Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/PMA-ICAO2010.jpg/200px-PMA-ICAO2010.jpg)
Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Malaysia.
As of 2024, Malaysian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 183 countries and territories, ranking the Malaysian passport 12th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index,[1] making it the 2nd highest-ranked passport in Southeast Asia after Singapore, the 5th highest-ranked in Asia[2] and the 2nd highest-ranked passport in the developing world and among Muslim-majority countries, just behind United Arab Emirates.
Although Malaysian passports bear the inscription "This passport is valid for all countries except Israel" and the Malaysian government officially allows travel to Israel for Christian and Muslim pilgrims only, Israel still issues visas to Malaysian citizens according to its rules.
In September 2017, Malaysia announced a ban on all Malaysian citizens from travelling to North Korea, in the wake of strained Malaysia–North Korea relations following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.[3]
Visa requirements map
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Visa_requirements_for_Malaysian_citizens.svg/800px-Visa_requirements_for_Malaysian_citizens.svg.png)
Visa requirements
[edit]Country / Region | Visa requirement | Allowed stay | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
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Visa required[4] | ||
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Visa not required[5] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[6] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[7] | ||
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Visa required[8] | ||
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Visa not required[9] | 180 days | |
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Visa not required[10] | 30 days[11] | |
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eVisa[12][13] | 120 days |
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Electronic Travel Authority[14] | 3 months |
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Visa not required[15] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[16] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[17] | 3 months | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[18] | 1 month |
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Visa on arrival[19] | 30 days |
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Visa not required[20] | 6 months | |
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Visa not required[21] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[22] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[23] | ||
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eVisa[24][25] | 30 days |
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eVisa[26][27] | ||
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Online Visa / Visa on arrival[28] | 30 days[29] | |
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Visa not required[30] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[31] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[32] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[33] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[34] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa[35][36] | ||
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Visa on arrival[37] | 1 month | |
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Visa not required[38] | 30 days | |
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eVisa[39][40] | ||
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Visa required[41] | ||
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Visa on arrival[42] |
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Visa required[43] | ||
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Visa required[44] | ||
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Visa not required[45] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[46] | 15 days | |
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Online Visa[49][50] | ||
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Visa on arrival[51] | 45 days | |
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Visa required[52] | ||
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eVisa[53][54] | 7 days | |
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Visa not required[55] | 90 days | |
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eVisa[56][57] | 3 months |
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Visa not required[59] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[60] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[61] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[62] | 3 months |
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Visa not required[64] | 3 months |
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eVisa[66][67] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[68] | 6 months | |
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Visa not required[69] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[70] | 90 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[71][72] | 30 days / 15 days | |
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Visa not required[73] | 3 months | |
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eVisa[74][75] | ||
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Visa required[76] | ||
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Visa not required[77] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[78] | 30 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[79][80] | up to 90 days |
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Visa not required[81] | 4 months | |
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Visa not required[82] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[83] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[84] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[85] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[86] | 1 year | |
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Visa not required[87] | 90 days |
|
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Visa required[88] | ||
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Visa not required[89] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[90] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[91] | 90 days | |
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eVisa[92][93] | 90 days | |
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Visa on arrival[94] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[95] | 60 days[96] | |
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Visa not required[97] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[98] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[99] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[100] | 90 days |
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eVisa[101] | 30 days |
|
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Visa not required[104] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[105] | 15 days | |
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Visa required[106] | ||
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Visa not required[107] | 3 months | |
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Travel Banned by the Malaysian government[108] |
| |
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Visa not required[110] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[111] | 180 days | |
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Visa not required[112] | 90 days | |
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eVisa / Free visa on arrival[113][114] | 1 month |
|
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Visa not required[116] | 30 days | |
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Electronic Travel Authorisation[117][118] | 3 months |
|
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Visa not required[119] | 90 days | |
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Travel Banned by the Malaysian government[120] |
| |
