114th United States Congress
114th United States Congress | |
---|---|
113th ← → 115th | |
![]() U.S. Capitol under renovation (Mar. 2016) | |
January 3, 2015 – January 3, 2017 | |
Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 6 non-voting delegates |
Senate majority | Republican |
Senate President | Joe Biden (D) |
House majority | Republican |
House Speaker | John Boehner (R) (until October 29, 2015) Paul Ryan (R) (from October 29, 2015) |
Sessions | |
1st: January 6, 2015[1] – December 18, 2015[2] 2nd: January 4, 2016[2] – TBD |
The One Hundred-Fourteenth United States Congress is the current meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It is scheduled to meet in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015 to January 3, 2017, during the final two years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 247 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929–1931.
Major events
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/President_Obama_delivers_the_State_of_the_Union_address_Jan._20%2C_2015.jpg/220px-President_Obama_delivers_the_State_of_the_Union_address_Jan._20%2C_2015.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Benjamin_netanyahu_congress_speech_2015.jpg/220px-Benjamin_netanyahu_congress_speech_2015.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/John_Kerry%2C_Ernest_Moniz_and_Jack_Lew_defending_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action_%2819759429878%29.jpg/220px-John_Kerry%2C_Ernest_Moniz_and_Jack_Lew_defending_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action_%2819759429878%29.jpg)
- January 6, 2015: Incumbent Speaker of the House John Boehner was re-elected despite the defections of 25 members from his own Republican caucus, twice the number from the previous Congress.[3]
- January 20, 2015: 2015 State of the Union Address
- March 3, 2015: Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu addressed a joint session of Congress regarding sanctions against Iran. Netanyahu was invited by Speaker John Boehner without consulting President Obama.[4][5]
- March 9, 2015: U.S. Senator Tom Cotton wrote and sent a letter to the leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran, signed by 47 of the Senate's 54 Republicans, attempting to cast doubt on the Obama administration's authority to engage in nuclear-proliferation negotiations with Iran.[6]
- March 25, 2015: Afghanistan President Ashraf Ghani addressed a joint session of Congress.[7]
- April 29, 2015: Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe addressed a joint session of Congress,[8][9] becoming the first Japanese leader to do so.[8]
- September 24, 2015: Pope Francis addressed a joint session of Congress[10] becoming the first Pope to do so.
- September 25, 2015: House Speaker John Boehner announced that he would resign as Speaker and from the House at the end of October 2015.[11][12] Subsequently, Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, the presumptive favorite to succeed John Boehner, unexpectedly withdrew his candidacy for the job.[13]
- October 29, 2015: Paul Ryan was elected to succeed John Boehner as Speaker of the House with 236 votes (54.3%) of the House in favor.[14] He is the youngest Speaker since James G. Blaine in 1875.[15]
- January 12, 2016: 2016 State of the Union Address
- June 8, 2016: Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed a joint session of Congress.
- June 22–23, 2016: In the wake of the 2016 Orlando attacks, Congress debated gun control reform.[16] The U.S. House recessed for the July 4 holiday during a sit-in protest held by Democrats that halted business in the chamber for more than 24 hours.
- November 8, 2016 : United States elections, 2016, including United States Senate elections, 2016 and United States House of Representatives elections, 2016.
