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Cendol

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"Chendol" redirects here. For the fish genus, see Chendol (fish).
Cendol
Bowls of cendol
Alternative names
  • Es Cendol (West Java, Indonesia)
  • Dawet (Central and East Java, Indonesia)
  • Lot Chong (Thailand)
  • Bánh Lọt (Vietnam)
  • ລອດຊ່ອງ-Lot Song (Laos)
  • Mont Let Saung (Burma)
  • Chendol (Singapore)
TypeDessert
Place of originSoutheast Asia
Associated cuisineBrunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, East Timor, Vietnam
Main ingredientsCoconut milk, rice flour jelly with pandan leaves juice, shaved ice, palm sugar

Cendol /ˈtʃɛndɒl/ is an iced sweet dessert that contains droplets of green rice flour jelly,[1] coconut milk and palm sugar syrup.[2] It is commonly found in Southeast Asia and is popular in Indonesia,[3] Malaysia,[4] Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, and Myanmar. Next to the green jelly, additional toppings might be added, including diced jackfruit, sweetened red azuki beans,[5] or durian.[6]

Etymology

A glass of "basic" street-side cendol.

The word "chendol" was first mentioned in 1932 as one of the foodstuffs available in Kuala Lumpur as recorded in the Malay Concordance Project that collects Malay writings.[7][8] There is a popular belief that the name "cendol" is related to, or originated from, the word jendol, in reference to the swollen green worm-like rice flour jelly;[8] in Javanese, Sundanese, Indonesian, and Malay, jendol means "bump," "bulge,"[9] or "swollen."[10] In most parts of Indonesia, cendol refer to the green rice flour jelly; while the concoction of that green rice flour jellies with coconut milk, shaved ice, areca palm sugar and sometimes diced jackfruit is called es cendol (in West Java) or dawet (in Central and East Java).[11]

The Indonesian dictionary describes cendol as a snack made from rice flour and other ingredients that are formed by filters, then mixed with palm sugar and coconut milk (for beverage).[12] The Malay dictionary Kamus Dewan similarly defines it as a porridge-like drink with long strands made of rice flour in coconut milk and sugar syrup.[13]

In Vietnam, this worm-like rice flour concoction is called bánh lọt or "fall through cake". Bánh lọt is a common ingredient in a Vietnamese dessert drink called chè, or more commonly chè ba màu. In Thailand it is called lot chong (Template:Lang-th, pronounced [lɔ̂ːt t͡ɕʰɔ̂ŋ]) which can be translated as "gone through a hole", indicating the way it is made by pressing the warm dough through a sieve into a container of cold water.[14] In Burma, it is known as mont let saung or Template:My. In Cambodia, it is known as lot (លត /lɔːt/), bang-aem lot (បង្អែមលត /bɑŋʔaɛm lɔːt/), nom lot (នំលត /nɷm lɔːt/), and banh lot (បាញ់លត /baɲ lɔːt/).[citation needed]

History

A dawet seller with his jars of ingredients, at a market in Malang, East Java (ca.1935)

The origin of cendol is not clear, and this sweet drink is widely spread across Southeast Asia. However, one suggestion is that cendol originated in Java, Indonesia as dawet.[15] The Javanese name of "dawet" was recorded in early 19th century Javanese manuscript of Serat Centhini, composed between 1814 and 1823 in Surakarta, Central Java.[16] An Indonesian academic suggests that a dawet sweet drink may have been recorded in the Kresnayana manuscript, dated from Kediri Kingdom circa 12th century Java.[17] In Java, dawet refer to the whole concoction of cendol green jellies, usually made from aren sagoo or rice flour, coconut milk and liquid gula jawa (palm sugar syrup).[18] An Indonesian historian argues that sagoo or rice flour might have been used as sweet beverage ingredient in the rice agriculture society of ancient Java. Indeed, cendol jellies and its variations are rural agricultural product, still traditionally produced in Javanese villages.[15] In Banjarnegara, Central Java, dawet is traditionally served without ice. Today, however additional ice cubes or shaved ice is commonly added into this dessert drink.[19]

Cendol, however, has developed differently in different countries. In Indonesia, cendol only refers to the green "pandan jelly served in coconut milk", where sometimes pandanus leaves or pieces of jackfruit may be added.[11][20] This is different to the cendol in Malaysia and Singapore where various ingredients such as sweetened red beans and sweet corn may be mixed in like an es campur.[11]

Cendol is typically served with ice, and this may have developed when ice became readily available. It may have originated in Malayan port cities such as Malacca and Penang where British refrigerated ships' technology would provide the required ice.[21]

In Javanese tradition, dawet or cendol is a part of traditional Javanese wedding ceremony. The dodol dawet (Javanese for "selling dawet") is performed during Midodareni ceremony, a day before the wedding. After the siraman bridal shower, the parents would sell dawet to the attending guests and relatives. The guest paid the dawet using terracotta coins that would be given to the bride as a symbol of family earnings. The symbolic meaning was as the parents' hope that the tomorrow wedding would be attended by a lot of guests, "as plenty as the cendol jellies that being sold."[22] In Dutch East Indies Java, dawet street hawkers using pikulan (baskets carried with balancing rod) are commonly found in Javanese cities, as can be seen in the old photograph dated from circa 1935.

