List of state leaders in the 21st century

See also: List of governors of dependent territories in the 21st century

State leaders in the 20th century – Current state leaders – State leaders by year

This is a list of the leaders of autonomous states in the 21st century (2001–present) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

These polities are generally sovereign states, including states with limited recognition (when recognised by at least one UN member state), but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 21st century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

• Angola

• Presidents (complete list) –

• José Eduardo dos Santos, President (1992–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime minister (1992, 1996–1999, 2002–2008)
• Paulo Kassoma, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• post currently abolished

• Cameroon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Paul Biya, President (1982–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime minister (1996–2004)
• Ephraïm Inoni, Prime minister (2004–2009)
• Philémon Yang, Prime minister (2009–present)

• Central African Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ange-Félix Patassé, President (1993–2003)
• François Bozizé, President (2003–2013)
• Michel Djotodia

• President (2013)
• Transitional Head of State (2013–2014)

• Alexandre-Ferdinand Nguendet, Acting President (2014)
• Catherine Samba-Panza, Transitional Head of State (2014–2016)
• Faustin-Archange Touadéra, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Anicet-Georges Dologuélé, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Martin Ziguélé, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Abel Goumba, Prime minister (2003)
• Célestin Gaombalet, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Élie Doté, Prime minister (2005–2008)
• Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Nicolas Tiangaye, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• André Nzapayeké, Interim Prime minister (2014)
• Mahamat Kamoun, Interim Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Simplice Sarandji, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Chad

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Idriss Déby, President (1990–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Haroun Kabadi, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Moussa Faki, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Pascal Yoadimnadji, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Adoum Younousmi, Acting Prime minister (2007)
• Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Youssouf Saleh Abbas, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Emmanuel Nadingar, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Djimrangar Dadnadji, Prime minister (2013)
• Kalzeubet Pahimi Deubet, Prime minister (2013–2016)
• Albert Pahimi Padacké, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President (1997–2001)
• Joseph Kabila, President (2001–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Antoine Gizenga, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Adolphe Muzito, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Louis Alphonse Koyagialo, Acting, Prime minister (2012)
• Augustin Matata Ponyo, Prime minister (2012–present)

• Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Denis Sassou Nguesso, President (1997–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Isidore Mvouba, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Clément Mouamba, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Equatorial Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime minister (1996–2001)
• Cándido Muatetema Rivas, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Miguel Abia Biteo Boricó, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Ignacio Milam Tang, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Vicente Ehate Tomi, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Francisco Pascual Obama Asue, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Gabon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Omar Bongo, President (1967–2009)
• Didjob Divungi Di Ndinge, Acting President (2009)
• Rose Francine Rogombé, Acting President (2009)
• Ali Bongo Ondimba, President (2009–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime minister (1999–2006)
• Jean Eyeghé Ndong, Prime minister (2006–2009)
• Paul Biyoghé Mba, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Raymond Ndong Sima, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Daniel Ona Ondo, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet, Prime minister (2016–present)

• São Tomé and Príncipe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Miguel Trovoada, President (1991–2001)
• Fradique de Menezes, President (2001–2003)
• Fernando Pereira, Acting President (2003)
• Fradique de Menezes, President (2003–2011)
• Manuel Pinto da Costa, President (2011–2016)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Evaristo Carvalho, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Gabriel Costa, Prime minister (2002)
• Maria das Neves, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Damião Vaz d'Almeida, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Maria do Carmo Silveira, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Tomé Vera Cruz, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2008)
• Joaquim Rafael Branco, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Gabriel Costa, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Patrice Trovoada, Prime minister (2014–present)

Africa: East

• Burundi (complete list) –

• Pierre Buyoya, President (1996–2003)
• Domitien Ndayizeye, President (2003–2005)
• Pierre Nkurunziza, President (2005–present)

• Comoros

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Azali Assoumani, President (1999–2001)
• Hamada Madi, Acting President (2001)
• Azali Assoumani, President (2001–2006)
• Ahmed Abdallah Mohamed Sambi, President (2006–2011)
• Ikililou Dhoinine, President (2011–2016)
• Azali Assoumani, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister (1999–2000)
• Hamada Madi, Prime minister (2000–2002)

post currently abolished

• Djibouti

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime minister (1978–2001)
• Dileita Mohamed Dileita, Prime minister (2001–2013)
• Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Eritrea (complete list) –

• Isaias Afwerki, President (1993–present)

• Ethiopia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Negasso Gidada, President (1995–2001)
• Girma Wolde-Giorgis, President (2001–2013)
• Mulatu Teshome, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Meles Zenawi, Prime minister (1995–2012)
• Hailemariam Desalegn, Prime minister (2012–present)

• Kenya

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Daniel arap Moi, President (1978–2002)
• Mwai Kibaki, President (2002–2013)
• Uhuru Kenyatta, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Raila Odinga, Prime minister (2008–2013)

post currently abolished

• Madagascar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Didier Ratsiraka, President (1997–2002)
• Marc Ravalomanana, President (2002–2009)
• Andry Rajoelina, President of the High Transitional Authority (2009–2014)
• Hery Rajaonarimampianina, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime minister (1998–2002)
• Jacques Sylla, Prime minister (2002–2007)
• Charles Rabemananjara, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Monja Roindefo, Prime minister (2009)
• Eugène Mangalaza, Prime minister (2009)
• Cécile Manorohanta, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Albert Camille Vital, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Omer Beriziky, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Roger Kolo, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Jean Ravelonarivo, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Mauritius

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Cassam Uteem, President (1992–2002)
• Angidi Chettiar, Acting President (2002)
• Ariranga Pillay, Acting President (2002)
• Karl Offmann, President (2002–2003)
• Raouf Bundhun, Acting President (2003)
• Anerood Jugnauth, President (2003–2012)
• Monique Ohsan Bellepeau, Acting President (2012)
• Kailash Purryag, President (2012–2015)
• Monique Ohsan Bellepeau, Acting President (2015)
• Ameenah Gurib, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (1995–2000)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Paul Bérenger, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Navin Ramgoolam, Prime minister (2005–2014)
• Anerood Jugnauth, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Pravind Jugnauth, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Rwanda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Paul Kagame, President (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bernard Makuza, Prime minister (2000–2011)
• Pierre Habumuremyi, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Anastase Murekezi, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Seychelles (complete list) –

• France-Albert René, President (1977–2004)
• James Michel, President (2004–2016)
• Danny Faure, President (2016–present)

• Transitional National Government of the Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdiqasim Salad Hassan, President (2000–2004)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Khalif Galaydh, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Osman Jama Ali, Prime minister (2001)
• Hassan Abshir Farah, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Muhammad Abdi Yusuf, Prime minister (2003–2004)

• Transitional Federal Government of the Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President (2004–2008)
• Adan Mohamed Nuur Madobe, Acting President (2008–2009)
• Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, President (2009–2012)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Mohammed Ghedi, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Salim Aliyow Ibrow, Prime minister (2007)
• Nur Hassan Hussein, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Abdiwahid Elmi Gonjeh, Acting Prime minister (2010)
• Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, Prime minister (2010–2011)

• Federal Republic of Somalia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Muse Hassan Sheikh Sayid Abdulle, Acting President (2012)
• Mohamed Osman Jawari, Acting President (2012)
• Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President (2012–2017)
• Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdiweli Mohamed Ali, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Abdi Farah Shirdon, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Abdiweli Sheikh Ahmed, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Hassan Ali Khayre, Prime minister (2017–present)

• South Sudan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Salva Kiir Mayardit, President (2011–present)

• Tanzania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Benjamin Mkapa, President (1995–2005)
• Jakaya Kikwete, President (2005–2015)
• John Magufuli, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Frederick Sumaye, Prime minister (1995–2005)
• Edward Lowassa, Prime minister (2005–2008)
• Mizengo Pinda, Prime minister (2008–2015)
• Kassim Majaliwa, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Uganda

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Yoweri Museveni, President (1986–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Apolo Nsibambi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
• Amama Mbabazi, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Ruhakana Rugunda, Prime minister (2014–present)

Africa: Northcentral

• Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Muammar Gaddafi,

• Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)
• Secretary General of the General People's Congress (1977–1979)
• Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011)

• Muhammad az-Zanati, Secretary-General (1992–2008)
• Miftah Muhammed K'eba, Secretary-General (2008–2009)
• Imbarek Shamekh, Secretary-General (2009–2010)
• Mohamed Abu al-Qasim al-Zwai, Secretary-General (2010–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, Prime minister (1997–2000)
• Imbarek Shamekh, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Shukri Ghanem, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Baghdadi Mahmudi, Prime minister (2006–2011)

• National Transitional Council of Libya

• Head of state (complete list) –

• Mustafa Abdul Jalil, Chairman of the National Transitional Council (2011–2012)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmoud Jibril, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Ali Tarhouni, Interim Prime minister (2011)
• Abdurrahim El-Keib, Prime minister (2011–2012)

• State of Libya

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Mohammed Ali Salim, Acting President (2012)
• Mohammed Magariaf, President (2012–2013)
• Giuma Ahmed Atigha, Acting President (2013)
• Nouri Abusahmain

• President of the General National Congress of Libya (2013–2014)
• Contesting Chairman of the 2014 General National Congress of Libya (2014–2016)

• Abu Bakr Baira, Acting President of the House of Representatives (2014)
• Aguila Saleh Issa, contesting President of the House of Representatives (2014–present)
• Presidential Council, Chairman: Fayez al-Sarraj (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdurrahim El-Keib, Prime minister (2012)
• Ali Zeidan, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Abdullah al-Thani, Prime minister in rebellion (2014–present)
• Fayez al-Sarraj, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Tunisia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President (1987–2011)
• Fouad Mebazaa, Acting President (2011)
• Moncef Marzouki, President (2011–2014)
• Beji Caid Essebsi, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime minister (1999–2011)
• Beji Caid Essebsi, Prime minister (2011)
• Hamadi Jebali, Head of government (2011–2013)
• Ali Laarayedh, Head of government (2013–2014)
• Mehdi Jomaa, Head of government (2014–2015)
• Habib Essid, Head of government (2015–2016)
• Youssef Chahed, Head of government (2016–present)