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Electronical Travel Authorization[122] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[124][125] | 3 months |
|
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Visa not required[126] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[127] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[128] | 90 days |
|
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Free visa on arrival[129] | 1 month |
|
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Visa not required[130] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[131] | ||
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Visa not required[132][133] | 14 days |
|
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Visa not required[134] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[135] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[136] | 90 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[137] | 60 days | |
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Visa not required[138] | 90 days | |
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Free visa on arrival[139] | 30 days |
|
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Visa required[140] | ||
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Visa not required[141] | 90 days |
|
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Visa on arrival[142] | 90 days | |
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Visa on arrival[143] |
| |
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Visa not required[144] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[145] | 180 days | |
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Visa not required[146] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[147] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[148] | ||
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Visa not required[149] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[150] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[151][152] | 90 days | |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[153][154] | 30 days |
|
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eVisa[155][156] | 28 days |
|
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Visa not required[157] | 3 Months | |
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Visa required[158] |
| |
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Online Visa / Visa on arrival[160] | 90 days[161] | |
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Visa not required[162] | 90 days |
|
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Electronic Travel Authority[163] | 3 months |
|
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Visa not required[166] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[167] | ||
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eVisa[168][169] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[170] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[171] | 3 months |
|
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Visa not required / eVisa[174][175] | 14 days / 30 days | |
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eVisa[176] | 90 days |
|
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Free visa on arrival[177] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[178] | 90 days | |
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eVisa[179][180] | 60 days |
|
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Visa required[182] | ||
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Visa not required[183] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[184] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[185] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[186] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[187][188] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[189] | 90 days |
|
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eVisa[190][191] | 16 days | |
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Visa not required[192] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[193] | 3 months | |
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Visa on arrival[194] | 6 weeks | |
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Visa not required[195] | 3 month | |
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Visa not required[196] | 60 days | |
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Visa not required[197] | ||
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eVisa[198][199] |
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eVisa / Visa on arrival[200][201] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[202] | 90 days | |
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Visa required[203][204] |
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Electronic Border System[205][206] | 3 months |
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Free Visa on arrival[207] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[208] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[209] | 90 days |
|
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Visa not required[210] | 90 days |
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Free Visitor's permit on arrival[211] | 3 months | |
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Visa on arrival[212] | 30 days |
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Visa not required[213] | 90 days [214] | |
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eVisa[215][216] |
| |
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Visa not required[217] | 90 days |
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eVisa / Free Visa on arrival[218][219] | 60 days / 30 days |
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Visa on arrival[222] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[223][224] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[227] | 90 days |
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Visa not required[228] | 90 days |
|
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Free visa on arrival[229][230] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[231] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[232] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[233][234] | 60 days | |
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Visa on arrival[235] | 30 days[236] |
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eVisa[238][239] | 15 days |
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Free visa on arrival[241] | 31 days |
|
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Visa not required[243] | ||
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Visa not required[244] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[245] | 90 days |
|
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Visa required[246] | ||
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Free Visa on arrival[247] | 1 month | |
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Visa not required[248] | 3 months | |
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Visa required[249][250] |
| |
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Visa not required[251] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[252] | 6 months | |
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Visa required[253][254] |
| |
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Visa not required[255] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[256] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[257] | 30 days | |
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Visa not required[258] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[259] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[260] | 30 days |
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Visa on arrival[261] | 3 months | |
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Visa not required[262] | 90 days | |
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Visa not required[263] | 3 months |
Date of visa changes |
---|
Malaysians have never required visas to the following countries:
|
30 August 1962: The Philippines (as Federation of Malaya) [264] |
18 December 1980: Micronesia |
