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List of MPs elected[edit]

24% of the members elected in the 2019 election were elected for the first time, or were not members of the previous parliament.

Constituency Party of incumbent
before election
Member returned
Aberavon



Stephen Kinnock


Aberconwy
Robin Millar


Previous incumbent, Guto Bebb, did not stand
Aberdeen North



Kirsty Blackman


Aberdeen South



Stephen Flynn


Previous incumbent, Ross Thomson, did not stand
Airdrie and Shotts



Neil Gray


Aldershot



Leo Docherty


Aldridge-Brownhills



Wendy Morton


Altrincham and Sale West



Graham Brady


Alyn and Deeside



Mark Tami


Amber Valley



Nigel Mills


Angus



Dave Doogan


Defeated incumbent, Kirstene Hair
Arfon Plaid Cymru
Hywel Williams
Plaid Cymru
Argyll and Bute



Brendan O'Hara


Arundel and South Downs



Andrew Griffith


Previous incumbent, Nick Herbert, did not stand
Ashfield



Lee Anderson
Reform UK Previous incumbent, Gloria de Piero, did not stand. Elected as Conservative MP, whip suspended in 2024. Defected to Reform UK on 11 March 2024.
Ashford



Damian Green


Ashton-under-Lyne



Angela Rayner


Aylesbury



Rob Butler


Previous incumbent, David Lidington, did not stand
Ayr, Carrick and Cumnock



Allan Dorans


Previous incumbent, Bill Grant, did not stand
Banbury



Victoria Prentis


Banff and Buchan



David Duguid


Barking



Margaret Hodge


Barnsley Central



Dan Jarvis



Barnsley East



Stephanie Peacock



Barrow and Furness Independent (The Independents)[a]
Simon Fell


Previous incumbent, John Woodcock, did not stand
Basildon and Billericay



John Baron


Basingstoke



Maria Miller


Bassetlaw Vacant[b]
Brendan Clarke-Smith


Previous incumbent, John Mann, did not stand
Bath Liberal Democrats
Wera Hobhouse
Liberal Democrats
Batley and Spen Labour Co-operative
Tracy Brabin
Labour Co-operative
Battersea



Marsha de Cordova


Beaconsfield Independent[c]
Joy Morrissey


Defeated incumbent, Dominic Grieve
Beckenham



Bob Stewart


Bedford



Mohammad Yasin


Belfast East DUP
Gavin Robinson
DUP
Belfast North DUP
John Finucane
Sinn Féin Defeated incumbent, Nigel Dodds
Belfast South DUP
Claire Hanna
SDLP Defeated incumbent, Emma Little-Pengelly
Belfast West Sinn Féin
Paul Maskey
Sinn Féin
Bermondsey and Old Southwark



Neil Coyle


Berwick-upon-Tweed



Anne-Marie Trevelyan


Berwickshire, Roxburgh and Selkirk



John Lamont


Bethnal Green and Bow



Rushanara Ali


Beverley and Holderness



Graham Stuart


Bexhill and Battle



Huw Merriman


Bexleyheath and Crayford



David Evennett


Birkenhead Birkenhead Social Justice[b]
Mick Whitley


Defeated incumbent, Frank Field
Birmingham Edgbaston Labour Co-operative
Preet Gill
Labour Co-operative
Birmingham Erdington



Jack Dromey


Birmingham Hall Green



Tahir Ali


Defeated incumbent, Roger Godsiff
Birmingham Hodge Hill



Liam Byrne


Birmingham Ladywood



Shabana Mahmood


Birmingham Northfield



Gary Sambrook


Defeated incumbent, Richard Burden
Birmingham Perry Barr



Khalid Mahmood


Birmingham Selly Oak



Steve McCabe


Birmingham Yardley



Jess Phillips


Bishop Auckland



Dehenna Davison


Defeated incumbent, Helen Goodman
Blackburn



Kate Hollern


Blackley and Broughton



Graham Stringer


Blackpool North and Cleveleys



Paul Maynard


Blackpool South



Scott Benton


Defeated incumbent, Gordon Marsden
Blaenau Gwent



Nick Smith


Blaydon



Liz Twist


Blyth Valley



Ian Levy


Previous incumbent, Ronnie Campbell, did not stand
Bognor Regis and Littlehampton



Nick Gibb


Bolsover



Mark Fletcher


Defeated incumbent, Dennis Skinner
Bolton North East



Mark Logan


Defeated incumbent, David Crausby
Bolton South East



Yasmin Qureshi


Bolton West



Chris Green


Bootle



Peter Dowd


Boston and Skegness



Matt Warman


Bosworth



Luke Evans


Previous incumbent, David Tredinnick, did not stand
Bournemouth East



Tobias Ellwood


Bournemouth West



Conor Burns


Bracknell Liberal Democrats[c]
James Sunderland


Previous incumbent, Phillip Lee, did not stand
Bradford East



Imran Hussain


Bradford South



Judith Cummins


Bradford West



Naseem Shah


Braintree



James Cleverly


Brecon and Radnorshire Liberal Democrats[d]
Fay Jones


Defeated incumbent, Jane Dodds
Brent Central



Dawn Butler


Brent North



Barry Gardiner


Brentford and Isleworth



Ruth Cadbury


Brentwood and Ongar



Alex Burghart


Bridgend



Jamie Wallis


Defeated incumbent, Madeleine Moon
Bridgwater and West Somerset



Ian Liddell-Grainger


Brigg and Goole



Andrew Percy


Brighton Kemptown Labour Co-operative
Lloyd Russell-Moyle
Labour Co-operative
Brighton Pavilion Green
Caroline Lucas
Green
Bristol East



Kerry McCarthy


Bristol North West



Darren Jones


Bristol South



Karin Smyth


Bristol West



Thangam Debbonaire


Broadland



Jerome Mayhew


Previous incumbent, Keith Simpson, did not stand
Bromley and Chislehurst



Bob Neill


Bromsgrove



Sajid Javid


Broxbourne



Charles Walker


Broxtowe Change UK[c]
Darren Henry


Defeated incumbent, Anna Soubry
Buckingham Vacant[e]
Greg Smith


Previous incumbent, John Bercow, did not stand
Burnley



Antony Higginbotham


Defeated incumbent, Julie Cooper
Burton



Kate Kniveton


Previous incumbent, Andrew Griffiths, did not stand
Bury North



James Daly


Defeated incumbent, James Frith
Bury South Independent[b]
Christian Wakeford


Defeated incumbent, Ivan Lewis
Bury St Edmunds



Jo Churchill


Caerphilly



Wayne David


Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross Liberal Democrats
Jamie Stone
Liberal Democrats
Calder Valley