Africa: Northeast

• Egypt

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hosni Mubarak, President (1981–2011)
• Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, Interim Head of state (2011–2012)
• Mohamed Morsi, President (2012–2013)
• Adly Mansour, Interim President (2013–2014)
• Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Atef Ebeid, Prime minister (1999–2004)
• Ahmed Nazif, Prime minister (2004–2011)
• Ahmed Shafik, Prime minister (2011)
• Essam Sharaf, Prime minister (2011)
• Kamal Ganzouri, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Hesham Qandil, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Hazem Al Beblawi, Acting Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Ibrahim Mahlab, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Sherif Ismail, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Sudan

• Presidents (complete list)

• Omar al-Bashir, President (1989–present)

• Prime Minister (complete list)

• Bakri Hassan Saleh, Prime Minister (2017–present)

Africa: Northwest

• Algeria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Benflis, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Abdelaziz Belkhadem, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Abdelmalek Sellal, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Youcef Yousfi, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Abdelmalek Sellal, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Morocco

• Alaouite dynasty (complete list) –

• Mohammed VI, King (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime minister (1998–2002)
• Driss Jettou, Prime minister (2002–2007)
• Abbas El Fassi, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Abdelilah Benkirane, Prime minister (2011–2017)
• Saadeddine Othmani, Prime minister (2017-present)

• Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, has limited recognition: Morocco claims Western Sahara

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohamed Abdelaziz, President (1976–2016)
• Khatri Addouh, Acting President (2016)
• Brahim Ghali, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime minister (1999–2003)
• Abdelkader Taleb Omar, Prime minister (2003–present)

Africa: South

• Botswana (complete list) –

• Festus Mogae, President (1998–2008)
• Ian Khama, President (2008–present)

• Lesotho

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Letsie III, King (1990–1995, 1996–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (1998–2012)
• Tom Thabane, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Malawi (complete list) –

• Bakili Muluzi, President (1994–2004)
• Bingu wa Mutharika, President (2004–2012)
• Joyce Banda, President (2012–2014)
• Peter Mutharika, President (2014–present)

• Mozambique

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joaquim Chissano, President (1990–2005)
• Armando Guebuza, President (2005–2015)
• Filipe Nyusi, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime minister (1994–2004)
• Luisa Diogo, Prime minister (2004–2010)
• Aires Ali, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Alberto Vaquina, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Carlos Agostinho do Rosário, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Namibia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Sam Nujoma, President (1990–2005)
• Hifikepunye Pohamba, President (2005–2015)
• Hage Geingob, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hage Geingob, Prime minister (1990–2002)
• Theo-Ben Gurirab, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Nahas Angula, Prime minister (2005–2012)
• Hage Geingob, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Saara Kuugongelwa, Prime minister (2015–present)

• South Africa (complete list) –

• Thabo Mbeki, President (1999–2008)
• Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri, Acting President (2008)
• Kgalema Motlanthe, President (2008–2009)
• Jacob Zuma, President (2009–present)

• Swaziland

• Kings (complete list) –

• Mswati III, King (1986–present)

• tiNdlovukati (complete list) –

• Ntfombi, Queen Regent (1983–1986), Ndlovukati (1983–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (1996–2003)
• Paul Shabangu, Acting Prime minister (2003)
• Themba Dlamini, Prime minister (2003–2008)
• Bheki Dlamini, Acting Prime minister (2008)
• Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime minister (2008–present)

• Zambia (complete list) –

• Frederick Chiluba, President (1991–2002)
• Levy Mwanawasa, President (2002–2008)
• Rupiah Banda, President (2008–2011)
• Michael Sata, President (2011–2014)
• Guy Scott, Interim President (2014–2015)
• Edgar Lungu, President (2015–present)

• Zimbabwe

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Robert Mugabe, President (1987–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Morgan Tsvangirai, Prime minister (2009–2013)

post currently abolished

Africa: West

• Benin

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mathieu Kérékou, President (1996–2006)
• Thomas Boni Yayi, President (2006–2016)
• Patrice Talon, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pascal Koupaki, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Lionel Zinsou, Prime minister (2015–2016)

post currently abolished

• Burkina Faso

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Blaise Compaoré, President (1987–2014)
• Yacouba Isaac Zida, Transitional President (2014)
• Michel Kafando, Transitional President (2014–2015)
• Gilbert Diendéré, Chairman of the National Council for Democracy (2015)
• Chérif Sy, Acting President (2015)
• Michel Kafando, Transitional President (2015)
• Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime minister (1996–2000)
• Paramanga Ernest Yonli, Prime minister (2000–2007)
• Tertius Zongo, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Luc-Adolphe Tiao, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Yacouba Isaac Zida, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Paul Kaba Thieba, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Cape Verde

• Presidents (complete list) –

• António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President (1991–2001)
• Pedro Pires, President (2001–2011)
• Jorge Carlos Fonseca, President (2011–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Gualberto do Rosário, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• José Maria Neves, Prime minister (2001–2016)
• Ulisses Correia e Silva, Prime minister (2016–present)

• The Gambia (complete list) –

• Yahya Jammeh, Chairman of the Armed Forces Provisional Ruling Council (1994–1996), President (1996–2017)
• Adama Barrow, President (2017–present)

• Ghana (complete list) –

• Jerry Rawlings, Military head of state (1981–1993), President (1993–2001)
• John Kufuor, President (2001–2009)
• John Atta Mills, President (2009–2012)
• John Dramani Mahama, President (2012–2017)
• Nana Akufo-Addo, President (2017–present)

• Guinea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Lansana Conté, President (1984–2008)
• Moussa Dadis Camara, President (2008–2009)
• Sékouba Konaté, Acting President (2009–2010)
• Alpha Condé, President (2010–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lamine Sidimé, Prime minister (1999–2004)
• François Lonseny Fall, Prime minister (2004)
• Cellou Dalein Diallo, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Eugène Camara, Prime minister (2007)
• Lansana Kouyaté, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Ahmed Tidiane Souaré, Prime minister (2008)
• Kabiné Komara, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Jean-Marie Doré, Prime minister (2010)
• Mohamed Said Fofana, Prime minister (2010–2015)
• Mamady Youla, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Guinea-Bissau

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kumba Ialá, President (2000–2003)
• Veríssimo Correia Seabra, Chairman of the Military Committee (2003)
• Henrique Rosa, Acting President (2003–2005)
• João Bernardo Vieira, President (2005–2009)
• Raimundo Pereira, Acting President (2009)
• Malam Bacai Sanhá, President (2009–2012)
• Raimundo Pereira, Acting President (2012)
• Mamadu Ture Kuruma, Chairman of the Military Command (2012)
• Manuel Serifo Nhamadjo, Acting President (2012–2014)
• José Mário Vaz, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Caetano N'Tchama, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Faustino Imbali, Prime minister (2001)
• Alamara Nhassé, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Mário Pires, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Artur Sanhá, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Aristides Gomes, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Martinho Ndafa Kabi, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Carlos Correia, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Carlos Gomes Júnior, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Adiato Djaló Nandigna, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Rui Duarte de Barros, Acting Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Domingos Simões Pereira, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Baciro Djá, Prime minister (2015)
• Carlos Correia, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Baciro Djá, Prime minister (2016)
• Umaro Sissoco Embaló, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Ivory Coast

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Laurent Gbagbo, President (2000–2011)
• Alassane Ouattara, President (2010–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pascal Affi N'Guessan, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Seydou Diarra, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Charles Konan Banny, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Guillaume Soro, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Gilbert Aké, disputed prime minister (2010–2011)
• Jeannot Ahoussou-Kouadio, Prime minister (2012)
• Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime minister (2012–2017)
• Amadou Gon Coulibaly, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Liberia (complete list) –

• Charles Taylor, President (1997–2003)
• Moses Blah, President (2003–2003)
• Gyude Bryant, Chairman of the National Transitional Government (2003–2006)
• Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, President (2006–present)

• Mali

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Alpha Oumar Konaré, President (1992–2002)
• Amadou Toumani Touré, President (2002–2012)
• Amadou Sanogo, Chairperson of the National Committee (2012)
• Dioncounda Traoré, Acting President (2012–2013)
• Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mandé Sidibé, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Modibo Keita, Prime minister (2002)
• Ahmed Mohamed ag Hamani, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Ousmane Issoufi Maïga, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Modibo Sidibé, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Cissé Mariam Kaïdama Sidibé, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Cheick Modibo Diarra, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Django Sissoko, Acting Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Oumar Tatam Ly, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Moussa Mara, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Modibo Keita, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Mauritania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President (1984–2005)
• Ely Ould Mohamed Vall, Chairman of the Military Council (2005–2007)
• Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, President (2007–2008)
• Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, Acting President (2008–2009)
• Ba Mamadou Mbaré, Acting President (2009)
• Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz, President (2009–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime minister (1998–2003)
• Sghair Ould M'Bareck, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Zeine Ould Zeidane, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Yahya Ould Ahmed El Waghef, Prime minister (2008)
• Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf, Prime minister (2008–2014)
• Yahya Ould Hademine, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Niger

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mamadou Tandja, President (1999–2010)
• Salou Djibo, Supreme Council for the Restoration of Democracy (2010–2011)
• Mahamadou Issoufou, President (2011–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hama Amadou, Prime minister (2000–2007)
• Seyni Oumarou, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Albadé Abouba, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Ali Badjo Gamatié, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Mahamadou Danda, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Brigi Rafini, Prime minister (2011–present)

• Nigeria: Fourth Nigerian Republic (complete list) –

• Olusegun Obasanjo, President (1999–2007)
• Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, President (2007–2010)
• Goodluck Jonathan, President (2010–2015)
• Muhammadu Buhari, President (2015–present)

• Senegal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Abdoulaye Wade, President (2000–2012)
• Macky Sall, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Moustapha Niasse, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Mame Madior Boye, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Idrissa Seck, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Macky Sall, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Cheikh Hadjibou Soumaré, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Souleymane Ndéné Ndiaye, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Abdoul Mbaye, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Aminata Touré, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Mohammed Dionne, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Sierra Leone (complete list) –

• Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President (1998–2007)
• Ernest Bai Koroma, President (2007–present)

• Togo

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President (1967–2005)
• Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005)
• Bonfoh Abass, Interim President (2005)
• Faure Gnassingbé, President (2005–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Agbéyomé Kodjo, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Koffi Sama, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Edem Kodjo, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Yawovi Agboyibo, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Komlan Mally, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Gilbert Houngbo, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Komi Sélom Klassou, Prime minister (2015–present)