In Indonesia five traditions of cendol making has been recognised as the intangible cultural heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. Three dawet (Javanese version of cendol) traditions has been recognised in 2010 and 2018, all registered under Yogyakarta province. They are dawet,[23] dawet camcau,[24] and dawet sambel.[25] Es cendol was recognized in 2016 registered under West Java province,[26] while cendol was recognized in 2020 registered under Riau Islands province.[27] Cendol has been declared a Malaysian heritage food by the Malaysian Department of National Heritage.[28]

Ingredients

Jars of roadside es cendol ingredients on display, from left to right: coconut milk, black grass jelly, tapai, plain cendol, liquid palm sugar, and cendol in coconut milk.

The ingredients of cendol relies heavily on aren (sugar palm) and coconut plants.[29] The dessert's original or basic ingredients are coconut milk, jelly noodles made from rice flour with green food colouring (usually derived from the pandan leaf), shaved ice, and palm sugar. The cendol in Indonesia is usually served in a tall glass, assembled with liquid gula jawa or palm sugar syrup in the bottom, followed by green jellies, poured with coconut milk, and topped with shaved ice.[11]

The Singaporean and Malaysian versions usually have sweetened red beans added, and are served in a bowl instead of a glass. The palm sugar, often added as a dark syrup, is referred to as gula melaka.[5]

In Sunda, Indonesia, cendol is a dark-green pulpy dish of rice (or sago) flour worms with coconut milk and syrup of areca sugar. In Javanese, cendol refers to the green jelly-like part of the beverage, while the combination of cendol, palm sugar and coconut milk is called dawet. Today, the green cendol jelly noodles are mainly made from rice flour, since rice is more readily available. However, in Java, a traditional cendol worm-like jelly noodles was made from sagu aren, or sago starch extracted from the trunk of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata).[29]

In Indonesia, additional ingredients might include tapai (fermented sweet cassava), black grass jelly, and sweetened condensed milk. In Indonesia and Thailand, cendol usually served in tall glass, in Malaysia and Singapore however, they usually served in a bowl.[citation needed] To make cendol chewy and not hard, the mixture must contain sago flour and rice flour in the right composition. [30]

In Myanmar, mont let saung has 2 primary forms, htannyet mont let saung (ထန်းလျက်မုန့်လက်ဆောင်း), which is served in a caramel-coloured jaggery syrup, and onno mont let saung (အုန်းနို့မုန့်လက်ဆောင်း), which is served with coconut milk.[31] The snack is an iconic snack during Thingyan (Burmese New Year), where it is commonly served by satuditha donors to revellers.[31] Vietnamese chè ba màu adds white black-eyed peas and red azuki beans together with green jellies. Thai lot chong is closer to the Javanese original, only consisting of green worm-like jellies, coconut milk, liquid palm sugar, and shaved ice.[citation needed]

  • Cendol in Indonesia refer to the green jellies
    Cendol in Indonesia refer to the green jellies
  • A glass of Jakarta street-side es cendol
    A glass of Jakarta street-side es cendol
  • A glass of simpler Thai lot chong
    A glass of simpler Thai lot chong
  • Vietnamese chè ba màu with beans
    Vietnamese chè ba màu with beans
  • Chendol in Malaysia with red beans
    Chendol in Malaysia with red beans
  • A bowl of chendol sold in Singapore
    A bowl of chendol sold in Singapore

Variants

Cendol with durian in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the most famous variant is Javanese es dawet ayu from Banjarnegara, Central Java.[29]: 16  Another variant is a black cendol called es dawet ireng from Purworejo, Central Java. Ireng is Javanese word for "black". Instead of green pandan leaf, this black cendol acquired its colour from merang or the ash of burned rice stalk mixed with water.[29]

Other than basic ingredients of green jelly noodles, palm sugar syrup, and coconut milk; iced cendol might be served with additional toppings. Additional topping includes diced jackfruit, tapai (fermented sweet cassava), durian flesh, and chocolate condensed milk are popular in Indonesia.[6] While in Malaysia, additional topping such as red beans, glutinous rice, grass jelly, creamed corn, durian, glutinous rice tapai and even ice cream might also be included.[32]

The influence of Singapore and the West has given rise to different variations of cendol, such as cendol with vanilla ice-cream or topped with durian.[33] Another recent variant in Indonesia is cendol latte, which is a mix between cendol and coffee latte.[34]

Selling

Cendol has become a quintessential part of cuisine in Southeast Asia and is often sold by vendors at roadsides, hawker centres, and food courts.[35] Cendol vendors are almost ubiquitous in Indonesian cities, especially Jakarta, Bandung, and Yogyakarta. Originally cendol or dawet in Java was served without ice, but after the introduction of refrigeration technology, the cold cendol with shaved ice (es serut) was available and widely popular.

