RAR-related orphan receptor: Difference between revisions

RAR-related orphan receptor B (beta)
RAR-related orphan receptor B (beta)
Identifiers
Symbol	RORB
Alt. symbols	RZRB, NR1F2, ROR-BETA
NCBI gene	6096
HGNC	10259
OMIM	601972
PDB	1NQ7
RefSeq	NM_006914
UniProt	Q92753
Other data
Locus	Chr. 9 q22
Structures
Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

RAR-related orphan receptor A (alpha)
RAR-related orphan receptor A (alpha)
Identifiers
Symbol	RORA
Alt. symbols	RZRA, ROR1, ROR2, ROR3, NR1F1
NCBI gene	6095
HGNC	10258
OMIM	600825
PDB	1N83
RefSeq	NM_002943
UniProt	P35398
Other data
Locus	Chr. 15 q21-q22
Structures
Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

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RAR-related orphan receptor C (gamma)

Identifiers

Symbol

RORC

Alt. symbols

RZRG, RORG, NR1F3, TOR

Other data

Chr. 1 q21

Search for
Structures	Swiss-model
Domains	InterPro

The RAR-related orphan receptors (RORs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors.^[1]^[2] There are three forms of ROR, ROR-α, -β, and -γ and each is encoded by a separate gene RORA, RORB, and RORC respectively). The RORs are somewhat unusual in that they appear to bind as monomers to hormone response elements as opposed to the majority of other nuclear receptors which bind as dimers.^[3]

Ligands

Melatonin has been reported to be the endogenous ligand for ROR-α while CGP 52608 has been identified as a ROR-α selective synthetic ligand.^[4] However X-ray crystallographic (PDB: 1n83 and 1s0x) and functional data both suggest that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative may be the endogenous ligand.^[5]

In contrast, all-trans retinoic acid binds with high affinity to ROR-β and -γ but not ROR-α.^[6]

Function

The three forms of RORs fulfill a number of critical roles^[7] including:

ROR-α - development of the cerebellum and lymph nodes, lipid metabolism, immune response, maintenance of bone
ROR-β - precise role unknown but highly expressed in the brain and retina
ROR-γ - lymph node development and immune response, survival of T helper 17 cells

References

^ Giguère V, Tini M, Flock G, Ong E, Evans RM, Otulakowski G (March 1994). "Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors". Genes & Development. 8 (5): 538–53. doi:10.1101/gad.8.5.538. PMID 7926749.
^ Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM (December 1994). "ROR gamma: the third member of ROR/RZR orphan receptor subfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 205 (3): 1976–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2902. PMID 7811290.
^ Jetten AM, Kurebayashi S, Ueda E (2001). "The ROR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily: critical regulators of multiple biological processes". Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. 69: 205–47. doi:10.1016/S0079-6603(01)69048-2. ISBN 978-0-12-540069-5. PMID 11550795.
^ Wiesenberg I, Missbach M, Kahlen JP, Schräder M, Carlberg C (February 1995). "Transcriptional activation of the nuclear receptor RZR alpha by the pineal gland hormone melatonin and identification of CGP 52608 as a synthetic ligand". Nucleic Acids Research. 23 (3): 327–33. doi:10.1093/nar/23.3.327. PMC 306679. PMID 7885826.
^ Kallen JA, Schlaeppi JM, Bitsch F, Geisse S, Geiser M, Delhon I, Fournier B (December 2002). "X-ray structure of the hRORalpha LBD at 1.63 A: structural and functional data that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative is the natural ligand of RORalpha". Structure. 10 (12): 1697–707. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00912-7. PMID 12467577.
^ Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schüle R (October 2003). "All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta". Nature Structural Biology. 10 (10): 820–5. doi:10.1038/nsb979. PMID 12958591.
^ Jetten AM (December 2004). "Recent advances in the mechanisms of action and physiological functions of the retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs)". Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy. 3 (4): 395–412. doi:10.2174/1568010042634497. PMID 15584888.