Americas

Americas: Caribbean

• Antigua and Barbuda

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lester Bird, Prime minister (1994–2004)
• Baldwin Spencer, Prime minister (2004–2014)
• Gaston Browne, Prime minister (2014–present)

• The Bahamas

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1973–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (1992–2002)
• Perry Christie, Prime minister (2002–2007)
• Hubert Ingraham, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Perry Christie, Prime minister (2012–2017)
• Hubert Minnis, Prime minister (2017-present)

• Barbados

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1966–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Owen Arthur, Prime minister (1994–2008)
• David Thompson (Barbadian politician), Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Freundel Stuart, Prime minister (2010–present)

• Cuba

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Fidel Castro, President (1976–2008)
• Raúl Castro, President (2008–present)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Fidel Castro, Prime minister (1959–1976), President of the Council of Ministers (1976–2008)
• Raúl Castro, President of the Council of Ministers (2008–present)

• Dominica

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vernon Shaw, President (1998–2003)
• Nicholas Liverpool, President (2003–2012)
• Eliud Williams, President (2012–2013)
• Charles Savarin, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Pierre Charles, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Osborne Riviere, Acting President (2004)
• Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime minister (2004–present)

• Dominican Republic (complete list) –

• Hipólito Mejía, President (2000–2004)
• Leonel Fernández, President (2004–2012)
• Danilo Medina, President (2012–present)

• Grenada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1974–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (1995–2008)
• Tillman Thomas, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Keith Mitchell, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Haiti

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• René Préval, President (1996–2001)
• Jean-Bertrand Aristide, President (2001–2004)
• Boniface Alexandre, Provisional President (2004–2006)
• René Préval, President (2006–2011)
• Michel Martelly, President (2011–2016)
• Council of Ministers (2016)
• Jocelerme Privert, Provisional President (2016–2017)
• Jovenel Moïse, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Jean Marie Chérestal, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Yvon Neptune, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Gérard Latortue, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Jacques-Édouard Alexis, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Michèle Pierre-Louis, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Jean-Max Bellerive, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Garry Conille, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Laurent Lamothe, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Florence Duperval Guillaume, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Evans Paul, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Fritz Jean, Prime minister (2016)
• Enex Jean-Charles, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Jamaica

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1962–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• P. J. Patterson, Prime minister (1992–2006)
• Portia Simpson-Miller, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Bruce Golding, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Andrew Holness, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Portia Simpson-Miller, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Andrew Holness, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Saint Kitts and Nevis

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1983–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Denzil Douglas, Prime minister (1995–2015)
• Timothy Harris, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Saint Lucia

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (1997–2006)
• John Compton, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Stephenson King, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Kenny Anthony, Prime minister (2011–2016)
• Allen Chastanet, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1979–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Arnhim Eustace, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Ralph Gonsalves, Prime minister (2001–present)

• Trinidad and Tobago

• Presidents (complete list) –

• A. N. R. Robinson, President (1997–2003)
• George Maxwell Richards, President (2003–2013)
• Anthony Carmona, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Basdeo Panday, Prime minister (1995–2001)
• Patrick Manning, Prime minister (2001–2010)
• Kamla Persad-Bissessar, Prime minister (2010–2015)
• Keith Rowley, Prime minister (2015–present)

Americas: Central

• Belize

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1981–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Said Musa, Prime minister (1998–2008)
• Dean Barrow, Prime minister (2008–present)

• Costa Rica (complete list) –

• Miguel Rodríguez Echeverría, President (1998–2002)
• Abel Pacheco de la Espriella, President (2002–2006)
• Óscar Arias, President (2006–2010)
• Laura Chinchilla, President (2010–2014)
• Luis Guillermo Solís, President (2014–present)

• El Salvador (complete list) –

• Francisco Flores Pérez, President (1999–2004)
• Antonio Saca, President (2004–2009)
• Mauricio Funes, President (2009–2014)
• Salvador Sánchez Cerén, President (2014–present)

• Guatemala (complete list) –

• Alfonso Portillo, President (2000–2004)
• Óscar Berger, President (2004–2008)
• Álvaro Colom, President (2008–2012)
• Otto Pérez Molina, President (2012–2015)
• Alejandro Maldonado, Acting President (2015–2016)
• Jimmy Morales, President (2016–present)

• Honduras (complete list) –

• Carlos Roberto Flores, President (1998–2002)
• Ricardo Maduro, President (2002–2006)
• Manuel Zelaya, President (2006–2009)
• Roberto Micheletti, Acting President (2009–2010)
• Porfirio Lobo Sosa, President (2010–2014)
• Juan Orlando Hernández, President (2014–present)

• Nicaragua (complete list) –

• Arnoldo Alemán, President (1997–2002)
• Enrique Bolaños, President (2002–2007)
• Daniel Ortega, President (2007–present)

• Panama (complete list) –

• Mireya Moscoso, President (1999–2004)
• Martín Torrijos, President (2004–2009)
• Ricardo Martinelli, President (2009–2014)
• Juan Carlos Varela, President (2014–present)

Americas: North

• Canada

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jean Chrétien, Prime minister (1993–2003)
• Paul Martin, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Stephen Harper, Prime minister (2006–2015)
• Justin Trudeau, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Mexico (complete list) –

• Vicente Fox, President (2000–2006)
• Felipe Calderón, President (2006–2012)
• Enrique Peña Nieto, President (2012–present)

• United States (complete list) –

• Bill Clinton, President (1993–2001)
• George W. Bush, President (2001–2009)
• Barack Obama, President (2009–2017)
• Donald Trump, President (2017–present)

Americas: South

• Argentina (complete list) –

• Fernando de la Rúa, President (1999–2001)
• Adolfo Rodríguez Saá, President (2001)
• Eduardo Duhalde, President (2002–2003)
• Néstor Kirchner, President (2003–2007)
• Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, President (2007–2015)
• Mauricio Macri, President (2015–present)

• Bolivia (complete list) –

• Hugo Banzer, President (1997–2001)
• Jorge Quiroga, President (2001–2002)
• Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President (2002–2003)
• Carlos Mesa, President (2003–2005)
• Eduardo Rodríguez, President (2005–2006)
• Evo Morales, President (2006–present)

• Brazil (complete list) –

• Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President (1995–2002)
• Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, President (2003–2011)
• Dilma Rousseff, President (2011–2016)
• Michel Temer, President (2016–present)

• Chile (complete list) –

• Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President (1994–2000)
• Ricardo Lagos, President (2000–2006)
• Michelle Bachelet, President (2006–2010)
• Sebastián Piñera, President (2010–2014)
• Michelle Bachelet, President (2014–present)

• Colombia (complete list) –

• Andrés Pastrana Arango, President (1998–2002)
• Álvaro Uribe Vélez, President (2002–2010)
• Juan Manuel Santos Calderón, President (2010–present)

• Ecuador (complete list) –

• Gustavo Noboa, President (2000–2003)
• Lucio Gutiérrez, President (2003–2005)
• Alfredo Palacio, President (2005–2007)
• Rafael Correa, President (2007–present)

• Guyana

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Bharrat Jagdeo, President (1999–2011)
• Donald Ramotar, President (2011–2015)
• David A. Granger, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sam Hinds, Prime minister (1999–2015)
• Moses Nagamootoo, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Paraguay (complete list) –

• Luis González, President (1999–2003)
• Nicanor Duarte, President (2003–2008)
• Fernando Lugo, President (2008–2012)
• Federico Franco, President (2012–2013)
• Horacio Cartes, President (2013–present)

• Peru (complete list) –

• Valentín Paniagua, President of Transition Government (2000–2001)
• Alejandro Toledo, Constitutional President (2001–2006)
• Alan García Pérez, Constitutional President (2006–2011)
• Ollanta Humala, Constitutional President (2011–2016)
• Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Constitutional President (2016–present)

• Suriname (complete list) –

• Ronald Venetiaan, President (2000–2010)
• Dési Bouterse, President (2010–present)

• Uruguay (complete list) –

• Julio María Sanguinetti, President (1995–2000)
• Jorge Batlle, President (2000–2005)
• Tabaré Vázquez, President (2005–2010)
• José Mujica, President (2010–2015)
• Tabaré Vázquez, President (2015–present)

• Venezuela (complete list) –

• Hugo Chávez, President (1999–2002, 2002–2013)
• Diosdado Cabello, Acting President (2002)
• Nicolás Maduro, President (2013–present)

Asia

Asia: Central

• Kazakhstan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Nursultan Nazarbayev, President (1991–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Imangali Tasmagambetov, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Daniyal Akhmetov, Prime minister (2003–2007)
• Karim Massimov, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Serik Akhmetov, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Karim Massimov, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Bakhytzhan Sagintayev, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Kyrgyzstan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Askar Akayev, President (1990–2005)
• Ishenbai Kadyrbekov, Acting President (2005)
• Kurmanbek Bakiyev, President (2005–2010)
• Roza Otunbayeva, President (2010–2011)
• Almazbek Atambayev, President (2011–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Nikolai Tanayev, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Kurmanbek Bakiyev, Prime minister (2005)
• Medetbek Kerimkulov, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Felix Kulov, Acting Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Azim Isabekov, Prime minister (2007)
• Almazbek Atambayev, Prime minister (2007)
• Iskenderbek Aidaraliyev, Acting Prime minister (2007)
• Igor Chudinov, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Daniar Usenov, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Almazbek Atambayev, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Omurbek Babanov, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Almazbek Atambayev, Prime minister (2011)
• Omurbek Babanov, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Aaly Karashev, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Zhantoro Satybaldiyev, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Djoomart Otorbaev, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Temir Sariyev, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Sooronbay Jeenbekov, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Tajikistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Emomali Rahmon, Chairman of the Supreme Assembly (1992–1994), President (1994–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Oqil Oqilov, Prime minister (1999–2013)
• Kokhir Rasulzoda, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Turkmenistan (complete list) –

• Saparmurat Niyazov, President (1990–2006)
• Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow, Acting President (2006–2007), President (2007–present)

• Uzbekistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Islam Karimov, President (1991–2016)
• Nigmatilla Yuldashev, Acting President (2016)
• Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Interim President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Oʻtkir Sultonov, Prime minister (1995–2003)
• Shavkat Mirziyoyev, Prime minister (2003–present)

Asia: East

• People's Republic of China

• Chairmen and General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) and paramount leaders (complete list) –

• Jiang Zemin, General Secretary (1989–2002), paramount leader (1989–2002)
• Hu Jintao, General Secretary (2002–2012), paramount leader (2002–2012)
• Xi Jinping, General Secretary (2012–present), paramount leader (2012–present)