In Indonesia and Malaysia, cendol is commonly sold on the roadside by vendors. It is even dessert fare in Singapore, found in dessert stalls, food centres, coffee shops, and food courts.[35]

In colloquial Indonesian, the term "cendol" has become an online rating system[clarification needed] originated from Indonesian internet forum KASKUS, which its user accounts rating system represented as green "cendol" for positive and red "bata" (brick) for negative. If an online items tweaks interest[clarification needed], a user punch[clarification needed] in one or more green commas resembling a cendol.[9]

In December 2018, cendol became embroiled in a controversy after CNN listed the Singapore version as one of world's top 50 desserts triggering a furious response from Malaysians.[36][37][38]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jane Freiman (19 May 1986). "Underground Gourmet: Sampling Indonesia". New York. p. 119.
  2. ^ Witton, Patrick (2002). Indonesia, Lonely planet: World food. Lonely Planet. p. 141. ISBN 9781740590099.
  3. ^ "Recipe: Es cendol". Belindo. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  4. ^ "Shaving the Ice, Cutting the Heat".
  5. ^ a b Brunton, John (28 May 2017). "Nice ice: A traditional take on Malaysia's favourite dessert". The Guardian.
  6. ^ a b "Es Cendol Durian". Femina (in Indonesian).
  7. ^ "Pekan Hari Ahad Di Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur". Malay Concordance Project (in Malay). Archived from the original on 18 May 2013.
  8. ^ a b "Cendol". ifood.TV. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
  9. ^ a b Christopher Torchia; Lely Djuhari (2012). Indonesian Slang: Colloquial Indonesian at Work. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462910571.
  10. ^ Google translate, jendol
  11. ^ a b c d Jessicha Valentina (4 December 2018). "Don't panic: Indonesian 'cendol' different from Singaporean 'cendol'". The Jakarta Post.
  12. ^ "Cendol" (in Indonesian). KBBI.
  13. ^ "cendol". Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
  14. ^ "Lod Chong Recipe". Thaifoodmaster.com.
  15. ^ a b Media, Kompas Cyber (4 October 2017). "Dari Manakah Cendol Berasal?". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  16. ^ "Kuliner Tempo Dulu Versi Serat Centhini". Serat Centhini (in Indonesian). 19 November 2009. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  17. ^ "14 Makanan dan Minuman yang Sudah Ada Zaman Jawa Kuno (Bagian 2)". Ullen Sentalu (in Indonesian). 19 April 2016. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  18. ^ Pringgoharjono, Kestity (2006). The Centhini Story: The Javanese Journey of Life : Based on the Original Serat Centhini. Marshall Cavendish. ISBN 9789812329752.
  19. ^ "Resep Dawet Ayu". Zona Makan (in Indonesian).
  20. ^ Post, The Jakarta. "Ramadhan recipe: The Dharmawangsa Jakarta's 'es dawet'". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  21. ^ Anita Isalska (1 March 2018). The World's Best Bowl Food: Where to find it and how to make it. Lonely Planet Food. ISBN 9781787019218.
  22. ^ "Rumitnya Upacara Adat Pernikahan Solo". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). 23 May 2011.
  23. ^ "Dawet". Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesi. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  24. ^ "Dawet Camcau". Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesi. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  25. ^ "Dawet Sambel". Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesi. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  26. ^ "Es Cendol". Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  27. ^ "Cendol". Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  28. ^ "Malaysian Intangible Heritage Objects". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015.
  29. ^ a b c d Rian Yulianto W. Minuman Tradisional Indonesia (in Indonesian). Gulajava Ministudio. pp. 16, 21.
  30. ^ "Spesial Saji-Sedap, Tips Bikin Cendol yang Kenyal dan Tidak Lembek Ala Pedagang! Pasti Berhasil - Semua Halaman - Sajian Sedap". sajiansedap.grid.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  31. ^ a b "မုန့်လက်ဆောင်း". Yangon Life. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
  32. ^ Penang Food | Cendol | The Best Penang Hawker Food and Restaurant Guide Archived 29 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ VisitSingapore.com – Chendol
  34. ^ "Resep Cendol Latte". Coffeeland (in Indonesian). 16 October 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  35. ^ a b My Asian Kitchen: Cendol
  36. ^ "50 of the world's best desserts". Jen Rose Smith. CNN. 1 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  37. ^ "CNN Lists Cendol in World's Top 50 Best Desserts But Says It's From Singapore". Pui Fun. WORLD OF BUZZ. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  38. ^ "CNN says Cendol is from Singapore. Obviously, we Malaysians are pissed!". Amin Ashaari. SoyaCincau.com. 3 December 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
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