ATF6
Template:PBB Activating transcription factor 6, also known as ATF6, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the ATF6 gene[1][2][3] and is involved in the unfolded protein response.
Function
ATF6 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-regulated transmembrane transcription factor that activates the transcription of ER molecules.[4] Accumulation of misfolded proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum results in the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. The cytosolic portion of ATF6 will move to the nucleus and act as a transcription factor to cause the transcription of ER chaperones.
See also
Interactions
ATF6 has been shown to interact with YY1[5] and Serum response factor.[2]
References
- ^ Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (December 1989). "Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers". Genes Dev. 3 (12B): 2083–90. doi:10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083. PMID 2516827.
- ^ a b Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (September 1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. PMC 232347. PMID 9271374.
- ^ Meex SJ, van Greevenbroek MM, Ayoubi TA, Vlietinck R, van Vliet-Ostaptchouk JV, Hofker MH, Vermeulen VM, Schalkwijk CG, Feskens EJ, Boer JM, Stehouwer CD, van der Kallen CJ, de Bruin TW (July 2007). "Activating transcription factor 6 polymorphisms and haplotypes are associated with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes in Dutch Caucasians". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92 (7): 2720–5. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2280. PMID 17440018.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: ATF6 activating transcription factor 6".
- ^ Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS (2000). "ATF6 as a transcription activator of the endoplasmic reticulum stress element: thapsigargin stress-induced changes and synergistic interactions with NF-Y and YY1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (14): 5096–106. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.14.5096-5106.2000. PMC 85959. PMID 10866666.
Further reading
- Hai T, Hartman MG (2001). "The molecular biology and nomenclature of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element binding family of transcription factors: activating transcription factor proteins and homeostasis". Gene. 273 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(01)00551-0. PMID 11483355.
- Hai TW, Liu F, Coukos WJ, Green MR (1990). "Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers". Genes Dev. 3 (12B): 2083–90. doi:10.1101/gad.3.12b.2083. PMID 2516827.
- Zhu C, Johansen FE, Prywes R (1997). "Interaction of ATF6 and serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4957–66. PMC 232347. PMID 9271374.
- Yoshida H, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K (1999). "Identification of the cis-acting endoplasmic reticulum stress response element responsible for transcriptional induction of mammalian glucose-regulated proteins. Involvement of basic leucine zipper transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (50): 33741–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.50.33741. PMID 9837962.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K (1999). "Mammalian Transcription Factor ATF6 Is Synthesized as a Transmembrane Protein and Activated by Proteolysis in Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress". Mol. Biol. Cell. 10 (11): 3787–99. doi:10.1091/mbc.10.11.3787. PMC 25679. PMID 10564271.
- Li M, Baumeister P, Roy B, Phan T, Foti D, Luo S, Lee AS (2000). "ATF6 as a Transcription Activator of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Element: Thapsigargin Stress-Induced Changes and Synergistic Interactions with NF-Y and YY1". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (14): 5096–106. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.14.5096-5106.2000. PMC 85959. PMID 10866666.
- Yoshida H, Okada T, Haze K, Yanagi H, Yura T, Negishi M, Mori K (2001). "Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Formation of Transcription Factor Complex ERSF Including NF-Y (CBF) and Activating Transcription Factors 6α and 6β That Activates the Mammalian Unfolded Protein Response". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (4): 1239–48. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.4.1239-1248.2001. PMC 99577. PMID 11158310.
- Ye J, Rawson RB, Komuro R, Chen X, Davé UP, Prywes R, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2001). "ER stress induces cleavage of membrane-bound ATF6 by the same proteases that process SREBPs". Mol. Cell. 6 (6): 1355–64. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)00133-7. PMID 11163209.
- Parker R, Phan T, Baumeister P, Roy B, Cheriyath V, Roy AL, Lee AS (2001). "Identification of TFII-I as the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response Element Binding Factor ERSF: Its Autoregulation by Stress and Interaction with ATF6". Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 (9): 3220–33. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.9.3220-3233.2001. PMC 86961. PMID 11287625.
- Gotoh T, Oyadomari S, Mori K, Mori M (2002). "Nitric oxide-induced apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway involving ATF6 and CHOP". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 12343–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107988200. PMID 11805088.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Chen X, Shen J, Prywes R (2002). "The luminal domain of ATF6 senses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes translocation of ATF6 from the ER to the Golgi". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (15): 13045–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110636200. PMID 11821395.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Thuerauf DJ, Morrison LE, Hoover H, Glembotski CC (2002). "Coordination of ATF6-mediated transcription and ATF6 degradation by a domain that is shared with the viral transcription factor, VP16". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20734–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201749200. PMID 11909875.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Okada T, Yoshida H, Akazawa R, Negishi M, Mori K (2002). "Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response". Biochem. J. 366 (Pt 2): 585–94. doi:10.1042/BJ20020391. PMC 1222788. PMID 12014989.
- Luo S, Lee AS (2002). "Requirement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway for the induction of the 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein by azetidine stress: activating transcription factor 6 as a target for stress-induced phosphorylation". Biochem. J. 366 (Pt 3): 787–95. doi:10.1042/BJ20011802. PMC 1222838. PMID 12076252.
- Tardif KD, Mori K, Siddiqui A (2002). "Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicons Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activating an Intracellular Signaling Pathway". J. Virol. 76 (15): 7453–9. doi:10.1128/JVI.76.15.7453-7459.2002. PMC 136367. PMID 12097557.
- Shuda M, Kondoh N, Imazeki N, Tanaka K, Okada T, Mori K, Hada A, Arai M, Wakatsuki T, Matsubara O, Yamamoto N, Yamamoto M (2004). "Activation of the ATF6, XBP1 and grp78 genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma: a possible involvement of the ER stress pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis". J. Hepatol. 38 (5): 605–14. doi:10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00029-1. PMID 12713871.
- Okada T, Haze K, Nadanaka S, Yoshida H, Seidah NG, Hirano Y, Sato R, Negishi M, Mori K (2003). "A serine protease inhibitor prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cleavage but not transport of the membrane-bound transcription factor ATF6". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (33): 31024–32. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300923200. PMID 12782636.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - Newman JR, Keating AE (2003). "Comprehensive identification of human bZIP interactions with coiled-coil arrays". Science. 300 (5628): 2097–101. doi:10.1126/science.1084648. PMID 12805554.
External links
- ATF6+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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