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Jiang Zemin, President (1993–2003)
• Hu Jintao, President (2003–2013)
• Xi Jinping, President (2013–present)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Zhu Rongji, Premier (1998–2003)
• Wen Jiabao, Premier (2003–2013)
• Li Keqiang, Premier (2013–present)

• Republic of China: Taiwan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Chen Shui-bian, President (2000–2008)
• Ma Ying-jeou, President (2008–2016)
• Tsai Ing-wen, President (2016–present)

• Premiers (complete list) –

• Chang Chun-hsiung, Premier (2000–2002)
• Yu Shyi-kun, Premier (2002–2005)
• Frank Hsieh, Premier (2005–2006)
• Su Tseng-chang, Premier (2006–2007)
• Chang Chun-hsiung, Premier (2007–2008)
• Liu Chao-shiuan, Premier (2008–2009)
• Wu Den-yih, Premier (2009–2012)
• Sean Chen, Premier (2012–2013)
• Jiang Yi-huah, Premier (2013–2014)
• Mao Chi-kuo, Premier (2014–2016)
• Chang San-cheng, Premier (2016)
• Lin Chuan, Premier (2016–present)

• Japan

• Emperors (complete list) –

• Akihito, Emperor (1989–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Junichirō Koizumi, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Shinzō Abe, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Yasuo Fukuda, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Tarō Asō, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Yukio Hatoyama, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Naoto Kan, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Yoshihiko Noda, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Shinzō Abe, Prime minister (2012–present)

• North Korea

• Chairman of the Workers' Party (complete list) –

• Kim Jong-il, General Secretary (1997–2011)
• Kim Jong-un, First Secretary (2012–2016), Chairman (2016–present)

• Prime Ministers (complete list) –

• Hong Song-nam, Prime minister (1997–2003)
• Pak Pong-ju, Prime minister (2003–2007)
• Kim Yong-il, Prime minister (2007–2010)
• Choe Yong-rim, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Pak Pong-ju, Prime Minister (2013–present)

• South Korea

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kim Dae-jung, President (1998–2003)
• Roh Moo-hyun, President (2003–2008)
• Goh Kun, Acting President (2004)
• Lee Myung-bak, President (2008–2013)
• Park Geun-hye, President (2013–2017)
• Hwang Kyo-ahn, Acting President (2016–2017)
• Moon Jae-in, President (2017-present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lee Han-dong, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Chang Sang, Acting Prime minister (2002)
• Chang Dae-whan, Acting Prime minister (2002)
• Kim Suk-soo, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Goh Kun, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Lee Hae-chan, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Han Myeong-sook, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Han Duck-soo, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Han Seung-soo, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Chung Un-chan, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Yoon Jeung-hyun, Acting Prime minister (2010)
• Kim Hwang-sik, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Chung Hong-won, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Lee Wan-koo, Prime minister (2015)
• Choi Kyoung-hwan, Acting Prime minister (2015)
• Hwang Kyo-ahn, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Yoo Il-ho, Acting Prime minister (2017)
• Lee Nak-yeon, Prime minister (2017-present)

• Mongolia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Natsagiin Bagabandi, President (1997–2005)
• Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President (2005–2009)
• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, President (2009–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Nambaryn Enkhbayar, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Miyeegombyn Enkhbold, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Sanjaagiin Bayar, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Sükhbaataryn Batbold, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Norovyn Altankhuyag, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Dendeviin Terbishdagva, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Chimediin Saikhanbileg, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Jargaltulgyn Erdenebat, Prime minister (2016–present)

Asia: South

• Northern Alliance of Afghanistan (complete list) –

• Burhanuddin Rabbani, President (1996–2001)

• Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban)

• Heads of the Supreme Council (complete list) –

• Mohammed Omar, Head of the Supreme Council (1996–2001)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mohammad Rabbani, Prime minister (1996–2001)
• Abdul Kabir, Acting Prime minister (2001)

• Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Hamid Karzai, Acting President (2001–2004), President (2004–2014)
• Ashraf Ghani, President (2014–present)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Abdullah Abdullah, Chief executive officer (2014–present)

• Bangladesh

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Shahabuddin Ahmed, President (1996–2001)
• A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury, President (2001–2002)
• Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar, Interim President (2002)
• Iajuddin Ahmed, President (2002–2009)
• Zillur Rahman, President (2009–2013)
• Abdul Hamid, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (1996–2001)
• Latifur Rahman, Prime minister (2001)
• Khaleda Zia, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Iajuddin Ahmed, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Fazlul Haque, Interim Prime minister (2007)
• Fakhruddin Ahmed, Interim Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Sheikh Hasina, Prime minister (2009–present)

• Bhutan

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Yeshey Zimba, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Khandu Wangchuk, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Kinzang Dorji, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Jigme Thinley, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Yeshey Zimba, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Sangay Ngedup, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Khandu Wangchuk, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Kinzang Dorji, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Jigme Thinley, Prime minister (2008–2013)
• Tshering Tobgay, Prime minister (2013–present)

• India

• Presidents (complete list) –

• K. R. Narayanan, President (1997–2002)
• A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, President (2002–2007)
• Pratibha Patil, President (2007–2012)
• Pranab Mukherjee, President (2012–2017)
• Ram Nath Kovind, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime minister (1998–2004)
• Manmohan Singh, Prime minister (2004–2014)
• Narendra Modi, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Maldives (complete list) –

• Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President (1978–2008)
• Mohamed Nasheed, President (2008–2012)
• Mohammed Waheed Hassan, President (2012–2013)
• Abdulla Yameen, President (2013–present)

• Kingdom of Nepal

• Kings (complete list) –

• Birendra, King (1972–2001)
• Dipendra, King (2001)
• Gyanendra, King (2001–2008)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2006–2008)

• Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Girija Prasad Koirala, Acting President (2007–2008)
• Ram Baran Yadav, President (2008–2015)
• Bidhya Devi Bhandari, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Girija Prasad Koirala, Prime minister (2008)
• Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Madhav Kumar Nepal, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Jhala Nath Khanal, Prime minister (2011)
• Baburam Bhattarai, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Khil Raj Regmi, Acting Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Sushil Koirala, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Khadga Prasad Oli, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Pushpa Kamal Dahal, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Pakistan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, President (1997–2001)
• Pervez Musharraf, President (2001–2008)
• Muhammad Mian Soomro, Acting President (2008)
• Asif Ali Zardari, President (2008–2013)
• Mamnoon Hussain, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Zafarullah Khan Jamali, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain, Prime minister (2004)
• Shaukat Aziz, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Muhammad Mian Soomro, Acting Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Yousaf Raza Gillani, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Raja Pervaiz Ashraf, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, Acting Prime minister (2013)
• Nawaz Sharif, Prime minister (2013–2017)

• Sri Lanka

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Chandrika Kumaratunga, President (1994–2005)
• Mahinda Rajapaksa, President (2005–2015)
• Maithripala Sirisena, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Mahinda Rajapaksa, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Ratnasiri Wickremanayake, Prime minister (2005–2010)
• Disanayaka Jayaratne, Prime minister (2010–2015)
• Ranil Wickremesinghe, Prime minister (2015–present)

Asia: Southeast

• Brunei (complete list) –

• Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan (1967–present)

• Cambodia

• Kings (complete list) –

• Norodom Sihanouk, King (1993–2004)
• Norodom Sihamoni, King (2004–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hun Sen, Prime minister (1998–present)

• East Timor

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Xanana Gusmão, President (2002–2007)
• José Ramos-Horta, President (2007–2008)
• Vicente Guterres, Acting President (2008)
• Fernando de Araújo, Acting President (2008)
• José Ramos-Horta, President (2008–2012)
• Taur Matan Ruak, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mari Alkatiri, Prime minister (2002–2006)
• José Ramos-Horta, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Estanislau da Silva, Prime minister (2007)
• Xanana Gusmão, Prime minister (2007–2015)
• Rui Maria de Araújo, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Indonesia (complete list) –

• Abdurrahman Wahid, President (1999–2001)
• Megawati Sukarnoputri, President (2001–2004)
• Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, President (2004–2014)
• Joko Widodo, President (2014–present)

• Laos

• General Secretaries (complete list) –

• Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman (1992–2006)
• Choummaly Sayasone, General Secretary (2006–2016)
• Bounnhang Vorachith, General Secretary (2016–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Khamtai Siphandon, President (1998–2006)
• Choummaly Sayasone, President (2006–2016)
• Bounnhang Vorachith, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Sisavath Keobounphanh, Prime minister (1998–2001)
• Bounnhang Vorachith, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Bouasone Bouphavanh, Prime minister (2006–2010)
• Thongsing Thammavong, Prime minister (2010–2016)
• Thongloun Sisoulith, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Malaysia

• Elected monarchs (complete list) –

• Salahuddin of Selangor, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (1999–2001)
• Sirajuddin of Perlis, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2001–2006)
• Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2006–2011)
• Abdul Halim of Kedah, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2011–2016)
• Muhammad V of Kelantan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong (2016-present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahathir Mohamad, Prime minister (1981–2003)
• Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, Prime minister (2003–2009)
• Najib Razak, Prime minister (2009–present)

• Union of Burma/Myanmar

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Than Shwe, Chairmen (1992–2011)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Than Shwe, Prime minister (1992–2003)
• Khin Nyunt, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Soe Win, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Thein Sein, Prime minister (2007–2011)

• Republic of the Union of Myanmar

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Thein Sein, President (2011–2016)
• Htin Kyaw, President (2016–present)

• State Counsellors (complete list) –

• Aung San Suu Kyi, State Counsellor (2016–present)

• Philippines: Fifth Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Joseph Estrada, President (1998–2001)
• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, President (2001–2010)
• Benigno Aquino III, President (2010–2016)
• Rodrigo Duterte, President (2016–present)

• Singapore

• Presidents (complete list) –

• S. R. Nathan, President (1999–2011)
• Tony Tan, President (2011–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Goh Chok Tong, Prime minister (1990–2004)
• Lee Hsien Loong, Prime minister (2004–present)