9 September 1983: South Korea |
1 November 1987: New Zealand [265] |
11 March 1993: Dominica [266] |
6 June 1994: Mongolia [267] |
1995: Kyrgyzstan |
26 May 1997: Cambodia |
26 May 1998: Cuba |
22 July 1999: Brazil [268] |
21 November 2001: Vietnam |
1 November 2002: Taiwan [269] |
1 July 2004: Laos |
20 September 2007: Kiribati [270] |
18 December 2007: Dominican Republic [271] |
8 May 2012: Panama[272] |
1 July 2013: Japan [273] |
11 January 2014: Moldova [274] |
19 August 2016: Tanzania [275] |
14 December 2016: Costa Rica [276] |
1 January 2017: Kazakhstan [277] |
12 February 2017: Belarus |
9 August 2017: Qatar [278] |
27 December 2017: Morocco [279] |
1 January 2018: Rwanda [280] |
10 February 2018: Uzbekistan [281] |
10 December 2020: Oman [282] |
1 January 2022: Tajikistan [283] |
1 July 2022: Suriname [284] |
1 December 2023: China (until 30 November 2024) [285] |
21 March 2024: Libya |
Territories and disputed areas
[edit]Visa requirements for Malaysia citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:
Visitor to | Visa requirement | Notes (excluding departure fees) |
---|---|---|
Europe | ||
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Visa required | Electronic form submission and supporting documents submission via email or fax[286] |
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Special permit required | Special permit required (4 days: 25 EUR for Orthodox visitors, 35 EUR for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 EUR for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[287][288] |
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Visa not required | Visa-free for 10 days[289] Entry to / exit from Brest, Zhabinsky, Kamenets, Pruzhansky districts of Brest region, as well as Svisloch district of the Grodno region must be through road checkpoints Brest (Terespol), Domachevo (Slovatici), Peschatka (Polovtsi), the point of a simplified pass Pererov (Bialowieza), railway crossing point Brest-Vostochny (Terespol) & checkpoint Brest airport. Entry to / exit from territory of special tourist and recreational park Augustow Canal must be through road checkpoints Bruzgi (Forge Belostotskaya) Privalka (Raigardas), point of a simplified check Forestry (Rudavka), Privalka (Svindubre), railway checkpoint Grodno (Kuznica Belostotskaya) & checkpoint Airport Grodno. |
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Visa required | Visa issued by Russia is required.[290] |
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Visa not required | 3 months[291][292] |
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Access Permit required[293] | Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas. |
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Visa not required | 90 days[294][295] |
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Visa not required[296] | 90 days[297] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[298] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[299] |
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Permit required | Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[300][301] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[302] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[303] |
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Visa on arrival | Travellers can obtain the visa on arrival at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs office in Stepanakert upon arrival.[304][305] Holders of a passport containing an Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or any evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[306][307] |
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Special authorization required | Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[308] |
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Visa not required | Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[309][310] |
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Visa not required | Registration required after 24h.[311] |
Africa | ||
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Special permit required | Special permit required.[312][313] |
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Travel permit required | To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[314] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[315][316] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[315][316][317] |
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eVisa[318][319] | 3 months within any year period. |
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Visitor's Pass on arrival | 6 months. Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 GBP.[320] |
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Permission required | Permission to land required for 15/30 GBP (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 GBP for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[321] |
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Undefined visa regime | Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory. |
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Visa on arrival | 30 days for 30 USD, payable on arrival.[322] |
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Travel permit required | All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit. |
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Travel permit required | Separate travel permit is required.[323] |
Asia | ||
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Visa on arrival[324] | 30 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport. |
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Visa not required | 90 days[325] |
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PAP/RAP required | Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[326][327][328][329][330][331] |
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Special permission required | Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[332] |
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Visa not required | Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[333] |
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Visa not required | 30 days[334] |
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Permission required | With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[335] |
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Special permit required | People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving) |
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Visa not required[336] | Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[337] |
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Visa not required[338] | 30 days[339] |
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OIVR permit required | OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[340][341][342] |
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TTP required | Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[343][344][345] |
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Special permit required | A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[346][347] |
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Restricted zone | |
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Restricted zone | |
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Special permission required | Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[348] |
Caribbean and North Atlantic | ||
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Visa not required | 3 months[349] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[350][351] |
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Visa not required | 6 months.[31] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[352][353] |
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Visa not required | 6 months, extensions possible[354] |
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Tourist Card on arrival | must hold return/onward ticket. Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[356] |
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Visa not required | 60 days[357] |
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Visa not required | 3 months[358] |
