foreign investment; this spurred the city’s further industrial development. It has shipyards and engineering works; automobile, electrical-appliance, and textile plants; and sugar refineries, flour and rice mills, and chemical works. In the early 1990s a new rail line was completed, linking Zhanjiang with Guangzhou, the provincial capital. The line was later extended to Hai’an, at the southernmost tip of Leizhou Peninsula, where trains could be transported by ferry across the Hainan Strait to Haikou.

Until the introduction of Pinyin spelling, it was often known in the west as "Tsamkong" due to the Cantonese pronunciation of the name.

Military

Zhanjiang is headquarter of the South Sea Fleet of the People's Liberation Army Navy. It is also home base to two marine brigades.

Economy

The most important resource aspect of Zhanjiang City is its resource port. Zhanjiang's Port has 241 kilometers of coastline which is 4 times as long as the world's first largest port--Rotterdam. Zhanjiang Port is one of the eight major ports in China, with an annual throughput of more than 2,600 million tons. It was the first self-designed and domestically built modern deep water port of China.

It is a seaport and trade center with a diversified industrial base, including a shipyard, textile plants, sugar refineries. plants producing automobiles, chemicals and electrical appliances as well as rice mills.

Agriculture

Sugarcane production was Zhanjiang's most prominent agricultural product in 2007: in 2006 it was 9,135,500 tons and it was 10,000,000 tons in 2007. Akoya cultured pearls, pineapples, bananas, papayas, seafood, farm-raised prawns and fish are native products and also play a prominent role in the agricultural economy of Zhanjiang.

Industry

Industrial economy to make a breakthrough, a marked increase in the number of units. Zhanjiang in 2007 of all industrial output value of 112.134 billion yuan, up 17.1 percent, a growth rate of nearly 4-year high of 15.3 billion net increase over the previous year. In 2007 the city's industrial enterprises above designated size reached 714, 71 more than last year, industrial output value of over a hundred million of the 132 enterprises.

  • Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone

The zone was founded in 1984. Its total planned area is 9.2 square kilometers. It is located in Zhanjiang. The zone has a very good location for transportation. It is very convenient to get to the airport, the national highway G325 as well as the port. The major industries in the zone including automobile assembly, biotechnology and computer software.[2]

Business

In 2007 the total value of retail sales of consumer goods in Zhanjiang was 38.216 billion yuan, an increase of 19.5% over the previous 12 years.

Port of Zhanjiang

The Port of Zhanjiang is located on the southernmost tip of mainland China's Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, the Eastern port of the South China Sea, North of Hainan Island, the north west Bay. The port became more prominent in the People's Republic of China after 1949. It became connected to Litang, about 1400 kilometers away and also the Hunan-Guangxi railway system.


Tourism

Zhanjiang, a well-known tourist attractions, "Zhanjiang Eight," as follows:

  1. East Island
  2. Huguangyan National Geopark
  3. View of the sea promenade
  4. Park Jin-inch
  5. Lighthouse
  6. South Asia Subtropical Botanical Garden
  7. South Isles
  8. Zhanjiang Port

Major theme attractions

  • South Park
  • North Park
  • Hoi Tin Park
  • Southern tropical garden
  • Sino-Australian Friendship Garden
  • Jin Sha Wan Park
  • Golden Bay promenade Guanhai
  • Zhanjiang Waterfront Park
  • Park fishing port
  • Xia Lake Park
  • Green River Wetland Park

French architectural monuments

  • French minister to the Department of the Guangzhou Bay
  • France, the Police Department, Guangzhou Bay
  • Victor Catholic Church
  • Calyon site
  • Guangzhou Bay Chamber of Commerce Center

International relations

Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in China

Twin towns — Sister cities

Zhanjiang is twinned with:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Zhanjiang, China". Weatherbase. 2011. Retrieved on November 24, 2011.
  2. ^ RightSite.asia | Zhanjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zhanjiang.
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