Craig Whittaker


Camberwell and Peckham



Harriet Harman


Camborne and Redruth



George Eustice


Cambridge



Daniel Zeichner


Cannock Chase



Amanda Milling


Canterbury



Rosie Duffield


Cardiff Central



Jo Stevens


Cardiff North



Anna McMorrin


Cardiff South and Penarth Labour Co-operative
Stephen Doughty
Labour Co-operative
Cardiff West



Kevin Brennan


Carlisle



John Stevenson


Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Plaid Cymru
Jonathan Edwards
Plaid Cymru
Carmarthen West and South Pembrokeshire



Simon Hart


Carshalton and Wallington Liberal Democrats
Elliot Colburn


Defeated incumbent, Tom Brake
Castle Point



Rebecca Harris


Central Ayrshire



Philippa Whitford


Central Devon



Mel Stride


Central Suffolk and North Ipswich



Dan Poulter


Ceredigion Plaid Cymru
Ben Lake
Plaid Cymru
Charnwood



Edward Argar


Chatham and Aylesford



Tracey Crouch


Cheadle



Mary Robinson


Chelmsford



Vicky Ford


Chelsea and Fulham



Greg Hands


Cheltenham



Alex Chalk


Chesham and Amersham



Cheryl Gillan


Chesterfield



Toby Perkins


Chichester



Gillian Keegan


Chingford and Woodford Green



Iain Duncan Smith


Chippenham



Michelle Donelan


Chipping Barnet



Theresa Villiers


Chorley Speaker[b]
Lindsay Hoyle
Speaker
Christchurch



Christopher Chope


Cities of London and Westminster



Nickie Aiken


Previous incumbent, Mark Field, did not stand
City of Chester



Chris Matheson


City of Durham



Mary Foy


Previous incumbent, Roberta Blackman-Woods, did not stand
Clacton



Giles Watling


Cleethorpes



Martin Vickers


Clwyd South



Simon Baynes


Defeated incumbent, Susan Elan Jones
Clwyd West



David Jones


Coatbridge, Chryston and Bellshill



Steven Bonnar


Defeated incumbent, Hugh Gaffney
Colchester



Will Quince


Colne Valley



Jason McCartney


Defeated incumbent, Thelma Walker
Congleton



Fiona Bruce


Copeland



Trudy Harrison


Corby



Tom Pursglove


Coventry North East



Colleen Fletcher


Coventry North West



Taiwo Owatemi


Previous incumbent, Geoffrey Robinson, did not stand
Coventry South



Zarah Sultana


Previous incumbent, Jim Cunningham, did not stand
Crawley



Henry Smith


Crewe and Nantwich



Kieran Mullan


Defeated incumbent, Laura Smith
Croydon Central



Sarah Jones


Croydon North Labour Co-operative
Steve Reed
Labour Co-operative
Croydon South



Chris Philp


Cumbernauld, Kilsyth and Kirkintilloch East



Stuart McDonald


Cynon Valley



Beth Winter


Previous incumbent, Ann Clwyd, did not stand
Dagenham and Rainham



Jon Cruddas


Darlington



Peter Gibson


Defeated incumbent, Jenny Chapman
Dartford



Gareth Johnson


Daventry



Chris Heaton-Harris


Delyn



Rob Roberts


Defeated incumbent, David Hanson
Denton and Reddish



Andrew Gwynne


Derby North Independent[b]
Amanda Solloway


Defeated incumbent, Chris Williamson
Derby South



Margaret Beckett


Derbyshire Dales



Sarah Dines


Previous incumbent, Patrick McLoughlin, did not stand
Devizes



Danny Kruger


Previous incumbent, Claire Perry, did not stand
Dewsbury



Mark Eastwood


Defeated incumbent, Paula Sherriff
Don Valley



Nicholas Fletcher


Defeated incumbent, Caroline Flint
Doncaster Central



Rosie Winterton


Doncaster North



Ed Miliband


Dover Independent[c]
Natalie Elphicke


Previous incumbent, Charlie Elphicke, did not stand
Dudley North Independent[b]
Marco Longhi


Previous incumbent, Ian Austin, did not stand
Dudley South



Mike Wood


Dulwich and West Norwood



Helen Hayes


Dumfries and Galloway



Alister Jack


Dumfriesshire, Clydesdale and Tweeddale



David Mundell


Dundee East



Stewart Hosie


Dundee West



Chris Law


Dunfermline and West Fife



Douglas Chapman


Dwyfor Meirionnydd Plaid Cymru
Liz Saville-Roberts
Plaid Cymru
Ealing Central and Acton



Rupa Huq


Ealing North



James Murray
Labour Co-operative Previous incumbent, Stephen Pound, did not stand
Ealing Southall



Virendra Sharma


Easington



Grahame Morris


East Antrim DUP
Sammy Wilson
DUP
East Devon



Simon Jupp


Previous incumbent, Hugo Swire, did not stand
East Dunbartonshire Liberal Democrats
Amy Callaghan


Defeated incumbent, Jo Swinson
East Ham



Stephen Timms


East Hampshire



Damian Hinds


East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow



Lisa Cameron


East Londonderry DUP
Gregory Campbell
DUP
East Lothian



Kenny MacAskill


Defeated incumbent, Martin Whitfield
East Renfrewshire



Kirsten Oswald


Defeated incumbent, Paul Masterton
East Surrey Liberal Democrats[c]
Claire Coutinho


Previous incumbent, Sam Gyimah, did not stand
East Worthing and Shoreham



Tim Loughton


East Yorkshire



Greg Knight


Eastbourne Liberal Democrats
Caroline Ansell


Defeated incumbent, Stephen Lloyd
Eastleigh



Paul Holmes


Previous incumbent, Mims Davies, stood for Mid Sussex
Eddisbury Liberal Democrats[c]
Edward Timpson


Defeated incumbent, Antoinette Sandbach
Edinburgh East



Tommy Sheppard


Edinburgh North and Leith



Deidre Brock


Edinburgh South



Ian Murray


Edinburgh South West



Joanna Cherry


Edinburgh West Liberal Democrats
Christine Jardine
Liberal Democrats
Edmonton Labour Co-operative
Kate Osamor
Labour Co-operative
Ellesmere Port and Neston