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Visa not required | 90 days. French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[316][317] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[359] |
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Visa not required | All visitors are fingerprinted.[360] |
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Visa not required | 6 months[361][362] |
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Visa required[363] | Visa Issued by the United States is required. |
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Visa not required | 90 days[315][316][317] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[364][365] |
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Visa required | Holders of valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA may enter Turks and Caicos Islands for stay up to a maximum of 90 days.[366][367] |
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Visa required[368] | Visa issued by the United States is required. |
South America | ||
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Visa not required | 90 days[369][316][317] |
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Pre-registration required | Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[370] |
Oceania | ||
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Entry permit required | Entry Permit required from Office of Attorney General of American Samoa.[371] |
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Special authorisation required | Special authorisation required.[372] |
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Special permit required | Special permit required.[373] |
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Visa not required | 31 days[374] |
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Special permission required | Special permission required.[375] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[376][316] |
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Visa not required | 45 days[377] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[315][316] |
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Visa not required | 30 days[378] |
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Visa not required | 45 days[377] |
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Visa not required | 14 days visa free and landing fee USD 35 or tax of USD 5 if not going ashore.[379][380][381] |
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Special permits required | Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[382][383][384][385][386][387][388][389] |
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Visa not required | 90 days[315] |
South Atlantic and Antarctica | ||
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Visa required[390] | British Overseas Territory visa is required. Apply at British High Commission[391] |
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Permit required | Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required 60 days before arrival[392] |
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Special permits required | Special permits required for ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
APEC Business Travel Card
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/APEC_Business_Travel_Card_Member_States.svg/450px-APEC_Business_Travel_Card_Member_States.svg.png)
Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[404]
1 - Up to 180 days
2 - Up to 90 days
3 - Up to 90 days in a period of 180 days
4 - Up to 60 days
The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[405]
- No need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by Canada and United States)
- Undertake legitimate business in participating economies
- Expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
Non-visa restrictions
[edit]
Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.
Blank passport pages
[edit]Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[406] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.
Vaccination
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg/220px-The_New_Cover_of_the_International_Certificate_of_Vaccination_issued_by_the_Philippines.jpg)
Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[407] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[408]
Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[409][410]
Passport validity length
[edit]Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.
However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[411][412] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[413]
Some countries, such as Japan,[414] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[415] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.
In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[416] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[417] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[418] Philippines,[419] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[420]
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.
Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.
Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.
Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.
Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[421] and South Africa.
Criminal record
[edit]Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[422] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.
Persona non grata
[edit]The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[423]
Israeli stamps
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Border_Control_Entry_Permit_Israel.jpg/220px-Border_Control_Entry_Permit_Israel.jpg)
Kuwait,[424] Lebanon,[425] Libya,[426] Syria,[427] and Yemen[428] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.
To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]
Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.
Biometrics
[edit]Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[429]
Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[430][431] Argentina,[432] Brunei, Cambodia,[433] China,[434] Ethiopia,[435] Ghana, Guinea,[436] India, Japan,[437][438] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[439] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[440] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[441] Singapore, South Korea,[442] Taiwan, Thailand,[443] Uganda,[444] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.
Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[445][446][447] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[448]
Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[449] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[450][451]
See also
[edit]References and Notes
[edit]- References
- ^ "Global Passport Ranking".
- ^ "Global Ranking - Passport Index 2022". Henley & Partners. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
- ^ "Rising tension spurs Malaysia to ban travel to North Korea". Reuters. 28 September 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
- ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
- ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries exempt from visa, Department of Immigration of Antigua and Barbuda.
- ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
- ^ "Visa-Exempt Countries". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y Culto.
- ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
- ^ "Armenia eVisa".
- ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
- ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
- ^ Visa free countries
- ^ eVISA Online Services – Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Bahamas, Government of the Bahamas
- ^ Bahrain eVisas, Ministry of Interior of Bahrain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Barbados Visa Requirements and Reciprocal Arrangements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade of Barbados, 1 July 2020.
- ^ Visa-free travel, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Belarus.
- ^ Visa for Belgium, Federal Public Service Foreign Affairs of Belgium.
- ^ Do you need a visa to travel to Belize?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade & Immigration, Belize, July 2023.