Scheduled
Major legislation
Enacted
- January 12, 2015: Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–1 (text) (PDF)
- April 16, 2015: Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–10 (text) (PDF)
- May 22, 2015: Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–17 (text) (PDF)
- June 2, 2015: USA FREEDOM Act: Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–23 (text) (PDF)
- June 29, 2015: Trade Preferences Extension Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–27 (text) (PDF)
- July 6, 2015: Department of Homeland Security Interoperable Communications Act, Pub. L. 114–29 (text) (PDF)
- November 5, 2015: Librarian of Congress Succession Modernization Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–86 (text) (PDF)
- November 25, 2015: SPACE Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–90 (text) (PDF)
- December 4, 2015: Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, Pub. L. 114–94 (text) (PDF)
- December 10, 2015: Every Student Succeeds Act, Pub. L. 114–95 (text) (PDF)
- December 18, 2015: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, Pub. L. 114–113 (text) (PDF)
- February 8, 2016: Coast Guard Authorization Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–120 (text) (PDF)
- February 24, 2016: Internet Tax Freedom Act contained in Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015, Pub. L. 114–125 (text) (PDF)
- July 20, 2016: Global Food Security Act of 2016, Pub. L. 114–195 (text) (PDF)
- September 28, 2016: Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act, Pub. L. 114–222 (text) (PDF)
- October 7, 2016: Sexual Assault Survivors’ Rights Act, Pub. L. 114–236 (text) (PDF)
Proposed
Vetoed
- February 24, 2015: Keystone XL Pipeline Approval Act (S. 1)
- March 31, 2015: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the National Labor Relations Board relating to representation case procedures. (S.J.Res. 8)
- October 22, 2015: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (H.R. 1735)
- December 19, 2015: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Standards of Performance for Greenhouse Gas Emissions from New, Modified, and Reconstructed Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units" (S.J.Res. 23)
- December 19, 2015: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of a rule submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency relating to "Carbon Pollution Emission Guidelines for Existing Stationary Sources: Electric Utility Generating Units" (S.J.Res. 24)
- January 8, 2016: The Restoring Americans' Healthcare Freedom Reconciliation Act of 2015 (H.R. 3762)
- January 19, 2016: A joint resolution providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency relating to the definition of “waters of the United States” under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (S.J.Res. 22)
- June 8, 2016: A joint resolution disapproving the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to the definition of the term "Fiduciary" (H.J.Res. 88)
- July 22, 2016: Presidential Allowance Modernization Act of 2016 (H.R. 1777)
- September 23, 2016: Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (S. 2040) (Passed over Veto)
Party summary
- Resignations and new members are discussed in the "Changes in membership" section, below.
Senate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/114th_United_States_Senate.svg/300px-114th_United_States_Senate.svg.png)
Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | style="background-color:Template:Independent Party (United States)/meta/color" | | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | ||||
Democratic | Independent | Republican | ||||
End of previous Congress | 53 | 2 | 45 | 100 | 0 | |
Begin (January 3, 2015) | 44 | 2 | 54 | 100 | 0 | |
Latest voting share | 46% | 54% |
House of Representatives
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/United_States_House_of_Representatives_2015.svg/300px-United_States_House_of_Representatives_2015.svg.png)
Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)
|
Total | Vacant | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background-color:Template:Democratic Party (United States)/meta/color" | | style="background-color:Template:Independent Party (United States)/meta/color" | | style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color" | | |||
Democratic | Independent | Republican | |||
End of previous Congress | 201 | 0 | 234 | 435 | 0 |
Begin (January 3, 2015) | 188 | 0 | 247 | 435 | 0 |
January 5, 2015[note 1] | 0 | 246 | 434 | 1 | |
February 6, 2015[note 2] | 0 | 245 | 433 | 2 | |
March 31, 2015[note 3] | 0 | 244 | 432 | 3 | |
May 5, 2015[note 4] | 0 | 245 | 433 | 2 | |
June 2, 2015[note 5] | 0 | 246 | 434 | 1 | |
September 10, 2015[note 6] | 0 | 247 | 435 | 0 | |
October 31, 2015[note 7] | 0 | 246 | 434 | 1 | |
June 7, 2016[note 8] | 0 | 247 | 435 | 0 | |
June 23, 2016[note 9] | 187 | 0 | 434 | 1 | |
July 20, 2016[note 10] | 186 | 0 | 433 | 2 | |
September 6, 2016[note 11] | 0 | 246 | 432 | 3 | |
November 8, 2016 [note 12] | 188 | 0 | 247 | 435 | 0 |
Latest voting share | 43% | 0% | 57% | ||
Non-voting members | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 0 |
Leadership
Section contents: Senate: Majority (R), Minority (D) • House: Majority (R), Minority (D)
Senate
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/170px-Joe_Biden%2C_official_photo_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg)