Justin Madders


Elmet and Rothwell



Alec Shelbrooke


Eltham



Clive Efford


Enfield North Change UK[b]
Feryal Clark


Previous incumbent, Joan Ryan, did not stand
Enfield Southgate



Bambos Charalambous


Epping Forest



Eleanor Laing


Epsom and Ewell



Chris Grayling


Erewash



Maggie Throup


Erith and Thamesmead



Abena Oppong-Asare


Previous incumbent, Teresa Pearce, did not stand
Esher and Walton



Dominic Raab


Exeter



Ben Bradshaw


Falkirk



John McNally


Fareham



Suella Braverman


Faversham and Mid Kent



Helen Whately


Feltham and Heston Labour Co-operative
Seema Malhotra
Labour Co-operative
Fermanagh and South Tyrone Sinn Féin
Michelle Gildernew
Sinn Féin
Filton and Bradley Stoke



Jack Lopresti


Finchley and Golders Green


Mike Freer


Folkestone and Hythe



Damian Collins


Forest of Dean



Mark Harper


Foyle Sinn Féin
Colum Eastwood
SDLP Defeated incumbent, Elisha McCallion
Fylde



Mark Menzies


Gainsborough



Edward Leigh


Garston and Halewood



Maria Eagle


Gateshead



Ian Mearns


Gedling



Tom Randall


Defeated incumbent, Vernon Coaker
Gillingham and Rainham



Rehman Chishti


Glasgow Central



Alison Thewliss


Glasgow East



David Linden


Glasgow North



Patrick Grady


Glasgow North East Labour Co-operative
Anne McLaughlin


Defeated incumbent, Paul Sweeney
Glasgow North West



Carol Monaghan


Glasgow South



Stewart McDonald


Glasgow South West



Chris Stephens


Glenrothes



Peter Grant


Gloucester



Richard Graham


Gordon



Richard Thomson


Defeated incumbent, Colin Clark
Gosport



Caroline Dinenage


Gower



Tonia Antoniazzi


Grantham and Stamford Independent[c]
Gareth Davies


Previous incumbent, Nick Boles, did not stand
Gravesham



Adam Holloway


Great Grimsby



Lia Nici


Defeated incumbent, Melanie Onn
Great Yarmouth



Brandon Lewis


Greenwich and Woolwich



Matthew Pennycook


Guildford Independent[c]
Angela Richardson


Defeated incumbent, Anne Milton
Hackney North and Stoke Newington



Diane Abbott


Hackney South and Shoreditch Labour Co-operative
Meg Hillier
Labour Co-operative
Halesowen and Rowley Regis



James Morris


Halifax



Holly Lynch


Haltemprice and Howden



David Davis


Halton



Derek Twigg


Hammersmith



Andrew Slaughter


Hampstead and Kilburn



Tulip Siddiq


Harborough



Neil O'Brien


Harlow



Robert Halfon


Harrogate and Knaresborough



Andrew Jones


Harrow East



Bob Blackman


Harrow West Labour Co-operative
Gareth Thomas
Labour Co-operative
Hartlepool



Mike Hill


Harwich and North Essex



Bernard Jenkin


Hastings and Rye Independent[c]
Sally-Ann Hart


Previous incumbent, Amber Rudd, did not stand
Havant



Alan Mak


Hayes and Harlington



John McDonnell


Hazel Grove



William Wragg


Hemel Hempstead



Mike Penning


Hemsworth



Jon Trickett


Hendon



Matthew Offord


Henley



John Howell


Hereford and South Herefordshire



Jesse Norman


Hertford and Stortford



Julie Marson


Previous incumbent, Mark Prisk, did not stand
Hertsmere



Oliver Dowden


Hexham



Guy Opperman


Heywood and Middleton



Chris Clarkson


Defeated incumbent, Liz McInnes
High Peak



Robert Largan


Defeated incumbent, Ruth George
Hitchin and Harpenden



Bim Afolami


Holborn and St Pancras



Keir Starmer


Hornchurch and Upminster



Julia Lopez


Hornsey and Wood Green



Catherine West


Horsham



Jeremy Quin


Houghton and Sunderland South



Bridget Phillipson


Hove



Peter Kyle


Huddersfield Labour Co-operative
Barry Sheerman
Labour Co-operative
Huntingdon



Jonathan Djanogly


Hyndburn



Sara Britcliffe


Defeated incumbent, Graham Jones
Ilford North



Wes Streeting


Ilford South Change UK[a]
Sam Tarry


Defeated incumbent, Mike Gapes
Inverclyde



Ronnie Cowan


Inverness, Nairn, Badenoch and Strathspey



Drew Hendry


Ipswich



Tom Hunt


Defeated incumbent, Sandy Martin
Isle of Wight



Bob Seely


Islington North



Jeremy Corbyn


Islington South and Finsbury



Emily Thornberry


Islwyn Labour Co-operative
Chris Evans
Labour Co-operative
Jarrow Independent[b]
Kate Osborne


Previous incumbent, Stephen Hepburn, did not stand
Keighley



Robbie Moore


Defeated incumbent, John Grogan
Kenilworth and Southam



Jeremy Wright


Kensington



Felicity Buchan


Defeated incumbent, Emma Dent Coad
Kettering



Philip Hollobone


Kilmarnock and Loudoun



Alan Brown


Kingston and Surbiton Liberal Democrats
Edward Davey
Liberal Democrats
Kingston upon Hull East



Karl Turner


Kingston upon Hull North



Diana Johnson


Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle



Emma Hardy


Kingswood



Chris Skidmore


Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath



Neale Hanvey

[f]

Defeated incumbent, Lesley Laird
Knowsley



George Howarth


Lagan Valley DUP
Jeffrey Donaldson
DUP
Lanark and Hamilton East



Angela Crawley


Lancaster and Fleetwood



Cat Smith


Leeds Central



Hilary Benn


Leeds East



Richard Burgon


Leeds North East



Fabian Hamilton


Leeds North West Labour Co-operative
Alex Sobel
Labour Co-operative
Leeds West



Rachel Reeves


Leicester East
Claudia Webbe


Previous incumbent, Keith Vaz, did not stand
Leicester South Labour Co-operative
Jon Ashworth
Labour Co-operative
Leicester West



