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Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens

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A Malaysian passport

Visa requirements for Malaysian citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Malaysia. As of 7 January 2020, Malaysian citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 178 countries and territories, ranking the Malaysian passport 14th in the world according to the Henley Passport Index, making it the 2nd highest-ranked passport in Southeast Asia after Singapore, the 4th highest-ranked in Asia[1] and the highest-ranked passport in the developing world and among Muslim-majority countries. Malaysia is also a part of ASEAN and has visa-free access to these countries and vice versa.

Although Malaysian passports bear the inscription "This passport is valid for all countries except Israel" and the Malaysian government officially allows travel to Israel for Christian pilgrims only, the travel restrictions imposed by the Malaysian government have no bearing on the Israeli government, which issues visas to Malaysian citizens according to Israeli regulations.

In September 2017, Malaysia announced a ban on all Malaysian citizens from travelling to North Korea, in the wake of strained Malaysia–North Korea relations following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.[2]

Visa requirements map for Malaysian citizens

Countries and territories with visa-free entries or visas on arrival for holders of regular Malaysian passports
  Malaysia
  Visa not required
  Visa obtainable on arrival
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Electronic visa available
  Visa required
  Travel banned by the Malaysian government

Visa requirements

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes
 Afghanistan Visa required[3]
 Albania Visa not required[4] 90 days
 Algeria Visa not required 3 months[5]
 Andorra Visa not required[6]
 Angola Visa required[7]
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required 180 days[8]
 Argentina Visa not required[9] 30 days[10]
 Armenia eVisa / Visa on arrival[11] 120 days
 Australia Electronic Travel Authority[13] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 Austria Visa not required[14] 90 days
 Azerbaijan eVisa / Visa on arrival[15] 30 days
  • Available at airports.[16][17]
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.[18][19]
  • E-Visa fee is US$20 + a US$3 service fee.[20]
 Bahamas Visa not required[21] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival 1 month
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure[22]
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[23] 30 days
  • Fee of USD 51.
 Barbados Visa not required[24] 6 months[25]
 Belarus Visa not required[26] 30 days
 Belgium Visa not required[27] 90 days
 Belize Visa not required[28]
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[29][30] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[31]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[32] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[33] 90 days
 Botswana Visa not required[34] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[35] 90 days
 Brunei Visa not required 30 days[36]
 Bulgaria Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Burundi Visa required[38]
 Burkina Faso Visa required[39]
 Cambodia Visa not required[40] 30 days
 Cameroon Visa required[41]
  • Holders of a pre-arranged approval issued by "Le Delegue General de la Surete" can obtain a visa on arrival.
 Canada Visa required[42]
 Cape Verde Visa on arrival[43]
  • Fee Eur 25.
 Central African Republic Visa required[44]
 Chad Visa required[45]
 Chile Visa not required[46] 30 days
 China Visa required[47]
 Colombia Visa required[48][49][50]
 Comoros Visa on arrival 45 days[51]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[52]
  • Not required for holders of a VIP Invitation Letter.
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[53]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[54] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[55]
  • Must be arriving at Port Bouet Airport and hold an International Certificate of Vaccination.[56]
  • Fee is 73 Euros[57]
 Croatia Visa not required[58] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Cuba Visa not required[59] 90 days
 Cyprus Visa not required[60] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Czech Republic Visa not required[61] 90 days
 Denmark Visa not required[62] 3 months
  • 3 months within the past 6 months, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries (except Iceland)[63]
 Djibouti eVisa[64] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[65] 6 months
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[66] 30 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[67] 90 days
 Egypt Visa not required[68][69] 14 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[70] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[71]
 Eritrea Visa required[72]
 Estonia Visa not required[73] 90 days
 Eswatini Visa not required[74] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[75] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required 4 months[76]
 Finland Visa not required[77] 90 days
 France Visa not required[78] 90 days
 Gabon eVisa[79]
 Gambia Visa not required[80] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[81] 1 year
 Germany Visa not required[82] 90 days
 Ghana Visa required[83]
 Greece Visa not required[84] 90 days
 Grenada Visa not required[85] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[86] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[87] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[88] 90 days
 Guyana Visa not required[89] 60 days[90]
 Haiti Visa not required[91] 3 months
 Honduras Visa not required[92] 3 months
 Hungary Visa not required[93] 90 days
 Iceland Visa not required[94] 90 days
 India e-Visa[95] Up to 5 years
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][96]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[97]
 Indonesia Visa not required[98] 30 days
 Iran Visa not required[99] 15 days
 Iraq Visa required[100]
 Ireland Visa not required[101] 3 months
 Israel Visa required[102] Travel officially restricted by Malaysian government to pilgrims only.