• Thailand: Rattanakosin Kingdom

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Bhumibol Adulyadej, King (1946–2016)
• Vajiralongkorn, King (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Chuan Leekpai, Prime minister (1997–2001)
• Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Chitchai Wannasathit, Acting Prime minister (2006)
• Thaksin Shinawatra, Acting Prime minister (2006)
• Surayud Chulanont, Prime minister (2006)
• Samak Sundaravej, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Somchai Wongsawat, Prime minister (2008)
• Chaovarat Chanweerakul, Acting Prime minister (2008)
• Abhisit Vejjajiva, Prime minister (2008–2011)
• Yingluck Shinawatra, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Niwatthamrong Boonsongpaisan, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Prayut Chan-o-cha, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Vietnam

• General Secretaries of the Communist Party (complete list) –

• Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary (1997–2001)
• Nông Đức Mạnh, General Secretary (2001–2011)
• Nguyễn Phú Trọng, General Secretary (2011–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Trần Đức Lương, President (1997–2006)
• Nguyễn Minh Triết, President (2006–2011)
• Trương Tấn Sang, President (2011–2016)
• Nguyễn Phú Trọng, Acting President (2016)
• Trần Đại Quang, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Phan Văn Khải, Prime minister (1997–2006)
• Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, Prime minister (2006–2016)
• Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, Prime minister (2016–present)

Asia: West

• Bahrain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Emir (1999–2002), King (2002–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime minister (1971–present)

• Cyprus (complete list) –

• Glafcos Clerides, President (1993–2003)
• Tassos Papadopoulos, President (2003–2008)
• Demetris Christofias, President (2008–2013)
• Nicos Anastasiades, President (2013–present)

• Iran

• Supreme Leaders (complete list) –

• Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader (1989–present)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohammad Khatami, President (1997–2005)
• Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, President (2005–2013)
• Hassan Rouhani, President (2013–present)

• Iraq

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Saddam Hussein, President (1979–2003)
• Jay Garner, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority (2003)
• Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority (2003–2004)
• Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, Interim President (2004–2005)
• Jalal Talabani, President (2005–2014)
• Fuad Masum, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Saddam Hussein, Prime minister (1994–2003)
• Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, Acting Prime minister (2003)
• Ibrahim al-Jaafari, Prime minister (2003)
• Ahmed al-Chalabi, Prime minister (2003)
• Ayad Allawi, Prime minister (2003)
• Jalal Talabani, Prime minister (2003)
• Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, Prime minister (2003)
• Adnan al-Pachachi, Prime minister (2004)
• Mohsen Abdel Hamid, Prime minister (2004)
• Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum, Prime minister (2004)
• Massoud Barzani, Prime minister (2004)
• Ezzedine Salim, Prime minister (2004)
• Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer, Prime minister (2004)
• Ayad Allawi, Acting Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Ibrahim al-Jaafari, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Nouri al-Maliki, Prime minister (2006–2014)
• Haider al-Abadi, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Israel

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Ezer Weizman, President (1993–2000)
• Moshe Katsav, President (2000–2007)
• Shimon Peres, President (2007–2014)
• Reuven Rivlin, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ehud Barak, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Ariel Sharon, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Ehud Olmert, Prime minister (2006–2009)
• Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime minister (2009–present)

• Jordan

• Kings (complete list) –

• Abdullah II, King (1999–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ali Abu al-Ragheb, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Faisal al-Fayez, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Adnan Badran, Prime minister (2005)
• Marouf al-Bakhit, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Nader al-Dahabi, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Samir Rifai, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Marouf al-Bakhit, Prime minister (2011)
• Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Fayez al-Tarawneh, Prime minister (2012)
• Abdullah Ensour, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Hani Al-Mulki, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Kuwait

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Jaber III, Emir (1977–2006)
• Saad I, Emir (2006)
• Sabah IV, Emir (2006–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Saad Al-Abdullah, Prime minister (1978–2003)
• Sabah Al-Ahmad, Prime minister (2003–2006)
• Nasser Al-Sabah, Prime minister (2006–2011)
• Jaber Al-Mubarak, Prime minister (2011–present)

• Lebanon

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Émile Lahoud, President (1998–2007)
• Fouad Siniora, Acting President (2007–2008)
• Michel Suleiman, President (2008–2014)
• Tammam Salam, Acting President (2014–2016)
• Michel Aoun, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rafic Hariri, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Omar Karami, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Najib Mikati, Prime minister (2005)
• Fouad Siniora, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Saad Hariri, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Najib Mikati, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Tammam Salam, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Saad Hariri, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Oman (complete list) –

• Qaboos, Sultan (1970–present)

• State of Palestine

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Yasser Arafat, President (1994–2004)
• Mahmoud Abbas, Acting President (2005–2008), President (2008–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mahmoud Abbas, Prime minister (2003)
• Ahmed Qurei, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Nabil Shaath, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Ahmed Qurei, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Ismail Haniyeh, Prime minister (2006–2014)
• Salam Fayyad, Prime minister (2007–2013)
• Rami Hamdallah, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Qatar

• Emirs (complete list) –

• Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir (1995–2013)
• Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Emir (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abdullah bin Khalifa, Prime minister (1996–2007)
• Hamad bin Jassim, Prime minister (2007–2013)
• Abdullah bin Nasser, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Saudi Arabia (complete list) –

• Fahd, King (1982–2005)
• Abdullah, King (2005–2015)
• Salman, King (2015–present)

• Syria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Bashar al-Assad, President (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Muhammad Mustafa Mero, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Muhammad Naji al-Otari, Prime minister (2003–2011)
• Adel Safar, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Riyad Farid Hijab, Prime minister (2012)
• Omar Ibrahim Ghalawanji, Acting Prime minister (2012)
• Wael Nader al-Halqi, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Imad Khamis, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Turkey

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ahmet Necdet Sezer, President (2000–2007)
• Abdullah Gül, President (2007–2014)
• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Bülent Ecevit, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Abdullah Gül, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Prime minister (2003–2014)
• Ahmet Davutoğlu, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Binali Yıldırım, Prime minister (2016–present)

• United Arab Emirates

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President (1971–2004)
• Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, President (2004–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (1990–2006)
• Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime minister (2006–present)

• Yemen President

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ali Abdullah Saleh, Chairman of the Presidential Council (1990–1994), President (1994–2012)
• Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi, Acting President (2011–2012), President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Abd Al-Karim Al-Iryani, Prime minister (1998–2001)
• Abdul Qadir Bajamal, Prime minister (2001–2007)
• Ali Muhammad Mujawar, Prime minister (2007–2011)
• Mohammed Basindawa, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Abdullah Mohsen al-Akwa, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Khaled Bahah, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Ahmed Obeid bin Daghr, Prime minister (2016–present)
• Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour, Disputed Prime minister (2016–present)

Houthi takeover in Yemen

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mohammed Ali al-Houthi, President of the Supreme Revolutionary Committee (2015–2016)
• Saleh Ali al-Sammad, President of the Supreme Political Council (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Talal Aklan, Acting Prime minister (2016–present)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

• Albania

• Chairmen (complete list) –

• Rexhep Meidani, President (1997–2002)
• Alfred Moisiu, President (2002–2007)
• Bamir Topi, President (2007–2012)
• Bujar Nishani, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ilir Meta, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Pandeli Majko, Prime minister (2002)
• Fatos Nano, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Sali Berisha, Prime minister (2005–2013)
• Edi Rama, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Bosnia and Herzegovina

• High Representatives (complete list) –

• Wolfgang Petritsch, High Representative (1999–2002)
• Paddy Ashdown, High Representative (2002–2006)
• Christian Schwarz-Schilling, High Representative (2006–2007)
• Miroslav Lajčák, High Representative (2007–2009)
• Valentin Inzko, President (2009–present)

• Presidency (complete list) –

• Chairmen of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Živko Radišić, Chairmen (2000–2001)
• Jozo Križanović, Chairmen (2001–2002)
• Beriz Belkić, Chairmen (2002)
• Mirko Šarović, Chairmen (2002–2003)
• Dragan Čović, Chairmen (2003)
• Borislav Paravac, Chairmen (2003)
• Dragan Čović, Chairmen (2003–2004)
• Sulejman Tihić, Chairmen (2004)
• Borislav Paravac, Chairmen (2004–2005)
• Ivo Miro Jović, Chairmen (2005–2006)
• Sulejman Tihić, Chairmen (2006)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairmen (2006–2007)
• Željko Komšić, Chairmen (2007–2008)
• Haris Silajdžić, Chairmen (2008)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairmen (2008–2009)
• Željko Komšić, Chairmen (2009–2010)
• Haris Silajdžić, Chairmen (2010)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairmen (2010–2011)
• Željko Komšić, Chairmen (2011–2012)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairmen (2012)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Chairmen (2012–2013)
• Željko Komšić, Chairmen (2013–2014)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairmen (2014)
• Mladen Ivanić, Chairmen (2014–2015)
• Dragan Čović, Chairmen (2015–2016)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Chairmen (2016)

• Mladen Ivanić, Chairmen (2016–present)

• Bosniak members of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Halid Genjac, Member (2000–2001)
• Beriz Belkić, Member (2001–2002)
• Sulejman Tihić, Member (2002–2006)
• Haris Silajdžić, Member (2006–2010)
• Bakir Izetbegović, Member (2010–present)

• Croat members of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Ante Jelavić, Member (1998–2001)
• Jozo Križanović, Member (2001–2002)
• Dragan Čović, Member (2002–2005)
• Ivo Miro Jović, Member (2005–2006)
• Željko Komšić, Member (2006–2014)
• Dragan Čović, Member (2014–present)

• Serb members of the Presidency (complete list) –

• Živko Radišić, Member (1998–2002)
• Mirko Šarović, Member (2002–2003)
• Borislav Paravac, Member (2003–2006)
• Nebojša Radmanović, Member (2006–2014)
• Mladen Ivanić, Member (2014–present)

• Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (complete list) –

• Martin Raguž, Chairman (2000–2001)
• Božidar Matić, Chairman (2001)
• Zlatko Lagumdžija, Chairman (2001–2002)
• Dragan Mikerević, Chairman (2002)
• Adnan Terzić, Chairman (2002–2007)
• Nikola Špirić, Chairman (2007–2012)
• Vjekoslav Bevanda, Chairman (2012–2015)
• Denis Zvizdić, Chairman (2015–present)