- ^ Visa, Emigration and Immigration Directorate of Benin.
- ^ "Benin eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Tourism Council of Bhutan.
- ^ "Bhutan eVisa".
- ^ Requirements to enter Bolivia, General Directorate of Migration of Bolivia (in Spanish).
- ^ "Bolivia Online Visa".
- ^ Visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- ^ a b Requirements for visa application, Government of Botswana.
- ^ Visas to travel to Brazil, Ministry of External Relations of Brazil (in Portuguese and English).
- ^ Country category for visa application, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Brunei.
- ^ Visa for Bulgaria, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bulgaria.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Burkina Faso eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Cameroon eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "China to extend visa-free travel for Malaysians to 30 days".
- ^ "Embassy of the People's Republic of China in Malaysia".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Colombia Online Visa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "DR Congo eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "CI eVisa".
- ^ "Officially Recognized and Approved e-Visa website by the State of Ivory Coast". Snedai Group.
- ^ Visa requirements overview, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa policy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus.
- ^ List of states whose citizens are exempt from visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, 13 July 2017.
- ^ "Entering the Czech Republic, duties, length of stay". Ministry of the Interior of the Czech Republic. 30 November 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ Countries with a visa requirement and visa-free countries, Danish Immigration Service, 8 December 2017.
- ^ "Visa-free travel". Danish Immigration Service. 13 February 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Djibouti eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Egypt eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Equatorial Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ethiopia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
- ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Guinea eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Countries Whose Nationals Do Not Require Visas to Enter Guyana". Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Co-operative Republic of Guyana.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
- ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ e-Visa
- ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
- ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
- ^ "Israel Tourist Visa Table" (PDF).
- ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Jordan E-Services".
- ^ "Visa fee exemption for Malaysians". Embassy of Malaysia, Amman.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kenya eTA".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia
- ^ "K-ETA".
- ^ a b "Entry requirements - South Korea travel advice". GOV.UK. Retrieved 3 December 2021.
Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Kuwait eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Countries whose citizens may enter Latvia without a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia, 9 October 2017.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Libya eVisa".
- ^ Visa, Government of Liechtenstein (in German).
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 30 August 2017.
- ^ Staying in Luxembourg for less than 90 days, Government of Luxembourg.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Who requires a visa?, Identity Malta.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Before you leave, Monaco Government Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visa-free travel to Morocco for Malaysians | The Star".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Mozambique eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Myanmar eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visa Requirements to Enter Nauru". The Government of the Republic of Nauru.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nepal Online Visa".
- ^ Short-stay Schengen visa (90 days or less), Government of the Netherlands.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ a b "Paying the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
Many tourists, people on working holidays, and some students and workers coming to New Zealand must pay an International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) of NZD $35.
- ^ "Information about: Australian Resident Visa". immigration.govt.nz. Immigration New Zealand. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
Australian citizens and permanent residents can visit, work and live in New Zealand. You do not need a visa before you travel to New Zealand.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Nigeria Immigration Services".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Persons who do not need a visa to visit Norway, Norwegian Directorate of Immigration.
- ^ "UDI 2010-080 Bortvisningspraksis for borgere fra stater Norge har inngått bilaterale visumfrihetsavtaler med" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. 28 November 2019.
- ^ "UDI 2010-080V1 Liste over visumfrie borgere som er omfattet" (in Norwegian). Norwegian Directorate of Immigration. 28 November 2019.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Oman eVisa".
- ^ "List of Countries for Visa Prior to Arrival".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "PNG Easy Visitor Permit".
- ^ "General Information for Intending Visitors" (PDF). Papua New Guinea Immigration & Citizenship Service Authority.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Visa-free countries, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland.
- ^ Third countries whose citizens are required to have a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Qatar Hayya".
- ^ Do I need a visa?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Russia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Border formalities, San Marino Tourism Board.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "ST eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Saudi Arabia eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Visa Regime for Entering Serbia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Seychelles Electronic Border System".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ Consular information and travel visa, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Slovakia.