External links

RAR-related+orphan+receptor+A at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
RAR-related+orphan+receptor+B at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
RAR-related+orphan+receptor+C at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article about a biochemical receptor is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[pmid7926749-1] Giguère V, Tini M, Flock G, Ong E, Evans RM, Otulakowski G (March 1994). "Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors". Genes & Development. 8 (5): 538–53. doi:10.1101/gad.8.5.538. PMID 7926749.

[pmid7811290-2] Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM (December 1994). "ROR gamma: the third member of ROR/RZR orphan receptor subfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 205 (3): 1976–83. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2902. PMID 7811290.

[pmid11550795-3] Jetten AM, Kurebayashi S, Ueda E (2001). "The ROR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily: critical regulators of multiple biological processes". Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology. 69: 205–47. doi:10.1016/S0079-6603(01)69048-2. ISBN 978-0-12-540069-5. PMID 11550795.

[pmid7885826-4] Wiesenberg I, Missbach M, Kahlen JP, Schräder M, Carlberg C (February 1995). "Transcriptional activation of the nuclear receptor RZR alpha by the pineal gland hormone melatonin and identification of CGP 52608 as a synthetic ligand". Nucleic Acids Research. 23 (3): 327–33. doi:10.1093/nar/23.3.327. PMC 306679. PMID 7885826.

[pmid12467577-5] Kallen JA, Schlaeppi JM, Bitsch F, Geisse S, Geiser M, Delhon I, Fournier B (December 2002). "X-ray structure of the hRORalpha LBD at 1.63 A: structural and functional data that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative is the natural ligand of RORalpha". Structure. 10 (12): 1697–707. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00912-7. PMID 12467577.

[pmid12958591-6] Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schüle R (October 2003). "All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta". Nature Structural Biology. 10 (10): 820–5. doi:10.1038/nsb979. PMID 12958591.

[pmid15584888-7] Jetten AM (December 2004). "Recent advances in the mechanisms of action and physiological functions of the retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs)". Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy. 3 (4): 395–412. doi:10.2174/1568010042634497. PMID 15584888.