Confirmation from Israeli government is required before a visa is issued.[103]

 Italy Visa not required[104] 90 days
 Jamaica Visa not required[105] 180 days
 Japan Visa not required[106] 90 days
 Jordan Visa on arrival[107] 30 days
  • Single entry only.[108]
  • Exempted from visa fee.[109]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[110] 30 days
 Kenya Visa not required[111] 30 days
 Kiribati Visa not required[112] 120 days
 North Korea Visa not required[113] As of September 2017, due to safety concerns, Malaysian government bans its citizens from visiting North Korea. However, Malaysia has restored diplomatic relations with North Korea in 2020. The embassy of North Korea in Malaysia is reopened and the embassy of Malaysia in North Korea, Pyongyang is also reopened as well.[114]
 South Korea Visa not required[115] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[116] 3 months
  • Fee KWD3.
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure[117]
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[118] 30 days
 Laos Visa not required[119] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[120] 90 days
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[121] 1 month
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport.
  • Must not have Israeli visa or stamp in the passport. Must be in possession of phone number & address to be visited in Lebanon, and a non-refundable onward ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[122] 90 days
 Liberia Visa required[123]
 Libya Visa required[124]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[125] 90 days
 Lithuania Visa not required[126] 90 days
 Luxembourg Visa not required[127] 90 days
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[128] 90 days
 Malawi Visa not required[129] 90 days
 Maldives Free visa on arrival[130] 30 days
  • Must have hotel reservation [131]
 Mali Visa required[132]
 Malta Visa not required[133] 90 days
 Marshall Islands Visa on arrival[134] 90 days
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[135]
 Mauritius Visa not required[136] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[137] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[138] 30 days
 Moldova Visa not required[139] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[140]
 Mongolia Visa not required[141] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[142] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[143][144] 90 days[145]
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[146] 30 days
  • At Beira (BEW), Nampula (APL), Maputo (MPM), Pemba (POL), Tete (TET) and Vilankulo (VNX). Must have onward ticket.
 Myanmar eVisa[147] 28 days
 Namibia Visa not required[148] 3 Months
 Nauru Visa required[149]
  • Application via email to director of immigration office.[150]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[151] 15 days
  • Fee US$25.
 Netherlands Visa not required[152] 90 days
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[153] 90 days
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be obtained alongside Electronic Travel Authority.[154]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[155] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[156]
 Nigeria Visa required[157]
  • Holders of written e-visa approval issued by Immigration Authority Headquarters in Abuja, can obtain a visa on arrival
 North Macedonia Visa not required[158] 30 days
 Norway Visa not required[159] 3 months
  • 3 months within the past 6 months, regardless of previous time spent in other Schengen countries, but including time spent in other Nordic countries[160][161]
 Oman eVisa[162] 30 days
  • Fee OMR20 or USD equivalent.
 Pakistan Electronic Travel Authorization[163]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[164]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[165]
  • Online Visa eligible.[166]
 Palau Free visa on arrival[167] 30 days
 Panama Visa not required[168] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[169] 60 days
  • Must arrive through Port Moresby (POM) or Rabaul (RAB) airports.[170]
 Paraguay Visa required[171]
 Peru Visa not required[172] 183 days
 Philippines Visa not required[173] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[174] 90 days
 Portugal Visa not required[175] 90 days
 Qatar Visa not required[176] 90 days
 Romania Visa not required[177] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Russia Visa required[178]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[179] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[180] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa on arrival[181] 6 weeks
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[182] 1 month
 Samoa Visa not required[183] 60 days
 San Marino Visa not required[184]
 São Tomé and Príncipe eVisa[185]
  • Visa holders issued by USA or a Schengen Member State may enter São Tomé and Príncipe for stay up to a maximum stay of 15 days
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[186][187] 90 days
 Senegal Visa not required[188] 90 days
 Serbia Visa required[189]
  • Valid Schengen, UK, US, Switzerland or EEA Member State Visa holder may enter Serbia without Serbian tourist visa
 Seychelles Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[190] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[191]
 Singapore Visa not required[192] 30 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[193] 90 days
 Slovenia Visa not required[194] 90 days
 Solomon Islands Free Visitor's permit on arrival[195] 3 months
 Somalia Visa on arrival[196] 30 days
 South Africa Visa not required[197] 30 days
 South Sudan Visa required[198]
 Spain Visa not required[199] 90 days
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[200] 30 days
 Sudan Visa on arrival[201] 3 months
 Suriname Visa not required[202] 30 days
  • For single entry stay up to 90 days a tourist card may be obtained online or on arrival.[203]
  • For multiple entries up to 90 days an E-Visa is available.[204]
 Sweden Visa not required[205] 90 days
  Switzerland Visa not required[206] 90 days
 Syria Visa required
  • Disputed:
    • According to the Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic in Malaysia, Malaysian citizens do not require a visa to visit Syria. [207]
    • According to the Law No. 2 of 2014 all visitors require visas prior to arrival.[208][209][210]
    • According to the IATA database, visa may be obtained on arrival and is valid for 15 days.[211]
 Tajikistan eVisa[212] 45 days
  • E-visa holders can enter through all border points. Fee is US$50.[213]
 Tanzania Visa not required[214] 3 months
 Thailand Visa not required[215] 30 days[216]
 Timor-Leste Visa on arrival[217] 30 days[218]
 Togo Visa on arrival[219] 7 days
  • Must have return/onward ticket and 3 passport photos.[220]
 Tonga Free visa on arrival[221] 31 days
  • Must have return/onward ticket.[222]
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[223]
 Tunisia Visa not required[224] 3 months
 Turkey Visa not required[225] 90 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[226][227]
 Tuvalu Visa on arrival[228] 1 month
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[229]
  • E-Visa may be obtained online prior to departure.[230]
 Ukraine eVisa[231] 30 days
 United Arab Emirates Free visa on arrival[232] 30 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[233] 6 months
 United States Visa required[234]
 Uruguay Visa not required[235] 30 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[236] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[237] 30 days
 Vatican City Visa not required[238] 90 days
 Venezuela Visa not required[239] 90 days
 Vietnam Visa not required[240] 30 days
 Yemen Visa on arrival[241] 3 months
 Zambia Visa not required[242] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa not required[243] 3 months