• Bulgaria

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Zhelyu Zhelev, Chairman (1990–1992), President (1992–1997)
• Petar Stoyanov, President (1997–2002)
• Georgi Parvanov, President (2002–2012)
• Rosen Plevneliev, President (2012–2017)
• Rumen Radev, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ivan Yordanov Kostov, Prime minister (1997–2001)
• Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Prime minister (2001–2005)
• Sergei Stanishev, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Boyko Borisov, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Marin Raykov, Interim Prime minister (2013)
• Plamen Oresharski, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Georgi Bliznashki, Interim Prime minister (2014)
• Boyko Borissov, Prime minister (2014–2017)
• Ognyan Gerdzhikov, Acting Prime minister (2017–present)

• Croatia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Stjepan Mesić, President (2000–2010)
• Ivo Josipović, President (2010–2015)
• Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Ivica Račan, Prime minister (2000–2003)
• Ivo Sanader, Prime minister (2003–2009)
• Jadranka Kosor, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Zoran Milanović, Prime minister (2011–2016)
• Tihomir Orešković, Prime minister (2016)
• Andrej Plenković, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Greece: Third Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President (1995–2005)
• Karolos Papoulias, President (2005–2015)
• Prokopis Pavlopoulos, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Costas Simitis, Prime minister (1996–2004)
• Kostas Karamanlis, Prime minister (2004–2009)
• George Papandreou, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Lucas Papademos, Prime minister (2011–2012)
• Panagiotis Pikrammenos, Interim Prime minister (2012)
• Antonis Samaras, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Alexis Tsipras, Prime minister (2015)
• Vassiliki Thanou-Christophilou, Interim Prime minister (2015)
• Alexis Tsipras, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Kosovo, (Recognized by 114 UN member states)

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Fatmir Sejdiu, President (2008–2010)
• Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President (2010–2011)
• Behgjet Pacolli, President (2011)
• Jakup Krasniqi, Acting President (2011)
• Atifete Jahjaga, President (2011–2016)
• Hashim Thaçi, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Hashim Thaçi, Prime minister (2008–2014)
• Isa Mustafa, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Republic of Macedonia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Kiro Gligorov, President (000–present)
• Boris Trajkovski, President (000–present)
• Branko Crvenkovski, President (000–present)
• Gjorge Ivanov, President (000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Nikola Kljusev, Prime minister (000–present)
• Branko Crvenkovski, Prime minister (000–present)
• Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime minister (000–present)
• Branko Crvenkovski, Prime minister (000–present)
• Radmila Šekerinska, Acting Prime minister (000–present)
• Hari Kostov, Prime minister (000–present)
• Radmila Šekerinska, Acting Prime minister (000–present)
• Vlado Bučkovski, Prime minister (000–present)
• Nikola Gruevski, Prime minister (000–present)
• Emil Dimitriev, Prime minister (000–present)

• Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Serbia and Montenegro

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vojislav Koštunica, President (2000–2003)
• Svetozar Marović, President (2003–2006)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Zoran Žižić, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Dragiša Pešić, Prime minister (2001–2003)

• Montenegro

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Filip Vujanović, President (2006–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Milo Đukanović, Prime minister (2006)
• Željko Šturanović, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Milo Đukanović, Prime minister (2008–2010)
• Igor Lukšić, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Milo Đukanović, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Duško Marković, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Serbia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Boris Tadić, President (2004–2012)
• Slavica Đukić Dejanović, Acting President (2012)
• Tomislav Nikolić, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Vojislav Koštunica, Prime minister (2004–2008)
• Mirko Cvetković, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Ivica Dačić, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Aleksandar Vučić, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Slovenia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Milan Kučan, President (1991–2002)
• Janez Drnovšek, President (2002–2007)
• Danilo Türk, President (2007–2012)
• Borut Pahor, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Janez Drnovšek, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Anton Rop, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Janez Janša, Prime minister (2004–2008)
• Borut Pahor, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Janez Janša, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Alenka Bratušek, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Miro Cerar, Prime minister (2014–present)

Europe: British Isles

• Republic of Ireland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Mary McAleese, President (1997–2011)
• Michael D. Higgins, President (2011–present)

• Taoiseachs (complete list) –

• Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach (1997–2008)
• Brian Cowen, Taoiseach (2008–2011)
• Enda Kenny, Taoiseach (2011–present)

• United Kingdom

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tony Blair, Prime minister (1997–2007)
• Gordon Brown, Prime minister (2007–2010)
• David Cameron, Prime minister (2010–2016)
• Theresa May, Prime minister (2016–present)

Europe: Central

• Austria

• Federal Presidents (complete list) –

• Thomas Klestil, President (1992–2004)
• Heinz Fischer, President (2004–2016)
• Doris Bures, Karlheinz Kopf, Norbert Hofer, Joint Acting Presidents (2016–2017)
• Alexander Van der Bellen, President (2017–present)

• Chancellors (complete list) –

• Wolfgang Schüssel, Chancellor (2000–2007)
• Alfred Gusenbauer, Chancellor (2007–2008)
• Werner Faymann, Chancellor (2008–2016)
• Reinhold Mitterlehner, Acting Chancellor (2016)
• Christian Kern, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Czech Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Václav Havel, President (1993–2003)
• Václav Klaus, President (2003–2013)
• Miloš Zeman, President (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Miloš Zeman, Chancellor (1998–2002)
• Vladimír Špidla, Chancellor (2002–2004)
• Stanislav Gross, Chancellor (2004–2005)
• Jiří Paroubek, Chancellor (2005–2006)
• Mirek Topolánek, Chancellor (2006–2009)
• Jan Fischer, Chancellor (2009–2010)
• Petr Nečas, Chancellor (2010–2013)
• Jiří Rusnok, Chancellor (2013–2014)
• Bohuslav Sobotka, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Germany

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Johannes Rau, President (1999–2004)
• Horst Köhler, President (2004–2010)
• Christian Wulff, President (2010–2012)
• Joachim Gauck, President (2012–2017)
• Frank-Walter Steinmeier, President (2017-present)

• Chancellors (complete list) –

• Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor (1998–2005)
• Angela Merkel, Chancellor (2005–present)

• Hungary

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ferenc Mádl, President (2000–2005)
• László Sólyom, President (2005–2010)
• Pál Schmitt, President (2010–2012)
• László Kövér, Acting President (2012)
• János Áder, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Viktor Orbán, Prime minister (1998–2002)
• Péter Medgyessy, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Ferenc Gyurcsány, Prime minister (2004–2009)
• Gordon Bajnai, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Viktor Orbán, Prime minister (2010–present)

• Liechtenstein

• Sovereign Princes (complete list) –

• Hans-Adam II, Prince (1989–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mario Frick, Prime minister (1993–2001)
• Otmar Hasler, Prime minister (2001–2009)
• Klaus Tschütscher, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Adrian Hasler, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Poland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President (1995–2005)
• Lech Kaczyński, President (2005–2010)
• Bronisław Komorowski, Acting President (2010)
• Bogdan Borusewicz, Acting President (2010)
• Grzegorz Schetyna, Acting President (2010)
• Bronisław Komorowski, President (2010–2015)
• Andrzej Duda, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jerzy Buzek, Prime minister (1997–2001)
• Leszek Miller, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Marek Belka, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Jarosław Kaczyński, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Donald Tusk, Prime minister (2007–2014)
• Ewa Kopacz, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Beata Szydło, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Slovakia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Rudolf Schuster, President (1999–2004)
• Ivan Gašparovič, President (2004–2014)
• Andrej Kiska, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime minister (1998–2006)
• Robert Fico, Prime minister (2006–2010)
• Iveta Radičová, Prime minister (2010–2012)
• Robert Fico, Prime minister (2012–present)

• Switzerland (complete list) –

• Moritz Leuenberger, President of the Confederation (2001)
• Kaspar Villiger, President of the Confederation (2002)
• Pascal Couchepin, President of the Confederation (2003)
• Joseph Deiss, President of the Confederation (2004)
• Samuel Schmid, President of the Confederation (2005)
• Moritz Leuenberger, President of the Confederation (2006)
• Micheline Calmy-Rey, President of the Confederation (2007)
• Pascal Couchepin, President of the Confederation (2008)
• Hans-Rudolf Merz, President of the Confederation (2009)
• Doris Leuthard, President of the Confederation (2010)
• Micheline Calmy-Rey, President of the Confederation (2011)
• Eveline Widmer-Schlumpf, President of the Confederation (2012)
• Ueli Maurer, President of the Confederation (2013)
• Didier Burkhalter, President of the Confederation (2014)
• Simonetta Sommaruga, President of the Confederation (2015)
• Johann Schneider-Ammann, President of the Confederation (2016)
• Doris Leuthard, President of the Confederation (2017)

Europe: East

Baltic states

• Estonia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Lennart Meri, President (1992–2001)
• Arnold Rüütel, President (2001–2006)
• Toomas Hendrik Ilves, President (2006–2016)
• Kersti Kaljulaid, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mart Laar, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Siim Kallas, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Juhan Parts, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Andrus Ansip, Prime minister (2005–2014)
• Taavi Rõivas, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Jüri Ratas, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Latvia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President (1999–2007)
• Valdis Zatlers, President (2007–2011)
• Andris Bērziņš, President (2011–2015)
• Raimonds Vējonis, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Andris Bērziņš, Prime minister (2000–2002)
• Einars Repše, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Indulis Emsis, Prime minister (2004)
• Aigars Kalvītis, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Ivars Godmanis, Prime minister (2007–2009)
• Valdis Dombrovskis, Prime minister (2009–2014)
• Laimdota Straujuma, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Māris Kučinskis, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Lithuania

• Valdas Adamkus, President (1998–2003)
• Rolandas Paksas, President (2003–2004)
• Artūras Paulauskas, Acting President (2004)
• Valdas Adamkus, President (2004–2009)
• Dalia Grybauskaitė, President (2009–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Rolandas Paksas, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Eugenijus Gentvilas, Acting Prime minister (2001)
• Algirdas Brazauskas, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Zigmantas Balčytis, Acting Prime minister (2006)
• Gediminas Kirkilas, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Andrius Kubilius, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Algirdas Butkevičius, Prime minister (2012–2016)
• Saulius Skvernelis, Prime minister (2016–present)

Non-Baltic states

• Belarus

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Alexander Lukashenko, President (1994–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Vladimir Yermoshin, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Gennady Novitsky, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Sergei Sidorsky, Prime minister (2003–2010)
• Mikhail Myasnikovich, Prime minister (2010–2014)
• Andrei Kobyakov, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Moldova