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{infobox protein | Name = [[RAR-related orphan receptor gamma|RAR-related orphan receptor C (gamma)]] |caption = | image = | width = | HGNCid = 10260 | Symbol = RORC | AltSymbols = RZRG, RORG, NR1F3, TOR | EntrezGene = 6097 | OMIM = 602943 | RefSeq = NM_005060 | UniProt = P51449 | PDB = | ECnumber = | Chromosome = 1 | Arm = q | Band = 21 | LocusSupplementaryData = }}
-The '''RAR-related orphan receptor'''s (RORs) are members of the [[nuclear receptor]] family of [[intracellular]] [[transcription factor]]s.<ref name="pmid7926749">{{cite journal | vauthors = Giguère V, Tini M, Flock G, Ong E, Evans RM, Otulakowski G | title = Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors | journal = Genes Dev. | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 538–53 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7926749 | doi = 10.1101/gad.8.5.538 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7811290">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM | title = ROR gamma: the third member of ROR/RZR orphan receptor subfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 205 | issue = 3 | pages = 1976–83 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7811290 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2902 }}</ref>  There are three forms of ROR, [[RAR-related orphan receptor alpha|ROR-α]], [[RAR-related orphan receptor beta|-β]], and [[RAR-related orphan receptor gamma|-γ]] and each is encoded by a separate gene RORA, RORB, and RORC respectively).  The RORs are somewhat unusual in that they appear to bind as monomers to [[hormone response element]]s as opposed to the majority of other nuclear receptors which bind as dimers.<ref name="pmid11550795">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jetten AM, Kurebayashi S, Ueda E  | volume = 69 | issue = | pages = 205–47 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550795 | doi = 10.1016/S0079-6603(01)69048-2 | title = The ROR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily: Critical regulators of multiple biological processes | series = Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology | isbn = 978-0-12-540069-5 }}</ref>
+The '''RAR-related orphan receptor'''s (RORs) are members of the [[nuclear receptor]] family of [[intracellular]] [[transcription factor]]s.<ref name="pmid7926749">{{cite journal | vauthors = Giguère V, Tini M, Flock G, Ong E, Evans RM, Otulakowski G | title = Isoform-specific amino-terminal domains dictate DNA-binding properties of ROR alpha, a novel family of orphan hormone nuclear receptors | journal = Genes & Development | volume = 8 | issue = 5 | pages = 538–53 | date = March 1994 | pmid = 7926749 | doi = 10.1101/gad.8.5.538 }}</ref><ref name="pmid7811290">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hirose T, Smith RJ, Jetten AM | title = ROR gamma: the third member of ROR/RZR orphan receptor subfamily that is highly expressed in skeletal muscle | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 205 | issue = 3 | pages = 1976–83 | date = December 1994 | pmid = 7811290 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2902 }}</ref>  There are three forms of ROR, [[RAR-related orphan receptor alpha|ROR-α]], [[RAR-related orphan receptor beta|-β]], and [[RAR-related orphan receptor gamma|-γ]] and each is encoded by a separate gene RORA, RORB, and RORC respectively).  The RORs are somewhat unusual in that they appear to bind as monomers to [[hormone response element]]s as opposed to the majority of other nuclear receptors which bind as dimers.<ref name="pmid11550795">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jetten AM, Kurebayashi S, Ueda E | title = The ROR nuclear orphan receptor subfamily: critical regulators of multiple biological processes | journal = Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology | volume = 69 | issue =  | pages = 205–47 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11550795 | doi = 10.1016/S0079-6603(01)69048-2 | isbn = 978-0-12-540069-5 | series = Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology }}</ref>
 ==Ligands==
-[[Melatonin]] has been reported to be the endogenous [[ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]]  for ROR-α while [[CGP 52608]] has been identified as a ROR-α selective synthetic ligand.<ref name="pmid7885826">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiesenberg I, Missbach M, Kahlen JP, Schräder M, Carlberg C | title = Transcriptional activation of the nuclear receptor RZR alpha by the pineal gland hormone melatonin and identification of CGP 52608 as a synthetic ligand | journal = Nucleic Acids Res. | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 327–33 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7885826 | doi = 10.1093/nar/23.3.327 | pmc = 306679 }}</ref>  However X-ray crystallographic ({{PDB|1n83}} and {{PDB2|1s0x}}) and functional data both suggest that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative may be the endogenous ligand.<ref name="pmid12467577">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kallen JA, Schlaeppi JM, Bitsch F, Geisse S, Geiser M, Delhon I, Fournier B | title = X-ray structure of the hRORalpha LBD at 1.63 A: structural and functional data that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative is the natural ligand of RORalpha | journal = Structure | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | pages = 1697–707 |date=December 2002 | pmid = 12467577 | doi = 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00912-7| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0969212602009127 }}</ref>