Liz Kendall


Leigh Labour Co-operative
James Grundy


Defeated incumbent, Joanne Platt
Lewes



Maria Caulfield


Lewisham East



Janet Daby


Lewisham West and Penge



Ellie Reeves


Lewisham Deptford



Vicky Foxcroft


Leyton and Wanstead



John Cryer


Lichfield



Michael Fabricant


Lincoln



Karl McCartney


Defeated incumbent, Karen Lee
Linlithgow and East Falkirk



Martyn Day


Liverpool Riverside Independent[a]
Kim Johnson


Previous incumbent, Louise Ellman, did not stand
Liverpool Walton



Dan Carden


Liverpool Wavertree Liberal Democrats[a]
Paula Barker


Previous incumbent, Luciana Berger, did not stand
Liverpool West Derby Labour Co-operative
Ian Byrne


Previous incumbent, Stephen Twigg, did not stand
Livingston



Hannah Bardell


Llanelli



Nia Griffith


Loughborough



Jane Hunt


Previous incumbent, Nicky Morgan, did not stand
Louth and Horncastle



Victoria Atkins


Ludlow



Philip Dunne


Luton North Independent[b]
Sarah Owen


Previous incumbent, Kelvin Hopkins, did not stand
Luton South Independent (The Independents)[a]
Rachel Hopkins


Defeated incumbent, Gavin Shuker
Macclesfield



David Rutley


Maidenhead



Theresa May


Maidstone and The Weald



Helen Grant


Makerfield



Yvonne Fovargue


Maldon



John Whittingdale


Manchester Central Labour Co-operative
Lucy Powell
Labour Co-operative
Manchester Gorton



Afzal Khan


Manchester Withington



Jeff Smith


Mansfield



Ben Bradley


Meon Valley



Flick Drummond


Previous incumbent, George Hollingbery, did not stand
Meriden



Saqib Bhatti


Previous incumbent, Caroline Spelman, did not stand
Merthyr Tydfil and Rhymney



Gerald Jones


Mid Bedfordshire



Nadine Dorries


Mid Derbyshire



Pauline Latham


Mid Dorset and North Poole



Michael Tomlinson


Mid Norfolk



George Freeman


Mid Sussex



Mims Davies


Previous incumbent, Nicholas Soames, did not stand. Davies was previously MP for Eastleigh
Mid Ulster Sinn Féin
Francie Molloy
Sinn Féin
Mid Worcestershire



Nigel Huddleston


Middlesbrough



Andy McDonald


Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland



Simon Clarke


Midlothian



Owen Thompson


Defeated incumbent, Danielle Rowley
Milton Keynes North



Ben Everitt


Previous incumbent, Mark Lancaster, did not stand
Milton Keynes South



Iain Stewart


Mitcham and Morden



Siobhain McDonagh


Mole Valley


Paul Beresford


Monmouth



David Davies


Montgomeryshire



Craig Williams


Previous incumbent, Glyn Davies, did not stand
Moray



Douglas Ross


Morecambe and Lunesdale



David Morris


Morley and Outwood



Andrea Jenkyns


Motherwell and Wishaw



Marion Fellows


Na h-Eileanan an Iar



Angus MacNeil


Neath Labour Co-operative
Christina Rees
Labour Co-operative
New Forest East



Julian Lewis


New Forest West



Desmond Swayne


Newark



Robert Jenrick


Newbury



Laura Farris


Previous incumbent, Richard Benyon, did not stand
Newcastle upon Tyne Central



Chi Onwurah


Newcastle upon Tyne East



Nick Brown


Newcastle upon Tyne North



Catherine McKinnell


Newcastle-under-Lyme



Aaron Bell


Previous incumbent, Paul Farrelly, did not stand
Newport East



Jessica Morden


Newport West



Ruth Jones


Newry and Armagh Sinn Féin
Mickey Brady
Sinn Féin
Newton Abbot



Anne Marie Morris


Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford



Yvette Cooper


North Antrim DUP
Ian Paisley
DUP
North Ayrshire and Arran



Patricia Gibson


North Cornwall



Scott Mann


North Devon



Selaine Saxby


Previous incumbent, Peter Heaton-Jones, did not stand
North Dorset



Simon Hoare


North Down Independent
Stephen Farry
Alliance Previous incumbent, Sylvia Hermon, did not stand
North Durham



Kevan Jones


North East Bedfordshire



Richard Fuller


Previous incumbent, Alistair Burt, did not stand
North East Cambridgeshire



Steve Barclay


North East Derbyshire



Lee Rowley


North East Fife



Wendy Chamberlain
Liberal Democrats Defeated incumbent, Stephen Gethins
North East Hampshire



Ranil Jayawardena


North East Hertfordshire



Oliver Heald


North East Somerset



Jacob Rees-Mogg


North Herefordshire



Bill Wiggin


North Norfolk Liberal Democrats
Duncan Baker


Previous incumbent, Norman Lamb, did not stand
North Shropshire



Owen Paterson


North Somerset



Liam Fox


North Swindon



Justin Tomlinson


North Thanet



Roger Gale


North Tyneside



Mary Glindon


North Warwickshire



Craig Tracey


North West Cambridgeshire



Shailesh Vara


North West Durham



Richard Holden


Defeated incumbent, Laura Pidcock
North West Hampshire



Kit Malthouse


North West Leicestershire



Andrew Bridgen


North West Norfolk



James Wild


Previous incumbent, Henry Bellingham, did not stand
North Wiltshire



James Gray


Northampton North



Michael Ellis


Northampton South



Andrew Lewer


Norwich North



Chloe Smith


Norwich South



Clive Lewis


Nottingham East Change UK[a]
Nadia Whittome


Defeated incumbent, Chris Leslie
Nottingham North Labour Co-operative
Alex Norris
Labour Co-operative
Nottingham South



Lilian Greenwood


Nuneaton



Marcus Jones


Ochil and South Perthshire



John Nicolson


Defeated incumbent, Luke Graham
Ogmore



Chris Elmore


Old Bexley and Sidcup



James Brokenshire


Oldham East and Saddleworth



Debbie Abrahams


Oldham West and Royton Labour Co-operative
Jim McMahon
Labour Co-operative
Orkney and Shetland Liberal Democrats
Alistair Carmichael
Liberal Democrats
Orpington