Joe Biden (D)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Orrin_Hatch_113th_Congress.jpg/170px-Orrin_Hatch_113th_Congress.jpg)
Orrin Hatch (R)
- President: Joe Biden (D)
- President pro tempore: Orrin Hatch (R)[17]
- President pro tempore emeritus: Patrick Leahy (D)[18]
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Mitch McConnell[19]
- Assistant Majority Leader (Majority Whip): John Cornyn[19]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Mike Crapo
- Deputy Whips: [data missing]
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Harry Reid[20]
- Assistant Minority Leader (Minority Whip): Dick Durbin[20]
- Chief Deputy Whip: Barbara Boxer
- Deputy Whips: [data missing]
Party leaders
Republican
- Conference Chairman: John Thune[19]
- Conference Vice Chair: Roy Blunt[19]
- Senatorial Committee Chair: Roger Wicker
- Policy Committee Chairman: John Barrasso[19]
Democratic
- Caucus Chair: Harry Reid[20]
- Caucus Vice Chair and Policy Committee Chair: Chuck Schumer[20]
- Caucus Secretary: Patty Murray
- Senatorial Campaign Committee Chair: Jon Tester[20]
- Policy Committee Vice Chair: Debbie Stabenow
- Policy Committee Strategic Policy Adviser: Elizabeth Warren[20]
- Policy Committee Policy Development Adviser: Mark Warner
- Steering and Outreach Committee Chair: Amy Klobuchar[20]
- Steering and Outreach Committee Vice Chair: Jeanne Shaheen
House of Representatives
Until October 29, 2015
From October 29, 2015
- Speaker: John Boehner (R), until October 29, 2015
- Paul Ryan (R), from October 29, 2015
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Kevin McCarthy
- Majority Whip: Steve Scalise
- Majority Chief Deputy Whip: Patrick McHenry
- Senior Deputy Whips: Kristi Noem, Dennis Ross, Aaron Schock (until March 31, 2015), Steve Stivers, Ann Wagner
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Nancy Pelosi
- Minority Whip: Steny Hoyer
- Assistant Democratic Leader: Jim Clyburn
- Senior Chief Deputy Minority Whip: John Lewis
- Chief Deputy Minority Whips: G. K. Butterfield, Diana DeGette, Keith Ellison, Jan Schakowsky, Kyrsten Sinema, Debbie Wasserman Schultz, Peter Welch
Party leaders
Republican
- Conference Chair: Cathy McMorris Rodgers
- Conference Vice-Chair: Lynn Jenkins
- Conference Secretary: Virginia Foxx
- Campaign Committee Chairman: Greg Walden
- Policy Committee Chairman: Luke Messer
Democratic
- Caucus Chairman: Xavier Becerra
- Caucus Vice-Chairman: Joe Crowley
- Campaign Committee Chairman: Ben Ray Luján
- Steering and Policy Committee Co-Chairs: Rosa DeLauro (Steering) and Donna Edwards (Policy)
- Organization, Study, and Review Chairman: Karen Bass
- Policy and Communications Chairman: Steve Israel
Members
Senate
Senators are listed by state and then by Senate classes.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
There have been no changes in Senate membership during this Congress.
House of Representatives
Template:Ordinal US Congress Rep
|-
| New York 11th
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Michael Grimm (R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 5, 2015, following a guilty plea on one count of felony tax evasion.[22]
A special election was held May 5, 2015.[23]
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Daniel Donovan (R)
| May 12, 2015
|-
| Mississippi 1st
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Alan Nunnelee (R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died February 6, 2015.[24]
A special election runoff was held June 2, 2015.[25][26]
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Trent Kelly (R)
| June 9, 2015
|-
| Illinois 18th
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Aaron Schock (R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 31, 2015, following a spending scandal.[27][28]
A special election was held September 10, 2015.
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Darin LaHood (R)
| September 17, 2015
|-
| Ohio 8th
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | John Boehner (R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 31, 2015.[29]
A special election was held June 7, 2016.
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Warren Davidson (R)
| June 9, 2016[30]
|-
| Pennsylvania 2nd
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Chaka Fattah (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 23, 2016, following a conviction of corruption charges.[31]
A special election was held November 8, 2016.[32]
| style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Dwight Evans (D)
| November 14, 2016
|-
| Hawaii 1st
| nowrap style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Mark Takai (D)
| style="font-size:80%" | Died July 20, 2016.[33]
A special election was held November 8, 2016.[34]
| style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF" | Colleen Hanabusa (D)
| November 14, 2016
|-
| Kentucky 1st
| nowrap style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | Ed Whitfield (R)
| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September 6, 2016, following an ethics investigation.[35]
A special election was held November 8, 2016.[36]
| style="background-color:#FFB6B6" | James Comer (R)
| November 14, 2016
|}
Committees
[Section contents: Senate, House, Joint ] Listed alphabetically by chamber, including Chairman and Ranking Member.