+[[Melatonin]] has been reported to be the endogenous [[ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]]  for ROR-α while [[CGP 52608]] has been identified as a ROR-α selective synthetic ligand.<ref name="pmid7885826">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiesenberg I, Missbach M, Kahlen JP, Schräder M, Carlberg C | title = Transcriptional activation of the nuclear receptor RZR alpha by the pineal gland hormone melatonin and identification of CGP 52608 as a synthetic ligand | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 23 | issue = 3 | pages = 327–33 | date = February 1995 | pmid = 7885826 | pmc = 306679 | doi = 10.1093/nar/23.3.327 }}</ref>  However X-ray crystallographic ({{PDB|1n83}} and {{PDB2|1s0x}}) and functional data both suggest that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative may be the endogenous ligand.<ref name="pmid12467577">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kallen JA, Schlaeppi JM, Bitsch F, Geisse S, Geiser M, Delhon I, Fournier B | title = X-ray structure of the hRORalpha LBD at 1.63 A: structural and functional data that cholesterol or a cholesterol derivative is the natural ligand of RORalpha | journal = Structure | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | pages = 1697–707 | date = December 2002 | pmid = 12467577 | doi = 10.1016/S0969-2126(02)00912-7 }}</ref>
-In contrast, [[all-trans retinoic acid]] binds with high affinity to ROR-β and -γ but not ROR-α.<ref name="pmid12958591">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schüle R | title = All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta | journal = Nat. Struct. Biol. | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 820–5 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12958591 | doi = 10.1038/nsb979 }}</ref>
+In contrast, [[all-trans retinoic acid]] binds with high affinity to ROR-β and -γ but not ROR-α.<ref name="pmid12958591">{{cite journal | vauthors = Stehlin-Gaon C, Willmann D, Zeyer D, Sanglier S, Van Dorsselaer A, Renaud JP, Moras D, Schüle R | title = All-trans retinoic acid is a ligand for the orphan nuclear receptor ROR beta | journal = Nature Structural Biology | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 820–5 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 12958591 | doi = 10.1038/nsb979 }}</ref>
-==Function==
+== Function ==
-The three forms of RORs fulfill a number of critical roles<ref name="pmid15584888">{{cite journal | author = Jetten AM | title = Recent advances in the mechanisms of action and physiological functions of the retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) | journal = Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 395–412 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15584888 | doi = 10.2174/1568010042634497| url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cdtia/2004/00000003/00000004/art00007}}</ref> including:
+The three forms of RORs fulfill a number of critical roles<ref name="pmid15584888">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jetten AM | title = Recent advances in the mechanisms of action and physiological functions of the retinoid-related orphan receptors (RORs) | journal = Current Drug Targets. Inflammation and Allergy | volume = 3 | issue = 4 | pages = 395–412 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15584888 | doi = 10.2174/1568010042634497 }}</ref> including:
 * ROR-α - development of the [[cerebellum]] and [[lymph node]]s, [[lipid metabolism]], [[immune response]], maintenance of [[bone]]
 * ROR-β - precise role unknown but highly expressed in the brain and retina
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 == References ==
-{{Reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|33em}}
+== Further reading ==
-==External links==
+{{refbegin|33em}}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Solt LA, Griffin PR, Burris TP | title = Ligand regulation of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors: implications for development of novel therapeutics | journal = Current Opinion in Lipidology | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 204–11 | date = June 2010 | pmid = 20463469 | pmc = 5024716 | doi = 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328338ca18 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Solt LA, Burris TP | title = Action of RORs and their ligands in (patho)physiology | journal = Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 23 | issue = 12 | pages = 619–27 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 22789990 | pmc = 3500583 | doi = 10.1016/j.tem.2012.05.012 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Chang MR, Rosen H, Griffin PR | title = RORs in autoimmune disease | journal = Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology | volume = 378 | issue =  | pages = 171–82 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24728598 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-05879-5_8 }}
+* {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang Y, Luo XY, Wu DH, Xu Y | title = ROR nuclear receptors: structures, related diseases, and drug discovery | journal = Acta Pharmacologica Sinica | volume = 36 | issue = 1 | pages = 71–87 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25500868 | pmc = 4571318 | doi = 10.1038/aps.2014.120 }}
+{{refend}}
+== External links ==
 * {{MeshName|RAR-related+orphan+receptor+A}}
 * {{MeshName|RAR-related+orphan+receptor+B}}
@@ Line 29: / Line 37: @@
 [[Category:Intracellular receptors]]
 [[Category:Transcription factors]]
 {{receptor-stub}}

v t e Receptor/signaling modulators
Amino acids and similar/related	Amino acids and related: GABA receptor modulators GABA_A receptor positive modulators GABA metabolism and transport modulators GHB receptor modulators Glutamate metabolism and transport modulators Glycine receptor modulators Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators Monoamines: Adrenergic receptor modulators Dopamine receptor modulators Histamine receptor modulators Melatonin receptor modulators Monoamine metabolism modulators Monoamine neurotoxins Monoamine releasing agents Monoamine reuptake inhibitors Serotonin receptor modulators hTAAR modulators Acetylcholine: Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators Others: Imidazoline receptor modulators Purine receptor modulators Sigma receptor modulators Thyroid hormone receptor modulators
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Others and non-receptor	Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 modulators Histone deacetylase inhibitors Phosphodiesterase inhibitors Ion channels: Ion channel modulators TRP channel modulators Transporters: Sodium-glucose transporter modulators Symporter inhibitors Others: Nitric oxide signaling modulators