Gareth Bacon


Previous incumbent, Jo Johnson, did not stand
Oxford East Labour Co-operative
Anneliese Dodds
Labour Co-operative
Oxford West and Abingdon Liberal Democrats
Layla Moran
Liberal Democrats
Paisley and Renfrewshire North



Gavin Newlands


Paisley and Renfrewshire South



Mhairi Black


Pendle



Andrew Stephenson


Penistone and Stocksbridge Liberal Democrats[b]
Miriam Cates


Previous incumbent, Angela Smith, did not stand
Penrith and The Border Independent[c]
Neil Hudson


Previous incumbent, Rory Stewart, did not stand
Perth and North Perthshire



Pete Wishart


Peterborough



Paul Bristow


Defeated incumbent, Lisa Forbes
Plymouth Moor View



Johnny Mercer


Plymouth Sutton and Devonport Labour Co-operative
Luke Pollard
Labour Co-operative
Pontypridd



Alex Davies-Jones


Previous incumbent, Owen Smith, did not stand
Poole



Robert Syms


Poplar and Limehouse



Apsana Begum


Previous incumbent, Jim Fitzpatrick, did not stand
Portsmouth North



Penny Mordaunt


Portsmouth South



Stephen Morgan


Preseli Pembrokeshire



Stephen Crabb


Preston Labour Co-operative
Mark Hendrick
Labour Co-operative
Pudsey



Stuart Andrew


Putney Independent[c]
Fleur Anderson


Previous incumbent, Justine Greening, did not stand
Rayleigh and Wickford



Mark Francois


Reading East



Matt Rodda


Reading West



Alok Sharma


Redcar Labour Co-operative
Jacob Young


Defeated incumbent, Anna Turley
Redditch



Rachel Maclean


Reigate



Crispin Blunt


Rhondda



Chris Bryant


Ribble Valley



Nigel Evans


Richmond (Yorks)



Rishi Sunak


Richmond Park



Sarah Olney
Liberal Democrats Defeated incumbent, Zac Goldsmith
Rochdale



Tony Lloyd


Rochester and Strood



Kelly Tolhurst


Rochford and Southend East



James Duddridge


Romford



Andrew Rosindell


Romsey and Southampton North



Caroline Nokes


Ross, Skye and Lochaber



Ian Blackford


Rossendale and Darwen



Jake Berry


Rother Valley



Alexander Stafford


Previous incumbent, Kevin Barron, did not stand
Rotherham



Sarah Champion


Rugby



Mark Pawsey


Ruislip, Northwood and Pinner



David Simmonds


Previous incumbent, Nick Hurd, did not stand
Runnymede and Weybridge Independent[c]
Ben Spencer


Previous incumbent, Philip Hammond, did not stand
Rushcliffe Independent[c]
Ruth Edwards


Previous incumbent, Ken Clarke, did not stand
Rutherglen and Hamilton West Labour Co-operative
Margaret Ferrier


Defeated incumbent, Gerard Killen
Rutland and Melton



Alicia Kearns


Previous incumbent, Alan Duncan, did not stand
Saffron Walden



Kemi Badenoch


Salford and Eccles



Rebecca Long-Bailey


Salisbury



John Glen


Scarborough and Whitby



Robert Goodwill


Scunthorpe



Holly Mumby-Croft


Defeated incumbent, Nic Dakin
Sedgefield



Paul Howell


Defeated incumbent, Phil Wilson
Sefton Central



Bill Esterson


Selby and Ainsty



Nigel Adams


Sevenoaks



Laura Trott


Previous incumbent, Michael Fallon, did not stand
Sheffield Central



Paul Blomfield


Sheffield South East



Clive Betts


Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough



Gill Furniss


Sheffield Hallam Independent[b]
Olivia Blake


Previous incumbent, Jared O'Mara, did not stand
Sheffield Heeley



Louise Haigh


Sherwood



Mark Spencer


Shipley



Philip Davies


Shrewsbury and Atcham



Daniel Kawczynski


Sittingbourne and Sheppey



Gordon Henderson


Skipton and Ripon



Julian Smith


Sleaford and North Hykeham



Caroline Johnson


Slough



Tanmanjeet Dhesi


Solihull



Julian Knight


Somerton and Frome



David Warburton


South Antrim DUP
Paul Girvan
DUP
South Basildon and East Thurrock



Stephen Metcalfe


South Cambridgeshire Liberal Democrats[c]
Anthony Browne


Previous incumbent, Heidi Allen, did not stand
South Derbyshire



Heather Wheeler


South Dorset



Richard Drax


South Down Sinn Féin
Chris Hazzard
Sinn Féin
South East Cambridgeshire



Lucy Frazer


South East Cornwall



Sheryll Murray


South Holland and The Deepings



John Hayes


South Leicestershire



Alberto Costa


South Norfolk



Richard Bacon


South Northamptonshire



Andrea Leadsom


South Ribble



Katherine Fletcher


Previous incumbent, Seema Kennedy, did not stand
South Shields



Emma Lewell-Buck


South Staffordshire



Gavin Williamson


South Suffolk



James Cartlidge


South Swindon



Robert Buckland


South Thanet



Craig Mackinlay


South West Bedfordshire



Andrew Selous


South West Devon



Gary Streeter


South West Hertfordshire Independent[c]
Gagan Mohindra


Defeated incumbent, David Gauke
South West Norfolk



Liz Truss


South West Surrey



Jeremy Hunt


South West Wiltshire



Andrew Murrison


Southampton Itchen



Royston Smith


Southampton Test



Alan Whitehead


Southend West



David Amess


Southport



Damien Moore


Spelthorne



Kwasi Kwarteng


St Albans



Daisy Cooper
Liberal Democrats Defeated incumbent, Anne Main
St Austell and Newquay



Steve Double


St Helens North



Conor McGinn


St Helens South and Whiston



Marie Rimmer


St Ives



Derek Thomas


Stafford



Theo Clarke


Previous incumbent, Jeremy Lefroy, did not stand
Staffordshire Moorlands



Karen Bradley


Stalybridge and Hyde Labour Co-operative
Jonathan Reynolds
Labour Co-operative
Stevenage



Stephen McPartland


Stirling



Alyn Smith


Defeated incumbent, Stephen Kerr
Stockport Change UK[b]