Senate
House of Representatives
Joint committees
Committee | Chairman | Vice Chairman |
---|---|---|
Joint Economic Committee | Sen. Dan Coats (R-IN) | Rep. Pat Tiberi (R-OH) |
Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies (Special) | Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Rep. Paul Ryan (R-WI) |
Joint Committee on the Library | Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO) | Rep. Gregg Harper (R-MS) |
Joint Committee on Printing | Rep. Gregg Harper (R-MS) | Sen. Roy Blunt (R-MO) |
Joint Committee on Taxation | Rep. Kevin Brady (R-TX) | Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-UT) |
Caucuses
Employees and legislative agency directors
Senate
Source: "Senate Organization Chart for the 114th Congress". Senate.gov. US Senate. Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015. {{cite web}}
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- Chaplain: Barry C. Black
- Parliamentarian: Elizabeth MacDonough
- Secretary: Julie E. Adams
- Sergeant at Arms: Frank J. Larkin
- Secretary for the Majority: Laura Dove
- Secretary for the Minority: Gary B. Myrick
House of Representatives
Source: "Officers and Organizations of the House". House.gov. US House. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
- Chaplain: Patrick J. Conroy
- Chief Administrative Officer: Phil Kiko
- Clerk: Karen L. Haas
- Historian: Matthew Wasniewski
- Parliamentarian: Thomas J. Wickham Jr.
- Sergeant at Arms: Paul D. Irving
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Stephen T. Ayers
- Comptroller General of the United States: Eugene Louis Dodaro
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Douglas Elmendorf[37]
- Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington, until September 30, 2015
- David S. Mao (acting), October 1, 2015 – September 14, 2016
- Carla Diane Hayden, from September 14, 2016
- Public Printer of the United States: Davita Vance-Cooks
See also
- United States elections, 2014 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 2016 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
- List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama
Notes
- ^ Rep. Michael Grimm (R-New York's 11th district) resigned January 5, 2015.
- ^ Rep. Alan Nunnelee (R-Mississippi's 1st district) died February 6, 2015.
- ^ Rep. Aaron Schock (R-Illinois's 18th district) resigned March 31, 2015.
- ^ Rep. Daniel Donovan (R-New York's 11th district) was elected May 5, 2015.
- ^ Rep. Trent Kelly (R-Mississippi's 1st district) was elected June 2, 2015.
- ^ Rep. Darin Lahood (R-Illinois's 18th district) was elected September 10, 2015.
- ^ Rep. John Boehner (R-Ohio's 8th district) resigned October 31, 2015.
- ^ Rep. Warren Davidson (R-Ohio's 8th district) was elected June 7, 2016.
- ^ Rep. Chaka Fattah (D-Pennsylvania's 2nd district) resigned June 23, 2016.
- ^ Rep. Mark Takai (D-Hawaii's 1st district) died July 20, 2016.
- ^ Rep. Ed Whitfield (R-Kentucky's 1st district) resigned September 6, 2016.
- ^ Reps. Dwight Evans (R-Pennsylvania's 2nd district), Colleen Hanabusa (R-Hawaii's 1st district), and James Comer (R-Kentucky's 1st district) were elected November 8, 2016.
- ^ a b Senators King (ME) and Sanders (VT) have no political affiliation but caucus with the Democratic Party.
- ^ Sablan caucuses with the Democratic Party.
- ^ Like many members of the PNP, Pedro Pierluisi affiliates with both the PNP and the Democratic Party.
References
- ^ H.J.Res. 129: "Appointing the day for the convening of the first session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress."
- ^ a b H.Con.Res. 104: "Providing for the sine die adjournment of the first session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress."
- ^ Walsh, Deirdre (January 6, 2015). "Boehner Overcomes Big Opposition to Remain Speaker". CNN. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
- ^ Bradner, Eric (January 25, 2015). "Criticism over Netanyahu visit intensifies". CNN. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
- ^ Lee, Carol; Solomon, Jay (March 3, 2015). "Israel's Netanyahu Urges Congress to Block 'Bad Deal' With Iran". The Wall Street Journal. New York. Retrieved March 3, 2015.