Territories

Visa requirements for Malaysia citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Abkhazia Visa required Electronic form submission and supporting documents submission via email or fax[244]
Mount Athos Special permit required Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[245][246]
Belarus Brest and Grodno, Belarus Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[247]
Entry to / exit from Brest, Zhabinsky, Kamenets, Pruzhansky districts of Brest region, as well as Svisloch district of the Grodno region must be through road checkpoints Brest (Terespol), Domachevo (Slovatici), Peschatka (Polovtsi), the point of a simplified pass Pererov (Bialowieza), railway crossing point Brest-Vostochny (Terespol) & checkpoint Brest airport.
Entry to / exit from territory of special tourist and recreational park Augustow Canal must be through road checkpoints Bruzgi (Forge Belostotskaya) Privalka (Raigardas), point of a simplified check Forestry (Rudavka), Privalka (Svindubre), railway checkpoint Grodno (Kuznica Belostotskaya) & checkpoint Airport Grodno.
Autonomous Republic of Crimea Crimea Visa required Visa issued by Russia is required.[248]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[249][250]
United Nations UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[251] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Faroe Islands Visa not required 90 days[252][253]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[254] 90 days[255]
 Guernsey Visa not required 90 days[256]
 Isle of Man Visa not required 90 days[257]
Norway Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[258][259]
 Jersey Visa not required 90 days[260]
 Kosovo Visa not required 90 days[261]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa on arrival Travellers can obtain the visa on arrival at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs office in Stepanakert upon arrival.[262][263] Holders of a passport containing a Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or any evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[264][265]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[266]
 South Ossetia Visa not required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[267][268]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[269]
Africa
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[270][271]
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[272]
 Mayotte Visa not required 90 days[273][274]
 Réunion Visa not required 90 days[273][274][275]
 Ascension Island eVisa[276][277]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass on arrival 6 months. Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[278]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[279]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara controlled territory.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[280]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Sudan Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[281]
Asia
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
China Hainan Visa on arrival[47] 15 days. Available at Haikou Meilan International Airport and Sanya Phoenix International Airport.
Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (5 or more people)[282]
 Hong Kong Visa not required 3 months[283]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[284][285][286][287][288][289]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[290]
Iran Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[291]
 Macao Visa not required 30 days[292]
Maldives Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[293]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[294] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[295]
 Taiwan Visa not required 30 days[296]
Tajikistan Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OIVR permit required OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[297][298][299]
China Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[300][301][302]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[303][304]
United Nations Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
United Nations UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[305]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[306]
 Aruba Visa not required 90 days[307][308]
 Bermuda Visa not required 6 months.[34]
Netherlands Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required 90 days[309][310]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 6 months, extensions possible[311]
Colombia San Andrés and Leticia[312] Tourist Card on arrival must hold return/onward ticket. Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[49]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 60 days[313]
 Curacao Visa not required 3 months[314]
France French West Indies Visa not required 90 days. French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy.[274][275]
 Greenland Visa not required 90 days[315]
Venezuela Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[316]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months[317][318]
 Puerto Rico Visa required[319] Visa Issued by the United States is required.
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required 90 days[273][274][275]
 Sint Maarten Visa not required 90 days[320][321]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa required Holders of valid visa issued by Canada, United Kingdom or the USA may enter Turks and Caicos Islands for stay up to a maximum of 90 days.[322][323]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa required[324] Visa issued by the United States is required.
South America
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
France French Guiana Visa not required 90 days[325][274][275]
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[326]
Oceania
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 American Samoa Entry permit required Entry Permit required from Office of Attorney General of American Samoa.[327]
Australia Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[328]
France Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[329]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[330]
Fiji Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[331]
 French Polynesia Visa not required 90 days[332][274]
 Guam Visa not required 45 days[333]
 New Caledonia Visa not required 90 days [273][274]
 Niue Visa not required 30 days[334]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required 45 days[333]
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days visa free and landing fee USD35 or tax of USD5 if not going ashore.[335][336][337]
United States United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[338][339][340][341][342][343][344][345]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required 90 days[273]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Visitor to Visa requirement Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Falkland Islands Visa required British Overseas Territory visa is required. Apply at British High Commission[346]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required 60 days before arrival[347]
Antarctica Special permits required Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australia Australian Antarctic Territory, Antártica Chilena Province Chilean Antarctic Territory, Australia Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norway Peter I Island, Norway Queen Maud Land, New Zealand Ross Dependency.[348][349][350][351][352][353][354][355][356][357][358]