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Petru Lucinschi, President (1997–2001)
• Vladimir Voronin, President (2001–2009)
• Mihai Ghimpu, Acting President (2009–2010)
• Vlad Filat, Acting President (2010)
• Marian Lupu, Acting President (2010–2012)
• Nicolae Timofti, President (2012–2016)
• Igor Dodon, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Dumitru Braghiș, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Vasile Tarlev, Prime minister (2001–2008)
• Zinaida Greceanîi, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Vitalie Pîrlog, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Vlad Filat, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Iurie Leancă, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Chiril Gaburici, Prime minister (2015)
• Natalia Gherman, Acting Prime minister (2015)
• Valeriu Streleț, Prime minister (2015)
• Gheorghe Brega, Acting Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Pavel Filip, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Romania

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ion Iliescu, President (2000–2004)
• Traian Băsescu, President (2004–2007)
• Nicolae Văcăroiu, Interim President (2007)
• Traian Băsescu, President (2007–2012)
• Crin Antonescu, Interim President (2012)
• Traian Băsescu, President (2012–2014)
• Klaus Iohannis, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Adrian Năstase, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Eugen Bejinariu, Interim Prime minister (2004)
• Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu, Prime minister (2004–2008)
• Emil Boc, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Cătălin Predoiu, Interim Prime minister (2012)
• Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu, Prime minister (2012)
• Victor Ponta, Prime minister (2012–2015)
• Gabriel Oprea, Interim Prime minister (2015)
• Victor Ponta, Prime minister (2015)
• Sorin Cîmpeanu, Interim Prime minister (2015)
• Dacian Cioloș, Prime minister (2015–2017)
• Sorin Grindeanu, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Russia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vladimir Putin, Acting President (1999–2000), President (2000–2008)
• Dmitry Medvedev, President (2008–2012)
• Vladimir Putin, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mikhail Kasyanov, Prime minister (2000–2004)
• Viktor Khristenko, Acting Prime minister (2004)
• Mikhail Fradkov, Prime minister (2004–2007)
• Viktor Zubkov, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Vladimir Putin, Prime minister (2008–2012)
• Viktor Zubkov, Prime minister (2012)
• Dmitry Medvedev, Prime minister (2012–present)

• Ukraine

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Leonid Kuchma, President (1994–2005)
• Viktor Yushchenko, President (2005–2010)
• Viktor Yanukovych, President (2010–2014)
• Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting President (2014)
• Petro Poroshenko, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Viktor Yushchenko, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Anatoliy Kinakh, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Viktor Yanukovych, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Mykola Azarov, Acting Prime minister (2004)
• Viktor Yanukovych, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Mykola Azarov, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime minister (2005)
• Yuriy Yekhanurov, Prime minister (2005–2006)
• Viktor Yanukovych, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Oleksandr Turchynov, Prime minister (2007–2010)
• Mykola Azarov, Prime minister (2010–2014)
• Serhiy Arbuzov, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Oleksandr Turchynov, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Arseniy Yatsenyuk, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Volodymyr Groysman, Prime minister (2016–present)

Europe: Nordic

• Denmark

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Margrethe II, Queen (1972–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime minister (1993–2001)
• Anders Fogh Rasmussen, Prime minister (2001–2009)
• Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Helle Thorning-Schmidt, Prime minister (2011–2015)
• Lars Løkke Rasmussen, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Finland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Tarja Halonen, President (2000–2012)
• Sauli Niinistö, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Paavo Lipponen, Prime minister (1995–2003)
• Anneli Jäätteenmäki, Prime minister (2003)
• Matti Vanhanen, Prime minister (2003–2010)
• Mari Kiviniemi, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Jyrki Katainen, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Alexander Stubb, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Juha Sipilä, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Iceland

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President (1996–2016)
• Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Davíð Oddsson, Prime minister (1991–2004)
• Halldór Ásgrímsson, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Geir Haarde, Prime minister (2006–2009)
• Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Prime minister (2009–2013)
• Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson, Prime minister (2013–2016)
• Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Bjarni Benediktsson, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Norway

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Harald V, King (1991–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jens Stoltenberg, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime minister (2001–2005)
• Jens Stoltenberg, Prime minister (2005–2013)
• Erna Solberg, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Sweden

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Carl XVI Gustaf, King (1973–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Göran Persson, Prime minister (1996–2006)
• Fredrik Reinfeldt, Prime minister (2006–2014)
• Stefan Löfven, Prime minister (2014–present)

Europe: Southcentral

• Italy

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President (1999–2006)
• Giorgio Napolitano, President (2006–2015)
• Sergio Mattarella, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Giuliano Amato, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Romano Prodi, Prime minister (2006–2008)
• Silvio Berlusconi, Prime minister (2008–2011)
• Mario Monti, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Enrico Letta, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Matteo Renzi, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Paolo Gentiloni, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Malta

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Guido de Marco, President (1999–2004)
• Eddie Fenech Adami, President (2004–2009)
• George Abela, President (2009–2014)
• Marie Louise Coleiro Preca, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime minister (1998–2004)
• Lawrence Gonzi, Prime minister (2004–2013)
• Joseph Muscat, Prime minister (2013–present)

• San Marino

• Captains Regent (1900–present) –

• Gianfranco Terenzi, Enzo Colombini, Captains Regent (2000–2001)
• Luigi Lonfernini, Fabio Berardi, Captains Regent (2001)
• Alberto Cecchetti, Gino Giovagnoli, Captains Regent (2001–2002)
• Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari, Giovanni Francesco Ugolini, Captains Regent (2002)
• Mauro Chiaruzzi, Giuseppe Maria Morganti, Captains Regent (2002–2003)
• Pier Marino Menicucci, Giovanni Giannoni, Captains Regent (2003)
• Giovanni Lonfernini, Valeria Ciavatta, Captains Regent (2003–2004)
• Paolo Bollini, Marino Riccardi, Captains Regent (2004)
• Giuseppe Arzilli, Roberto Raschi, Captains Regent (2004–2005)
• Fausta Morganti, Cesare Gasperoni, Captains Regent (2005)
• Claudio Muccioli, Antonello Bacciocchi, Captains Regent (2005–2006)
• Gianfranco Terenzi, Loris Francini, Captains Regent (2006)
• Antonio Carattoni, Roberto Giorgetti, Captains Regent (2006–2007)
• Alessandro Mancini, Alessandro Rossi, Captains Regent (2007)
• Mirko Tomassoni, Alberto Selva, Captains Regent (2007–2008)
• Rosa Zafferani, Federico Pedini Amati, Captains Regent (2008)
• Ernesto Benedettini, Assunta Meloni, Captains Regent (2008–2009)
• Oscar Mina, Massimo Cenci, Captains Regent (2009)
• Stefano Palmieri, Francesco Mussoni , Captains Regent (2009–2010)
• Marco Conti, Glauco Sansovini, Captains Regent (2010)
• Giovanni Francesco Ugolini, Andrea Zafferani, Captains Regent (2010–2011)
• Maria Luisa Berti, Filippo Tamagnini, Captains Regent (2011)
• Gabriele Gatti, Matteo Fiorini, Captains Regent (2011–2012)
• Italo Righi, Maurizio Rattini, Captains Regent (2012)
• Teodoro Lonfernini, Denise Bronzetti, Captains Regent (2012–2013)
• Antonella Mularoni, Denis Amici, Captains Regent (2013)
• Gian Carlo Capicchioni, Anna Maria Muccioli, Captains Regent (2013–2014)
• Valeria Ciavatta, Luca Beccari, Captains Regent (2014)
• Gianfranco Terenzi, Guerrino Zanotti, Captains Regent (2014–2015)
• Andrea Belluzzi, Roberto Venturini, Captains Regent (2015)
• Lorella Stefanelli, Nicola Renzi, Captains Regent (2015–2016)
• Massimo Andrea Ugolini, Gian Nicola Berti, Captains Regent (2016)
• Marino Riccardi, Fabio Berardi, Captains Regent (2016–present)

• Vatican City

• Sovereign (complete list) –

• John Paul II, Sovereign (1978–2005)
• Benedict XVI, Sovereign (2005–2013)
• Francis, Pope (2013–present)

• President of the Governorate (complete list) –

• Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate (1997–2006)
• Giovanni Lajolo, President of the Governorate (2006–2011)
• Giuseppe Bertello, President of the Governorate (2011–present)

Europe: Southwest

• Andorra

• Episcopal Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince (1971–2003)
• Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-Prince (2003–present)

• French Co-Princes (complete list) –

• Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince (1995–2007)
• Nicolas Sarkozy, French Co-Prince (2007–2012)
• François Hollande, French Co-Prince (2012–2017)
• Emmanuel Macron, French Co-Prince (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Marc Forné Molné, Prime minister (1994–2005)
• Albert Pintat, Prime minister (2005–2009)
• Jaume Bartumeu, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Pere López Agràs, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Antoni Martí, Prime minister (2011–present)

• Portugal

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Jorge Sampaio, President (1996–2006)
• Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President (2006–2016)
• Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President (2016–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• António Guterres, Prime minister (1995–2002)
• José Manuel Barroso, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Pedro Santana Lopes, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• José Sócrates, Prime minister (2005–2011)
• Pedro Passos Coelho, Prime minister (2011–2015)
• António Costa, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Kingdom of Spain

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Juan Carlos I, King (1975–2014)
• Felipe VI, King (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• José María Aznar, Prime minister (1996–2004)
• José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime minister (2004–2011)
• Mariano Rajoy, Prime minister (2011–present)

Europe: West

• Belgium

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Albert II, King (1993–2013)
• Philippe, King (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Guy Verhofstadt, Prime minister (1999–2008)
• Yves Leterme, Prime minister (2008)
• Herman Van Rompuy, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Yves Leterme, Prime minister (2009–2011)
• Elio Di Rupo, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Charles Michel, Prime minister (2014–present)

• France: French Fifth Republic

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Jacques Chirac, President (1995–2007)
• Nicolas Sarkozy, President (2007–2012)
• François Hollande, President (2012–2017)
• Emmanuel Macron, President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lionel Jospin, Prime minister (1997–2002)
• Jean-Pierre Raffarin, Prime minister (2002–2005)
• Dominique de Villepin, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• François Fillon, Prime minister (2007–2012)
• Jean-Marc Ayrault, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Manuel Valls, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Bernard Cazeneuve, Prime minister (2016–2017)
• Édouard Philippe, Prime minister (2017–present)

• Luxembourg

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Henri, Grand Duke (2000–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime minister (1995–2013)
• Xavier Bettel, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Monaco