- ^ Baker, Peter (March 9, 2015). "Angry White House and G.O.P. Senators Clash Over Letter to Iran". The New York Times. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
- ^ Riechmann, Deb (March 26, 2015) - "In U.S., Ghani Vows Afghan Self-Reliance". Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Retrieved March 27, 2015. Archived March 30, 2015.
- ^ a b Zengerle, Patricia (March 26, 2015). "Japan PM Abe to Address Joint Session of Congress". Reuters. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
- ^ Mauldin, William (April 29, 2015). "Japan Prime Minister Shinzo Abe Argues for Trade Deal in Speech to Congress". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ Sherman, Jake (February 5, 2015). "Pope will address Congress in September". Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (September 25, 2015). "John Boehner Will Resign From Congress". The New York Times.
- ^ DeBonis, Mike; Kane, Paul (September 25, 2015). "House Speaker John Boehner to Resign at End of October". Washingtonpost.com. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
- ^ "Shock! McCarthy drops Speaker bid". The Hill. October 8, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ Clerk of the US House of Representatives (October 29, 2015). "FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 581". Retrieved May 16, 2016.
- ^ Rebecca Downs. "Paul Ryan elected youngest Speaker of the House since 1875". Red Alert Politics. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ Siegel, Ben (June 23, 2016). "Congress adjourns fight for gun control to July 5th". Yahoo. Politics. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
- ^ S.Res. 3
- ^ S.Res. 6
- ^ a b c d e Lesniewski, Niels; Dennis, Steven (November 13, 2014). "Mitch McConnell Unanimously Elected Majority Leader by GOP". Roll Call. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sanchez, Humberto; Lesniewski, Niels (November 13, 2014). "Harry Reid Unveils New Leadership Team, Strategy". Roll Call. Retrieved February 2, 2015.
- ^ "Caucus Memberships of Gregorio Sablan". House.gov. US House of Representatives. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
- ^ "Boehner Commends Grimm for Announcing Resignation" Roll Call, December 30, 2014.
- ^ "Welcome to New York's Sixth Special Election in Six Years" Roll Call, January 2, 2015.
- ^ "GOP Rep. Nunnelee of Miss. Dies After Brain Cancer, Stroke" ABC News, February 6, 2015.
- ^ Pender, Geoff (February 6, 2015). "Governor will set election after Nunnelee's death". The Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
- ^ Cahn, Emily (May 12, 2015). "Mississippi Special Election Heads to Runoff". Roll Call.
- ^ Bash, Dana; Zeleny, Jeff; Jaffe, Alexandra (March 17, 2015). "Aaron Schock resigns amid scandal". CNN. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
- ^ DeBonis, Mike; Costa, Robert; Kane, Paul (March 17, 2015). "Rep. Aaron Schock announces resignation in wake of spending probe". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
- ^ "Amid revolt, Boehner steps aside to avoid 'irreparable harm' to Congress". Usatoday.com. September 26, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
- ^ "Davidson will be sworn in today". Journal-News. June 9, 2016.
- ^ "Rep. Chaka Fattah resigns after conviction, effective immediately" (Press release). CBS. June 23, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
- ^ Brennan, Chris (July 1, 2016). "Special election for Fattah's former U.S. House seat will be Nov. 8". Philadelphia Media Network. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
- ^ http://www.civilbeat.org/2016/07/us-rep-mark-takai-of-hawaii-dies/
- ^ Dayton, Kevin (August 3, 2016). "Special-election winner will finish Takai's term". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
- ^ "Rep. Whitfield to retire amid ethics probe". TheHill.
- ^ Callais, Krystle (September 6, 2016). "U.S. Congressman Ed Whitfield stepping down". WPSD-TV. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
- ^ Shabad, Rebecca (January 5, 2015). "Budget scorekeeper awaits GOP decision". The Hill. Archived from the original on March 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
{{cite news}}
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- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 114th Congress, 2015 calendar (PDF).
- Senate Session Calendar for the 114th Congress (PDF).
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 114th Congress (PDF).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 114th Congress (PDF).