APEC Business Travel Card

  Full members of the scheme
  Transitional members (United States, Canada)

Holders of an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) travelling on business do not require a visa to the following countries:[359]

1 – up to 90 days
2 – up to 60 days
3 – up to 59 days

The card must be used in conjunction with a passport and has the following advantages:[360]

  • no need to apply for a visa or entry permit to APEC countries, as the card is treated as such (except by  Canada and  United States)
  • undertake legitimate business in participating economies
  • expedited border crossing in all member economies, including transitional members
  • expedited scheduling of visa interview (United States)

Non-visa restrictions

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Many countries have entry restrictions on foreigners that go beyond the common requirement of having either a valid visa or a visa exemption. Such restrictions may be health related or impose additional documentation requirements on certain classes of people for diplomatic or political purposes.

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[361] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[362] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[363]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[364][365]

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[366][367] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[368]

Some countries, such as Japan,[369] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[370] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[371] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[372] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[373] Philippines,[374] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[375]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[376] and South Africa.

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[377] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record, while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning them from entering the country or expelling them if they have already entered. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[378]

Israeli stamps

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[379] Lebanon,[380] Libya,[381] Syria,[382] and Yemen[383] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[384]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[385][386] Argentina,[387] Brunei, Cambodia,[388] China,[389] Ethiopia,[390] Ghana, Guinea,[391] India, Japan,[392][393] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[394] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[395] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[396] Singapore, South Korea,[397] Taiwan, Thailand,[398] Uganda,[399] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by its own legislation),[400][401][402] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[403]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[404] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[405][406]

See also

References and Notes

References
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  361. ^ Baker, Vicky (20 June 2013). "Passport expiry dates and blank pages: what are the rules?". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 January 2024. The number of remaining blank pages a passport should have is also an issue. Some travellers have reported arriving with one or less than one full page left and waiting for hours at immigration, until an official reluctantly grants them entry. The FCO lists no hard and fast rules because, in many cases, there aren't any.
  362. ^ "Yellow Fever". Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC). African Union. Retrieved 23 August 2021. African countries that requires (sic) Yellow Fever vaccination certificate: Countries that require vaccination for all travellers older that 9 months or 1 year: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameron, Central African Republic, Congo, Côte d'lvoire, DRC, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Niger, Togo.
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  369. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Embassy of Japan in Malaysia. Retrieved 13 January 2024. Q: Do I need at least 6 months passport validity in order to enter Japan? A: Japan does not have any regulations relating to passport validity, so long as your passport will be valid until after you leave Japan.
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  384. ^ Calder, Simon (24 April 2017). "Airline lobbying for a relaxation of draconian rules for London-Auckland travellers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2018. Travellers heading west from the UK to New Zealand may soon be able to avoid the onerous requirement to clear US border control during the refuelling stop at Los Angeles airport (LAX). Unlike almost every other country in the world, the US insists on a full immigration check even for passengers who simply intend to re-board their plane to continue onwards to a foreign destination. Air New Zealand, which flies daily from Heathrow via Los Angeles to Auckland, says there are currently "strict requirements for travellers" in transit at LAX. Through passengers to Auckland on flight NZ1 or Heathrow on NZ2 must apply in advance for an ESTA (online visa) even though they have no intention of staying in the US. They also have to undergo screening by the Transportation Security Administration.
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  394. ^ "Immigration & Visas FAQs". Kenya Airports Authority. Retrieved 6 May 2019. Will visitors still have their digital photo and fingerprints taken at the immigration desk on arrival? Yes, the need to have photos and fingerprints taken upon arrival is to authenticate that the person who applied for the Visa is the same person at the port of entry
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  400. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  401. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  402. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  403. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  404. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
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  406. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
Notes
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