Navendu Mishra


Previous incumbent, Ann Coffey, did not stand
Stockton North


Alex Cunningham


Stockton South


Matt Vickers


Defeated incumbent, Paul Williams
Stoke-on-Trent Central Labour Co-operative

Jo Gideon


Defeated incumbent, Gareth Snell
Stoke-on-Trent North


Jonathan Gullis


Defeated incumbent, Ruth Smeeth
Stoke-on-Trent South


Jack Brereton


Stone


Bill Cash


Stourbridge


Suzanne Webb


Previous incumbent, Margot James, did not stand
Strangford DUP

Jim Shannon

DUP
Stratford-on-Avon


Nadhim Zahawi


Streatham Liberal Democrats[b]

Bell Ribeiro-Addy


Previous incumbent, Chuka Umunna, did not stand
Stretford and Urmston


Kate Green


Stroud Labour Co-operative

Siobhan Baillie


Defeated incumbent, David Drew
Suffolk Coastal


Therese Coffey


Sunderland Central


Julie Elliott


Surrey Heath


Michael Gove


Sutton and Cheam


Paul Scully


Sutton Coldfield


Andrew Mitchell


Swansea East


Carolyn Harris


Swansea West Labour Co-operative

Geraint Davies

Labour Co-operative
Tamworth


Chris Pincher


Tatton


Esther McVey


Taunton Deane


Rebecca Pow


Telford


Lucy Allan


Tewkesbury


Laurence Robertson


The Cotswolds


Geoffrey Clifton-Brown


The Wrekin


Mark Pritchard


Thirsk and Malton


Kevin Hollinrake


Thornbury and Yate


Luke Hall


Thurrock


Jackie Doyle-Price


Tiverton and Honiton


Neil Parish


Tonbridge and Malling


Thomas Tugendhat


Tooting


Rosena Allin-Khan


Torbay


Kevin Foster


Torfaen


Nick Thomas-Symonds


Torridge and West Devon


Geoffrey Cox


Totnes Liberal Democrats[c]

Anthony Mangnall


Defeated incumbent, Sarah Wollaston
Tottenham


David Lammy


Truro and Falmouth


Cherilyn Mackrory


Previous incumbent, Sarah Newton, did not stand
Tunbridge Wells


Greg Clark


Twickenham Liberal Democrats

Munira Wilson

Liberal Democrats Previous incumbent, Vince Cable, did not stand
Tynemouth


Alan Campbell


Upper Bann DUP

Carla Lockhart

DUP Previous incumbent, David Simpson, did not stand
Uxbridge and South Ruislip


Boris Johnson


Vale of Clwyd


James Davies


Defeated incumbent, Chris Ruane
Vale of Glamorgan


Alun Cairns


Vauxhall


Florence Eshalomi

Labour Co-operative Previous incumbent, Kate Hoey, did not stand
Wakefield


Imran Ahmad Khan


Defeated incumbent, Mary Creagh
Wallasey


Angela Eagle


Walsall North


Eddie Hughes


Walsall South


Valerie Vaz


Walthamstow Labour Co-operative

Stella Creasy

Labour Co-operative
Wansbeck


Ian Lavery


Wantage


David Johnston


Previous incumbent, Ed Vaizey, did not stand
Warley


John Spellar


Warrington North


Charlotte Nichols


Previous incumbent, Helen Jones, did not stand
Warrington South


Andy Carter


Defeated incumbent, Faisal Rashid
Warwick and Leamington


Matt Western


Washington and Sunderland West


Sharon Hodgson


Watford


Dean Russell


Previous incumbent, Richard Harrington, did not stand
Waveney


Peter Aldous


Wealden


Nus Ghani


Weaver Vale


Mike Amesbury


Wellingborough


Peter Bone


Wells


James Heappey


Welwyn Hatfield


Grant Shapps


Wentworth and Dearne


John Healey


West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine


Andrew Bowie


West Bromwich East


Nicola Richards


Previous incumbent, Tom Watson, did not stand
West Bromwich West Labour Co-operative

Shaun Bailey


Previous incumbent, Adrian Bailey, did not stand
West Dorset Independent[c]
Chris Loder


Previous incumbent, Oliver Letwin, did not stand
West Dunbartonshire


Martin Docherty-Hughes


West Ham



Lyn Brown


West Lancashire



Rosie Cooper


West Suffolk


Matthew Hancock


West Tyrone Sinn Féin

Órfhlaith Begley

Sinn Féin
West Worcestershire



Harriett Baldwin


Westminster North



Karen Buck


Westmorland and Lonsdale Liberal Democrats
Tim Farron
Liberal Democrats
Weston-Super-Mare



John Penrose


Wigan



Lisa Nandy


Wimbledon



Stephen Hammond


Winchester



Steve Brine


Windsor



Adam Afriyie


Wirral South



Alison McGovern


Wirral West



Margaret Greenwood


Witham



Priti Patel


Witney



Robert Courts


Woking



Jonathan Lord


Wokingham



John Redwood


Wolverhampton North East



Jane Stevenson


Defeated incumbent, Emma Reynolds
Wolverhampton South East



Pat McFadden


Wolverhampton South West



Stuart Anderson


Defeated incumbent, Eleanor Smith
Worcester



Robin Walker


Workington



Mark Jenkinson


Defeated incumbent, Sue Hayman
Worsley and Eccles South



Barbara Keeley


Worthing West



Peter Bottomley


Wrexham



Sarah Atherton


Previous incumbent, Ian Lucas, did not stand
Wycombe



Steven Baker


Wyre and Preston North



Ben Wallace


Wyre Forest



Mark Garnier


Wythenshawe and Sale East



Mike Kane


Yeovil



Marcus Fysh


Ynys Môn



Virginia Crosbie


Previous incumbent, Albert Owen, did not stand
York Central Labour Co-operative
Rachael Maskell
Labour Co-operative
York Outer



Julian Sturdy


Source:[2]

By-elections[edit]