- ^ Visa regimes and visas, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovenia.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "90 DAYS".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "South Sudan eVisa".
- ^ Entry requirements, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Spain.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "SL eVisa".
- ^ Chitre, Manjiri (24 October 2023). "Sri Lanka approves free visa scheme for India, China, Russia; US not on list". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ "Information".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Suriname eVisa".
- ^ "Entry-fee".
- ^ "Suriname eVisa | VFS Global | Official partner of the Government of Suriname".
- ^ List of foreign citizens who require visa for entry into Sweden, Government of Sweden.
- ^ Overview of ID and visa provisions according to nationality, State Secretariat for Migration of Switzerland.
- ^ "Syrian Embassy, Kuala Lumpur".
- ^
Email from Syrian Embassy about free VOA facility for Malaysian citizens - ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ https://www.thaiembassy.com/thailand-visa/thai-visa-exemption-and-bilateral-agreement [bare URL]
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Tourist & Business Visa". Immigration Service of Timor-Leste.
- ^ "Obtaining a Visa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Togo eVisa".
- ^ "Coming to Togo". Togo Tourist Office.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Information Needed for Passengers Departing and Arriving Tonga". Tonga Airports Limited.
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ "Ukraine eVisa".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
- ^ UK visa requirements: list for carriers, Government of the United Kingdom, 2 October 2017.
- ^ Travel without a visa, United States Department of State.
- ^ "Technical Difficulties".
- ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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- ^ Statement of Treaties and International Agreements, p. 12.
- ^ THE IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS 1987
- ^ Aliens (Visa Exemption) (Amendment) Regulations 1993, SRO 10 of 1993
- ^ Nationals exempted from visa to enter Mongolia
- ^ Agreement between the government of the Federative Republic of Brazil and the government of Malaysia regarding partial waiver of visa requirement, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil .
- ^ Malaysian nationals are exempted from visa for 14 days after arriving in Taiwan, mofa.gov.tw (in Chinese)
- ^ https://www.mfed.gov.ki/sites/default/files/DPF-Info.Paper-0-11.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ Presidential Decree No.691-07 (in Spanish)
- ^ Executive Decree No.326 (in Spanish)
- ^ Exemption of Visas for Nationals of Malaysia
- ^ Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, Law No.257 (in Russian)
- ^ The Immigration (Visa) Regulations, 2016
- ^ pp. 9–14
- ^ 45 countries with 30 days visa-free regime, mfa.kz
- ^ Qatar Ends Visa Requirements For 80 Nations,npr.org
- ^ Embassy of Malaysia, Rabat
- ^ Rwanda Directorate General of Immigration and Emigration
- ^ Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, No.DP-5326
- ^ Oman to give visa-free 10-day entry to 103 countries to boost tourism, fm.gov.om
- ^ Tajikistan introduces unilateral visa-free regime for citizens of 52 countries, asiaplustj.info (in Russian)
- ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Suriname
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- ^ "A Pilgrim's Guide to Mount Athos: Planning Your Visit". The Friends of Mount Athos. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
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The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
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African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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African countries that requires Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that requires (sic) vaccination for travellers from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission or transit for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
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Passport valid for travel to the United States – Your passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your period of stay in the United States (unless exempt by country-specific agreements). Each individual who needs a visa must submit a separate application, including any family members listed in your passport.
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Countries whose citizens are allowed to enter Turkey with their expired passports: 1. Germany – Passports expired within the last year / ID's expired within the last year, 2. Belgium - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 3. France - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 4. Spain - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 5. Switzerland - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 6. Luxemburg - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 7. Portugal - Passports expired within the last 5 years, 8. Bulgaria – Valid ordinary passport
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Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
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You're not from an EEA country: you must have a valid passport to enter the UK. It should be valid for the whole of your stay.
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Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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Effective April 27, 2018, border control authorities at all of China's ports of entry, including its airports, will start collecting the fingerprints of all foreign visitors aged between 14 and 70. Diplomatic passport holders and beneficiaries of reciprocal agreements are exempted..
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Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
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Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
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Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
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The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
- Notes