• Sovereign Prince (complete list) –

• Rainier III, Prince (1949–2005)
• Albert II, Prince (2005–present)

• Minister of State (complete list) –

• Patrick Leclercq, Minister of state (2000–2005)
• Jean-Paul Proust, Minister of state (2005–2010)
• Michel Roger, Minister of state (2010–2015)
• Gilles Tonelli, Acting Minister of state (2015–2016)
• Serge Telle, Minister of State (2016–present)

• Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Beatrix, Queen (1980–2013)
• Willem-Alexander, King (2013–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Wim Kok, Prime minister (1994–2002)
• Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime minister (2002–2010)
• Mark Rutte, Prime minister (2010–present)

Eurasia: Caucasus

• Abkhazia, has limited recognition: Georgia claims Abkhazia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Vladislav Ardzinba, President (1994–2005)
• Valery Arshba, Acting President (2005)
• Sergei Bagapsh, President (2005–2011)
• Alexander Ankvab, President (2011–2014)
• Valeri Bganba, Acting President (2014)
• Raul Khajimba, President (2014–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Viacheslav Tsugba, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Anri Jergenia, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Gennadi Gagulia, Prime minister (2002–2003)
• Raul Khajimba, Prime minister (2003–2004)
• Nodar Khashba, Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Alexander Ankvab, Prime minister (2005–2010)
• Sergei Shamba, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Leonid Lakerbaia, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Vladimir Delba, Acting Prime minister (2014)
• Beslan Butba, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Shamil Adzynba, Acting Prime minister (2015)
• Artur Mikvabia, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Shamil Adzynba, Acting Prime minister (2016)
• Beslan Bartsits, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Armenia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Robert Kocharyan, President (1998–2008)
• Serzh Sargsyan, President (2008–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Andranik Margaryan, Prime minister (2000–2007)
• Serzh Sargsyan, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Tigran Sargsyan, Prime minister (2008–2014)
• Hovik Abrahamyan, Prime minister (2014–2016)
• Karen Karapetyan, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Azerbaijan

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Heydar Aliyev, President (1993–2003)
• Ilham Aliyev, President (2003–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Artur Rasizade, Prime minister (1996–2003)
• Ilham Aliyev, Prime minister (2003)
• Artur Rasizade, Prime minister (2003–present)

• Georgia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Eduard Shevardnadze, President (1992–2003)
• Nino Burjanadze, Acting President (2003–2004)
• Mikheil Saakashvili, President (2004–2007)
• Nino Burjanadze, Acting President (2007–2008)
• Mikheil Saakashvili, President (2008–2013)
• Giorgi Margvelashvili, President (2013–present)

• Heads of government (complete list) –

• Giorgi Arsenishvili, State minister (2000–2001)
• Avtandil Jorbenadze, State minister (2001–2003)
• Zurab Zhvania, State minister (2003–2004), Prime minister (2004–2005)
• Mikheil Saakashvili, Acting President (2005)
• Zurab Noghaideli, Prime minister (2005–2007)
• Giorgi Baramidze, Acting Prime minister (2007)
• Lado Gurgenidze, Prime minister (2007–2008)
• Grigol Mgaloblishvili, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Nika Gilauri, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Vano Merabishvili, Prime minister (2012)
• Bidzina Ivanishvili, Prime minister (2012–2013)
• Irakli Garibashvili, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Giorgi Kvirikashvili, Prime minister (2015–present)

• South Ossetia, has limited recognition: Georgia claims South Ossetia

• Presidents (complete list) –

• Lyudvig Chibirov, Head of state (1993–2001), President (1996–2001)
• Eduard Kokoity, President (2001–2011)
• Vadim Brovtsev, Acting President (2011–2012)
• Leonid Tibilov, President (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Merab Chigoev, Prime minister (1998–2001)
• Dmitry Sanakoyev, Prime minister (2001)
• Gerasim Khugayev, Prime minister (2001–2003)
• Igor Sanakoyev, Prime minister (2003–2005)
• Zurab Kokoyev, Acting Prime minister (2005)
• Yury Morozov, Prime minister (2005–2008)
• Boris Chochiev, Acting Prime minister (2008)
• Aslanbek Bulatsev, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Vadim Brovtsev, Prime minister (2009–2012)
• Rostislav Khugayev, Prime minister (2012–2014)
• Domenty Kulumbegov, Prime minister (2014–present)

Oceania

• Australia

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• John Howard, Prime minister (1996–2007)
• Kevin Rudd, Prime minister (2007–2010)
• Julia Gillard, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Kevin Rudd, Prime minister (2013)
• Tony Abbott, Prime minister (2013–2015)
• Malcolm Turnbull, Prime minister (2015–present)

• Fiji

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Josefa Iloilo, President (2000–2006)
• Frank Bainimarama, Head of the interim military government (2006–2007)
• Josefa Iloilo, President (2007–2009)
• Epeli Nailatikau, President (2009–2015)
• George Konrote, President (2015–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Laisenia Qarase, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Tevita Momoedonu, Acting Prime minister (2001)
• Laisenia Qarase, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• 2006 Fijian coup d'état
• Jona Senilagakali, Acting Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Frank Bainimarama, Acting Prime minister (2007–2014), Prime minister (2014–present)

• Kiribati (complete list) –

• Teburoro Tito, President (1994–2003)
• Tion Otang, Acting President (2003)
• Anote Tong, President (2003–2016)
• Taneti Mamau, President (2016–present)

• Marshall Islands (complete list) –

• Kessai Note, President (2000–2008)
• Litokwa Tomeing, President (2008–2009)
• Ruben Zackhras, Acting President (2009)
• Jurelang Zedkaia, President (2009–2012)
• Christopher Loeak, President (2012–2016)
• Casten Nemra, President (2016)
• Hilda Heine, President (2016–present)

• Federated States of Micronesia (complete list) –

• Leo Falcam, President (1999–2003)
• Joseph J. Urusemal, President (2003–2007)
• Manny Mori, President (2007–2015)
• Peter M. Christian, President (2015–present)

• Nauru (complete list) –

• Bernard Dowiyogo, President (2000–2001)
• René Harris, President (2001–2003)
• Bernard Dowiyogo, President (2003)
• René Harris, President (2003)
• Bernard Dowiyogo, President (2003)
• Derog Gioura, President (2003)
• Ludwig Scotty, President (2003)
• René Harris, President (2003–2004)
• Ludwig Scotty, President (2004–2007)
• Marcus Stephen, President (2007–2011)
• Freddie Pitcher, President (2011)
• Sprent Dabwido, President (2011–2013)
• Baron Waqa, President (2013–present)

• New Zealand

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1952–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Helen Clark, Prime minister (1999–2008)
• John Key, Prime minister (2008–2016)
• Bill English, Prime minister (2016–present)

• Palau (complete list) –

• Kuniwo Nakamura, President (1993–2001)
• Tommy Remengesau Jr., President (2001–2009)
• Johnson Toribiong, President (2009–2013)
• Tommy Remengesau Jr., President (2013–present)

• Papua New Guinea

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1975–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Mekere Morauta, Prime minister (1999–2002)
• Michael Somare, Prime minister (2002–2012)
• Sam Abal, Acting Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Michael Somare, Prime minister (2011)
• Sam Abal, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Peter O'Neill, Prime minister (2011–present)

• Samoa

• Heads of state (complete list) –

• Tufuga Efi, O le Ao o le Malo (2007–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tuilaepa Aiono Sailele Malielegaoi, Prime minister (1998–present)

• Solomon Islands

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1978–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Manasseh Sogavare, Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Allan Kemakeza, Prime minister (2001–2006)
• Snyder Rini, Prime minister (2006)
• Manasseh Sogavare, Prime minister (2006–2007)
• Derek Sikua, Prime minister (2007–2010)
• Danny Philip, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Gordon Darcy Lilo, Prime minister (2011–2014)
• Manasseh Sogavare, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Tonga

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King (1965–2006)
• George Tupou V, King (2006–2012)
• Tupou VI, King (2012–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Tupou VI, then known as ʻAhoʻeitu ʻUnuakiʻotonga Tukuʻaho, Prime minister (2000–2006)
• Feleti Sevele, Prime minister (2006–2010)
• Sialeʻataongo Tuʻivakanō, Prime minister (2010–2014)
• ʻAkilisi Pōhiva, Prime minister (2014–present)

• Tuvalu

• Monarchs (complete list) –

• Elizabeth II, Queen (1978–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Lagitupu Tuilimu, Acting Prime minister (2000–2001)
• Faimalaga Luka, Prime minister (2001)
• Koloa Talake, Prime minister (2001–2002)
• Saufatu Sopoanga, Prime minister (2002–2004)
• Maatia Toafa, Prime minister (2004–2006)
• Apisai Ielemia, Prime minister (2006–2010)
• Maatia Toafa, Prime minister (2010)
• Willy Telavi, Prime minister (2010–2013)
• Enele Sopoaga, Prime minister (2013–present)

• Vanuatu

• Presidents (complete list) –

• John Bani, President (1999–2004)
• Roger Abiut, Acting President (2004)
• Alfred Maseng, President (2004)
• Josias Moli, Acting President (2004)
• Kalkot Mataskelekele, President (2004–2009)
• Maxime Carlot Korman, Acting President (2009)
• Iolu Abil, President (2009–2014)
• Philip Boedoro, Acting President (2014)
• Baldwin Lonsdale, President (2014–2017)
• Esmon Saimon, Acting President (2017–present)

• Prime ministers (complete list) –

• Barak Sopé, Prime minister (1999–2001)
• Edward Natapei, Prime minister (2001–2004)
• Serge Vohor, Prime minister (2004)
• Ham Lini, Prime minister (2004–2008)
• Edward Natapei, Prime minister (2008–2009)
• Serge Vohor, Acting Prime minister (2009)
• Edward Natapei, Prime minister (2009–2010)
• Sato Kilman, Prime minister (2010–2011)
• Serge Vohor, Prime minister (2011)
• Sato Kilman, Prime minister (2011)
• Edward Natapei, Acting Prime minister (2011)
• Sato Kilman, Prime minister (2011–2013)
• Moana Carcasses Kalosil, Prime minister (2013–2014)
• Joe Natuman, Prime minister (2014–2015)
• Sato Kilman, Prime minister (2015–2016)
• Charlot Salwai, Prime minister (2016–present)