Constituency Date Incumbent Party Winner Party Cause
Hartlepool 6 May 2021[3] Mike Hill Labour
Jill Mortimer
Conservative Resignation following allegations of sexual harassment and victimisation[4]
Airdrie and Shotts 13 May 2021[5] Neil Gray SNP
Anum Qaisar[6]
SNP Resignation to contest the seat of Airdrie and Shotts in the Scottish Parliament
Chesham and Amersham 17 June 2021[7] Cheryl Gillan Conservative
Sarah Green
Liberal Democrats Death of incumbent[8]
Batley and Spen 1 July 2021[9] Tracy Brabin Labour
Kim Leadbeater
Labour Election of incumbent as Mayor of West Yorkshire[10]
Old Bexley and Sidcup 2 December 2021[11] James Brokenshire Conservative
Louie French
Conservative Death of incumbent[12]
North Shropshire 16 December 2021 Owen Paterson Conservative
Helen Morgan
Liberal Democrats Resignation following publication of Standards Committee Report regarding paid advocacy.
Southend West 3 February 2022[13] David Amess Conservative
Anna Firth
Conservative[g] Murder of incumbent[14]
Birmingham Erdington 3 March 2022 Jack Dromey Labour
Paulette Hamilton
Labour Death of incumbent[15]
Wakefield 23 June 2022 Imran Ahmad Khan Conservative[h]
Simon Lightwood
Labour Resignation following conviction of sexual assault of a 15-year-old boy
Tiverton and Honiton 23 June 2022 Neil Parish Conservative[h]
Richard Foord
Liberal Democrats Resignation following accusations of watching pornography in the House of Commons[16]
City of Chester 1 December 2022 Chris Matheson Labour
Samantha Dixon
Labour Resignation following allegations of sexual misconduct.[17]
Stretford and Urmston 15 December 2022 Kate Green Labour
Andrew Western
Labour Resignation to take up the post of Deputy Mayor of Greater Manchester for Policing, succeeding Beverley Hughes.[18]
West Lancashire 9 February 2023 Rosie Cooper Labour
Ashley Dalton
Labour Resignation to take up post of chair of the Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust.[19][20]
Uxbridge and South Ruislip 20 July 2023 Boris Johnson Conservative
Steve Tuckwell
Conservative Resigned between receiving a copy of the Standards Committee report in to Partygate and the report's publication and debate in parliament.[21]
Selby and Ainsty Nigel Adams Conservative
Keir Mather
Labour Resignation[22]
Somerton and Frome David Warburton Conservative[h]
Sarah Dyke
Liberal Democrats Resigned claiming unfair treatment by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards over sexual harassment claims.
Rutherglen and Hamilton West 5 October 2023 Margaret Ferrier SNP[i] Michael Shanks Labour Removed as MP via recall petition following suspension from the House of Commons.
Mid Bedfordshire 19 October 2023 Nadine Dorries Conservative
Alistair Strathern
Labour Resignation[23]
Tamworth Chris Pincher Conservative[h] Sarah Edwards Labour Resignation following recommendation of suspension by the Committee on Standards due to allegations of sexual misconduct.
Wellingborough 15 February 2024[24] Peter Bone Conservative[h]
Gen Kitchen
Labour Removed as MP via recall petition following suspension from the House of Commons due to allegations of bullying and sexual misconduct.
Kingswood Chris Skidmore Conservative
Damien Egan
Labour Resigned in protest over the government issuing new oil and gas licenses.[25]
Rochdale 29 February 2024 Tony Lloyd Labour
George Galloway
Workers Party Death of incumbent
Blackpool South 2 May 2024[26] Scott Benton Conservative[h]
Chris Webb
Labour Resignation following suspension by the Committee on Standards due to lobbying-related corruption.[27]

Defections, suspensions and resignations[edit]

The label under which MPs sit in the House of Commons can change if they leave or are suspended from or expelled by their party. When suspended, they effectively become independents.

Name Date From To Constituency Reason
Neale Hanvey 13 December 2019 SNP Independent Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath Suspended as a candidate on 28 November 2019 due to insensitive social media posts. Remained as SNP candidate on ballot, elected as independent.[28] Reinstated after an investigation.[29] Defected to join new pro-independence party.[30]
29 May 2020 Independent SNP
28 March 2021 SNP Alba
Jonathan Edwards 23 May 2020 Plaid Cymru Independent Carmarthen East and Dinefwr Arrested on suspicion of assault.[31] Whip later restored, but he did not rejoin the Plaid group at Westminster.[32]
Julian Lewis 15 July 2020 Conservative Independent New Forest East Elected chair of the Intelligence and Security Committee against the Government's candidate.[33] Later reinstated.[34]
30 December 2020 Independent Conservative
Claudia Webbe 28 September 2020 Labour Independent Leicester East Charged with harassing a woman.[35] Expelled from party upon conviction in November 2021.[36] Avoided recall petition as her sentence was reduced on appeal to non-custodial community service order.[37]
Margaret Ferrier 1 October 2020 SNP Independent Rutherglen and Hamilton West Breaching COVID-19 rules.[38] Removed as MP by recall petition following suspension from Parliament.
1 August 2023 Independent Recalled
Jeremy Corbyn 29 October 2020 Labour Independent Islington North Statements regarding the report by the Equality and Human Rights Commission into antisemitism.[39] Readmitted to the party on 17 November 2020 but parliamentary whip was not restored.[40]
Mike Hill 16 March 2021 Labour Resigned Hartlepool (see by-elections section)
Neil Gray 24 March 2021 SNP Resigned Airdrie and Shotts (see by-elections section)
Kenny MacAskill 27 March 2021 SNP Alba East Lothian Defected to join new pro-Scottish independence party.[41]
Tracy Brabin 10 May 2021 Labour Resigned Batley and Spen (see by-elections section)
Rob Roberts 25 May 2021 Conservative Independent Delyn Suspended from Parliament for six weeks after an independent panel found he sexually harassed a member of staff.[42]
Imran Ahmad Khan 18 June 2021 Conservative Independent Wakefield Charged with sexual assault on a 15-year-old boy.[43] Resigned after being convicted.
3 May 2022 Independent Resigned
Owen Paterson 5 November 2021 Conservative Resigned North Shropshire (see by-elections section)
Anne Marie Morris 12 January 2022 Conservative Independent Newton Abbot Rebelling against the government on an opposition day motion to cut VAT on energy bills.[44] Whip later restored.[45]
12 May 2022 Independent Conservative
Christian Wakeford 19 January 2022 Conservative Labour Bury South Defected to Labour following the Partygate scandal.[46]
Neil Coyle 11 February 2022 Labour Independent Bermondsey and Old Southwark Accused of Sinophobia on the parliamentary estate.[47] Readmitted to the party on 25 May 2023.[48]
24 May 2023 Independent Labour
David Warburton 2 April 2022 Conservative Independent Somerton and Frome Alleged sexual harassment of three women.[49]
19 June 2023 Independent Resigned
Neil Parish 29 April 2022 Conservative Independent Tiverton and Honiton Admitted viewing pornography in the House of Commons.[50]
4 May 2022 Independent Resigned
Patrick Grady 26 June 2022 SNP Independent Glasgow North Police investigation into sexual harassment allegations from October 2016. Suspended from Parliament for two days.[51] Whip restored.[52]
29 December 2022 Independent SNP
Chris Pincher 1 July 2022 Conservative Independent Tamworth Allegations of drunkenly groping two men.[53]
7 September 2023 Independent Resigned
Tobias Ellwood 19 July 2022 Conservative Independent Bournemouth East Failing to support government in confidence vote. Temporarily restored to allow voting in leadership election.[54] Whip again restored in October 2022.[55]
20 July 2022 Independent Conservative
Conservative Independent
15 October 2022 Independent Conservative
Nick Brown 7 September 2022 Labour Independent Newcastle upon Tyne East Suspended from Labour in September 2022 pending an investigation into a complaint.[56] Resigned from the party in December 2023 and announced that he would not contest the next election.[57]
Rupa Huq 27 September 2022 Labour Independent Ealing Central and Acton Comments about Chancellor of the Exchequer Kwasi Kwarteng.[58] Whip restored in March 2023.[59]
3 March 2023 Independent Labour
Conor Burns 7 October 2022 Conservative Independent Bournemouth West Allegations of misconduct at the Conservative Party Conference.[60] Restored following investigation.[61]
3 December 2022 Independent Conservative
Christina Rees 13 October 2022 Labour Independent Neath Suspended pending an investigation into a complaint concerned with alleged bullying.[62] Whip restored in February 2024.[63]
1 February 2024 Independent Labour
Chris Matheson 21 October 2022 Labour Resigned City of Chester (see by-elections section)
Matt Hancock 1 November 2022 Conservative Independent West Suffolk Unauthorised appearance on a reality TV programme.[64] Whip restored in May 2024.[65]
23 May 2024 Independent Conservative
Kate Green 10 November 2022 Labour Resigned Stretford and Urmston (see by-elections section)
Rosie Cooper 30 November 2022 Labour Resigned West Lancashire (see by-elections section)
Conor McGinn 7 December 2022 Labour Independent St Helens North Suspended pending investigation of a complaint.[66]
Julian Knight 7 December 2022 Conservative Independent Solihull Suspended following a complaint made to the Metropolitan Police.[67]
Andrew Bridgen 11 January 2023 Conservative Independent North West Leicestershire Tweets comparing COVID-19 vaccines to the Holocaust.[68] Expelled from party in April 2023.[69] Joined Reclaim Party on 10 May 2023.[70] Left Reclaim on 20 December 2023 due to policy differences.[71]
10 May 2023 Independent Reclaim
20 December 2023 Reclaim Independent
Scott Benton 5 April 2023 Conservative Independent Blackpool South Suspended pending investigation into paid lobbying.[72] Resigned whilst a recall petition was underway.[73]
25 March 2024 Independent Resigned
Diane Abbott 23 April 2023 Labour Independent Hackney North and Stoke Newington Suspended pending an investigation into a letter she wrote about racism for The Observer.[74]
Geraint Davies 1 June 2023 Labour Independent Swansea West Allegations of sexual harassment.[75]
Bambos Charalambous 9 June 2023 Labour Independent Enfield Southgate Suspended after complaint about conduct.[76] Whip restored in April 2024 [77]
12 April 2024 Independent Labour
Nigel Adams 12 June 2023 Conservative Resigned Selby & Ainsty (see by-elections section)
Boris Johnson 12 June 2023 Conservative Resigned Uxbridge and South Ruislip (see by-elections section)
Angus MacNeil 5 July 2023 SNP Independent Na h-Eileanan an Iar Clash with SNP chief whip Brendan O'Hara. MacNeil was subsequently expelled from the SNP.[78]
Nadine Dorries 29 August 2023 Conservative Resigned Mid-Bedfordshire (see by-elections section)
Lisa Cameron 12 October 2023 SNP Conservative East Kilbride, Strathaven and Lesmahagow Defected to Conservatives due to "toxic and bullying" culture in the SNP.[79]
Peter Bone 17 October 2023 Conservative Independent Wellingborough Accusations of bullying and sexual misconduct.[80] Removed as MP by Recall Petition.
19 December 2023 Independent Recalled
Crispin Blunt 26 October 2023 Conservative Independent Reigate Arrest on suspicion of rape and possession of drugs.[81][82]
Andy McDonald 30 October 2023 Labour Independent Middlesbrough Comments at a pro-Palestinian rally.[83] Whip restored in March 2024
13 March 2024 Independent Labour
Bob Stewart 4 November 2023 Conservative Independent Beckenham Conviction for a racially aggravated public order offence that has been quashed on appeal.[84][85] Whip restored in May 2024.[86]
23 May 2024 Independent Conservative
Chris Skidmore 8 January 2024 Conservative Resigned Kingswood (see by-elections section)
Kate Osamor 29 January 2024 Labour Independent Edmonton Referencing Israel–Hamas war in a post commemorating Holocaust Memorial Day.[87] Whip restored in May 2024.[88]
8 May 2024 Independent Labour
Lee Anderson 24 February 2024 Conservative Independent Ashfield Allegedly Islamophobic comments in an interview about Sadiq Khan.[89] Later joined Reform UK.[90]
11 March 2024 Independent Reform UK
Jeffrey Donaldson 29 March 2024 DUP Independent Lagan Valley Party membership suspended following charges of historic sex offences.[91]
William Wragg 9 April 2024 Conservative Independent Hazel Grove Voluntarily surrendered whip after providing contact details of other MPs in a honeypot.[92]
Mark Menzies 17 April 2024 Conservative Independent Fylde Resigned the whip pending investigation into alleged misuse of campaign funds.[93]
Dan Poulter 27 April 2024 Conservative Labour Central Suffolk and North Ipswich Defected to Labour, describing the Conservatives as "a nationalist party of the right" which "no longer prioritises the NHS".[94]
Natalie Elphicke 8 May 2024 Conservative Labour Dover Defected to Labour, describing Sunak's government as "a byword for incompetence and division."[95]


Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

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